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All Journal Jurnal Biofisika Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Jurnal AGROTEKNOLOGI Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Makara Journal of Science Newton-Maxwell Journal of Physics

Siti Nikmatin

Institut Pertanian Bogor

Author-ID : 3235232

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics

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Peningkatan Sifat Papan Partikel Sengon dengan Perlakuan Perendaman Air Dingin (Improvement the Propoerties of Particleboard Made from Sengon with Cold Water Immersion Treatment) Marwanto, Marwanto; Maulana, Sena; Maulana, Mohammad I; Wistara, Nyoman J; Nikmatin, Siti; Febrianto, Fauzi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (38.454 KB)

The objectives of this research is to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of particle board made from sengon and mangium woods treated with cold water immersion. Particles of sengon and mangium immersed in cold water for 24 hours. The particles of sengon and mangium are combined with a ratio of 100: 0; 0: 100; 75:25; and 50:50. Particle boards are made in size (30x30x0,9) cm3 with target densities of 0.7 g cm-3. The particle board was binded with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) adhesive at 10% content and hot press at 140 °C with 25 kgf cm-2 for 7 minutes. The physical and mechanical properties of particle board are evaluated according to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. The physical and mechanical properties of particle board were much affected by particle combination and cold water immersion treatment. The physical (i.e density, moisture content, water absorption (WA), and thickness swelling (TS)) and mechanical properties (ie. modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and internal bonding (IB)) were evaluated. The results showed that cold water immersion improved dimensional stability (WA and TS) of particle board obtained. However, some mechanical properties decreased.Keyword: cold water immersion, mangium, particleboard, sengon

SIFAT MEKANIK BIONANOKOMPOSIT FILLER NANOPARTIKEL BIOMASS KULIT ROTAN METODE INJEKSI MOLDING siti nikmatin
Jurnal Biofisika Vol. 9 No. 1 (2013): Jurnal Biofisika
Publisher : Jurnal Biofisika

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Rattan biomass is one of the agricultural waste that can be used as a source of cellulose nanoparticle. To produce cellulose nanoparticle bark rattan that is low density, good mechanical properties, natural resources and renewable resources needed a new method of development nanotechnology using hummer mill methods. The purpose of this study is synthesis and mechanical properties of bionanocomposite reinforce cellulose nanoparticle bark rattan used injection moulding. Cellulose nanoparticle is made with mechanical systems (milling and shakers) in size 75 μm and hummer mill t =30 minute. PSA test results produced a maximum particle size of 25.6 nm (number distribution commulant method) at the t =30 minute. Meanwhile, the hardness and impact strength of bionanocomposite show 79.9 HRR and 67.7 J/m.

Pengembangan Teknologi Proses Produksi Bionanokomposit Filler Biomassa Rotan Siti Nikmatin; Lisdar Idwan Sudirman; Mersi Kurniati
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 3 (2014): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Rattan biomass is a fiber waste from processing industry of rattan. Its abundant availability, as well as does not threaten the balance of food and feed, make it a potential source as raw material for composite filler of cellulose nanoparticles. To obtain a high cellulose content, it was inoculated with White rote fungi and Aspergillus niger. The experiments were conducted at inoculation time of 15, 21, and 30 days. The results showed that biomass of rattan extracted with White rote fungi and Aspergillus niger reached maximum cellulose content at the inoculation time of 21 days ie 76.47% cellulose, lignin 2.39%, and 20% moisture content. Cellulose has a monoclinic crystal structure, a =7.87; b=10.31; c=10.13 α= γ = 90, β=120. Nanoparticles were produced by disk mill-hummer mill method with variation milling time of 15