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Effectiveness of permethrin standard and modified methods in scabies treatment Sungkar, Saleha; Agustin, Triana; Menaldi, Sri L.; Fuady, Ahmad; Herqutanto, Herqutanto; Angkasa, Hansen; Santawi, Victor; Zulkarnain, Hirzi
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2014): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: Permethrin is the drug of choice for scabies with side effects such as erythema, pain, itching and prickling sensation. Whole-body (standard) topical application of permethrin causes discomfort; thus, modified application of permethrin to the lesion only, followed with baths twice daily using soap was proposed. The objective of the study is to know the effectiveness of standard against lesion-only application of permethrin in scabies treatment.Methods: An experimental study was conducted in pesantren in East Jakarta and data was collected in May-July 2012. Diagnosis of scabies was made through anamnesis and skin examination. Subjects positive for scabies were divided into three groups: one standard method group (whole-body topical application) and two modified groups (lesion-only application followed by the use of regular soap and antiseptic soap group). The three groups were evaluated weekly for three consecutive weeks. Data was processed using SPSS 20 and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: Total of 94 subjects was scabies positive (prevalence 50%) but only 69 subjects were randomly picked to be analyzed. The cure rate at the end of week III of the standard method group was 95.7%, modified treatment followed by the use of regular soap was 91.3%, and modified treatment followed by the use of antiseptic soap was 78.3% (p = 0.163). The recurrence rate of standard treatment was 8.7%,Â modified treatment followed by the use of regular soap was 13% and modified treatment followed by the use of antiseptic soap was 26.1% (p = 0.250).Conclusion: The standard scabies treatment was as effective as the modified scabies treatment.

Failure to use routine prevention of disability (POD) assessment resulting In permanent disability Erika Zoulba; Emmy Soedarmi Sjamsoe; Sri Linuwih Menaldi; Melani Marissa; Yudo Irawan
Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (2016): June
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

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Disability is one of problems in leprosy or Morbus Hansen (MH), which can cause the patient loose his autonomy and may affect his social relationship with family and community. Disability occurs due to neurological inflammation that can manifest as silent neuritis (which develops without any pain). Silent neuritis can be recognized early with a routine prevention of disability (POD) assessment. A 19-year-old male patient was referred from a District General Hospital with a history of numbness and stiffness of his 4th and 5th fingers of his left hand since 1 month before admittance. The patient was refered by Community Health Center (CHC or PUSKESMAS) after a one year treatment and RFT. During his treatment at the CHC, no assessment of peripheral nerve or POD had ever been performed. The POD assessment at our hospital demonstrated sensory deficit at some points of assessment on both palms and reduced muscle strength of the first and 5th fingers in both hands. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) performed at the outpatient of Neurology Department, showed multiple mononeuropathy MH with irreversible damage. Nerve damage is still considered reversible when it occurs less than 6 months. In this case, the silent neuritis was not detected early and there was delayed treatment; as showed by NCV which revealed a manifestation of irreversible nerve damage. Routine POD assessment may detect the condition and appropriate treatment may overcome the nerve damage. Keywords: Morbus Hansen, silent neuritis, prevention of disability assessment

Neural Leprosy: A case report Alida Widiawaty; Emmy Soedarmi Sjamsoe-Daili; Taruli Olivia; Sri Linuwih Menaldi; Melani Marissa; Fitri Octaviana
Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia Vol 1, No 3 (2016): December
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

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Neural leprosy is characterized by neurological deficit without skin lesions, with a prevalence ranging from 1% to 17.7%. Diagnosis might be difficult and need a multidisciplinary approach. This is a case of axonal type motor and sensory polyradiculoneuropathy of the peripheral facial nerve. A 26-year-old woman was referred from the neurology clinic with facial paralysis, suspected as leprosy. Physical examinations were as follows: no skin lesions, left eye lagophthalmos, thickening of right lateral peroneal and bilateral posterior tibial nerves, sensory impairment, peripheral bilateral facial palsy, and wasting of bilateral distal small muscles of the hands, with normal autonomic function. Nerve Conduction Study revealed multiple demyelinating mononeuropathy of upper and lower extremities. Her serum anti-PGL-1 IgM level was 1721 μ/mL, but after three months of treatment with MDT-PB regimen, it increased to 2815μ/mL. Therefore, the treatment was switched to MDT-MB regimen and 30 mg prednisone. The patient is still undergoing treatment. There has been a slight improvement after treatment with MDT-MB regimen. Nerve biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis but has its limitations. However, serological test of anti PGL-1 can be a marker and a useful tool as an additional test to confirm the diagnosis, especially for patients with nerve impairments. Difficulties are due to the absence of skin lesions and neuropathy which may be caused by other diseases. Both diagnosis and treatment require multidisciplinary approach. Treatment given is intended to correct nerve damage and prevent further disabilities. Keywords: Neural leprosy, anti-PGL-1, systemic corticosteroid, multidisciplinary approach

Suspected resistance of MDT-MB in Multibacillary Leprosy of Hansen's disease: Two case reports Yudo Irawan; Sri Linuwih Menaldi; Emmy Soedarmi Sjamsoe-Daili; Melani Marissa; Erika Zoulba
Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia Vol 1, No 3 (2016): December
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

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Resistance to multidrug therapy (MDT) is one of the complications in the treatment of Hansen’s disease/Morbus Hansen (MH). There are two types of resistancy, which are primary and secondary. MDT-multibacillary (MB) resistance must be suspected when no clinical improvement and the acid-fast bacilli (AFB) index is not reduced after 12 months of therapy. A 28-year-old woman with paresthesia on her face, arms and legs since 2.5 years ago, accompanied by thickening of the right posterior tibial nerve. The AFB examination showed a bacteriological index (BI) of 15/6 and morphological index (MI) of 0.50%. The second case, a 42-year-old man came with paresthetic lesions on his face, chest, back, both arms and legs since 2 years ago, accompanied by thickening of ulnar and lateral peroneal nerve. The BI was 12/5 and the MI was 0.40%. Both patients were diagnosed with borderline lepromatous type of MH and received MDT-MB for 12 months. Diagnosis of suspected resistance was established because no clinical improvement or any significant decrease of AFB index after completing the MDT treatment. The patients had secondary resistance after polymerase chain reaction evaluation showed that they were still rifampicin-sensitive. There was clinical improvement and significant decrease in FAB index after the patients continued the MDT-MB treatment with 600 mg additional rifampicin. The diagnosis of bacterial resistance should be made based on clinical evaluation before completion of treatment. Based on the two case reports, the resistance suspected may be secondary. Treatment using additional regimen can be initiated once the resistance has been proven. Keywords: Hansen’s disease, MDT resistance, clinical improvement, acid fast bacilli index

Poor treatment compliance leads to a higher mutation for rifampicin resistance in multibacillary leprosy patients Siskawati, Yulia; Effendi, Evita H.; Legiawati, Lili; Menaldi, Sri L.
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 27, No 4 (2018): December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: Multidrug therapy (MDT) is a safe and effective drug combination for leprosy treatment that can prevent drug resistance. Mycobacterium leprae resistance, especially to rifampicin, is a serious problem as it potentially thwarts the worldwide leprosy-elimination program by the World Health Organization (WHO). One of the suspected causes of rifampicin resistance is poor treatment compliance. It was necessary to assess the association between the treatment compliance and the occurrence of mutation rifampicin resistance in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients.Methods: A comparative, analytical, cross-sectional study was performed in MB leprosy patients who had completed treatment at the Dermatovenereology Outpatient Clinic in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and the Sitanala Center for Leprosy Hospital from October 2012 to April 2013. Based on treatment regularity and history of drug discontinuation, the subjects were classified as either having good or poor compliance. Skin smear from a slit skin smear (SSS) examination was further analyzed by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing technique to detect rifampicin resistance.Results: Fifty-seven study subjects were enrolled in this study. In the good treatment compliance group (29 subjects), only 1 case of mutation for rifampicin resistance was found. Meanwhile, in the poor drug compliance group (28 subjects), 8 cases of mutation for resistance (29%) were found. This difference in mutation rate was statistically significant (OR=11.2; 95% CI=1.296–96.787; p=0.012).Conclusion: This study revealed that the risk of occurrence of M. leprae resistance to rifampicin in patients with poor drug compliance was significantly higher than in those with good drug compliance.

HEALTH CARE SERVICE FOR LEPROSY PATIENTS IN SITANALA TANGERANG (A PROPOSED APPROACH OF COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH CARE FOR LEPROSY PATIENT) Irawati, Yunia; Lestari, Yeni Dwi; Bani, Anna Puspitasari; Menaldi, Sri Linuwih; Wahyuni, Luh Karunia; Kurniawardhani, Dewinta Retno
ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Based on WHO data, Indonesia has the third largest leprosy burden in the world, afterIndia and Brazil. Although leprosy was declared to be eliminated in severalprovinces, there are still several leprosy settlements spread in Indonesia. Oneof these settlements is Neglasari village in Tangerang City, West Java, whereleprosy patients have been living since 1981. There is a scarcity ofinformation regarding the features of leprosy in Indonesia, especially aboutthe description of the patientsâ€™ posttreatment condition in terms of bothclinical sequelae and health services provided. A collaboration betweenmultiple departments of Ophthalmology, Dermatovenereology, and MedicalRehabilitation from the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital/Universitas Indonesia,Jakarta, was established in the form of a health service program to determinethe number and features of disabilities of ex-leprosy patients. We providehealth services, including physical examinations, extend free medication andeye glasses, and impart knowledge about the chronic complications to patientsand local cadres. A nonroutine health service program for leprosy patients wasconducted in Neglasari village, which performed four primary activities ofpromotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative. The program included atotal of 260 patients, with a mean age of 50.45 Â± 10.15 years and most of thembeing males (60.4%). A duration of >5 years of leprosy was found in 47% ofsubjects, and 96% of them have been released from treatment. Disabilitiescomprised 52.5% in the eye, 87.7% in the hand, and 92% in the foot. In total,65% of the patients had an uncorrected visual acuity of normal to mildimpairment, whereas 5.8% were blind. Eye abnormalities included madarosis(43.9%), entropion (41%), cataract (26%), corneal hypoesthesia (20.6%),trichiasis (17.8%), and lagophthalmos (15.1%), and examination of theextremities revealed that 16% of the subjects had an amputated foot. Spectacleswere successfully distributed to 100% of patients who were visually correctable.This proposed model for leprosy health care program involving multidisciplinaryexpertise is effective for screening numerous disabilities in leprosy patientsat one time. This enables caretakers to determine a holistic management that atthe end is intended to improve the quality of life of patients.

Failure to use routine prevention of disability (POD) assessment resulting In permanent disability Zoulba, Erika; Sjamsoe, Emmy Soedarmi; Menaldi, Sri Linuwih; Marissa, Melani; Irawan, Yudo
Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology & Venereology Indonesia
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Disability is one of problems in leprosy or Morbus Hansen (MH), which can cause the patient loose his autonomy and may affect his social relationship with family and community. Disability occurs due to neurological inflammation that can manifest as silent neuritis (which develops without any pain). Silent neuritis can be recognized early with a routine prevention of disability (POD) assessment. A 19-year-old male patient was referred from a District General Hospital with a history of numbness and stiffness of his 4th and 5th fingers of his left hand since 1 month before admittance. The patient was refered by Community Health Center (CHC or PUSKESMAS) after a one year treatment and RFT. During his treatment at the CHC, no assessment of peripheral nerve or POD had ever been performed. The POD assessment at our hospital demonstrated sensory deficit at some points of assessment on both palms and reduced muscle strength of the first and 5th fingers in both hands. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) performed at the outpatient of Neurology Department, showed multiple mononeuropathy MH with irreversible damage. Nerve damage is still considered reversible when it occurs less than 6 months. In this case, the silent neuritis was not detected early and there was delayed treatment; as showed by NCV which revealed a manifestation of irreversible nerve damage. Routine POD assessment may detect the condition and appropriate treatment may overcome the nerve damage.

Occupational skin cancer and precancerous lesions Raissa, Fifinela; Rahmayunita, Githa; Menaldi, Sri Linuwih; Soemarko, Dewi
Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology & Venereology Indonesia
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Occupational skin cancer and precancerous lesions are skin disorders caused by exposure to chemical carcinogens such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and arsenic, or radiation, such as ultraviolet light and ionizing light in the workplace. Annual increase in skin cancer incidence is believed to be related to various factors such as frequent intense sunlight exposure (i.e. at work, recreational activities, and sun-tanning habit), ozone depletion, an increase in number of geriatric population, and an increase of public awareness in skin cancer. The most common occupational skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Examples of occupational precancerous lesion of the skin are actinic keratosis and Bowen’s disease. Particular diagnostic criteria to diagnose occupational diseases has been developed. Early detection of occupational skin cancer and precancerous lesion is necessary. An effective prevention program consists of primary prevention such as prevention of hazardous material exposure, secondary prevention such as early detection of disease for early intervention, and tertiary prevention such as minimizing long-term impact of the disease.

Neural Leprosy: A case report Widiawaty, Alida; Sjamsoe-Daili, Emmy Soedarmi; Olivia, Taruli; Menaldi, Sri Linuwih; Marissa, Melani; Octaviana, Fitri
Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology & Venereology Indonesia
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Neural leprosy is characterized by neurological deficit without skin lesions, with a prevalence ranging from 1% to 17.7%. Diagnosis might be difficult and need a multidisciplinary approach. This is a case of axonal type motor and sensory polyradiculoneuropathy of the peripheral facial nerve. A 26-year-old woman was referred from the neurology clinic with facial paralysis, suspected as leprosy. Physical examinations were as follows: no skin lesions, left eye lagophthalmos, thickening of right lateral peroneal and bilateral posterior tibial nerves, sensory impairment, peripheral bilateral facial palsy, and wasting of bilateral distal small muscles of the hands, with normal autonomic function. Nerve Conduction Study revealed multiple demyelinating mononeuropathy of upper and lower extremities. Her serum anti-PGL-1 IgM level was 1721 μ/mL, but after three months of treatment with MDT-PB regimen, it increased to 2815μ/mL. Therefore, the treatment was switched to MDT-MB regimen and 30 mg prednisone. The patient is still undergoing treatment. There has been a slight improvement after treatment with MDT-MB regimen. Nerve biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis but has its limitations. However, serological test of anti PGL-1 can be a marker and a useful tool as an additional test to confirm the diagnosis, especially for patients with nerve impairments. Difficulties are due to the absence of skin lesions and neuropathy which may be caused by other diseases. Both diagnosis and treatment require multidisciplinary approach. Treatment given is intended to correct nerve damage and prevent further disabilities. Click here to edit this text or paste your document here to convert it to HTML �� This demo allows you to test the features of this online HTML converter. Type in one of the fields and see the other one changing in real time! Set up the cleaning options and press ▼ Clean Work with any of the text areas and see the other one changing in real time: Left: Preview Right: Source code Preview how your document will look when published. Adjust the syntax highlighted HTML code. Check out Pranx.com for nice online pranks.

Suspected resistance of MDT-MB in Multibacillary Leprosy of Hansen's disease: Two case reports Irawan, Yudo; Menaldi, Sri Linuwih; SD, Emmy Soedarmi; Marissa, Melani; Zoulba, Erika
Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology & Venereology Indonesia
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Resistance to multidrug therapy (MDT) is one of the complications in the treatment of Hansen’s disease/Morbus Hansen (MH). There are two types of resistancy, which are primary and secondary. MDT-multibacillary (MB) resistance must be suspected when no clinical improvement and the acid-fast bacilli (AFB) index is not reduced after 12 months of therapy. A 28-year-old woman with paresthesia on her face, arms and legs since 2.5 years ago, accompanied by thickening of the right posterior tibial nerve. The AFB examination showed a bacteriological index (BI) of 15/6 and morphological index (MI) of 0.50%. The second case, a 42-year-old man came with paresthetic lesions on his face, chest, back, both arms and legs since 2 years ago, accompanied by thickening of ulnar and lateral peroneal nerve. The BI was 12/5 and the MI was 0.40%. Both patients were diagnosed with borderline lepromatous type of MH and received MDT-MB for 12 months. Diagnosis of suspected resistance was established because no clinical improvement or any significant decrease of AFB index after completing the MDT treatment. The patients had secondary resistance after polymerase chain reaction evaluation showed that they were still rifampicin-sensitive. There was clinical improvement and significant decrease in FAB index after the patients continued the MDT-MB treatment with 600 mg additional rifampicin. The diagnosis of bacterial resistance should be made based on clinical evaluation before completion of treatment. Based on the two case reports, the resistance suspected may be secondary. Treatment using additional regimen can be initiated once the resistance has been proven.

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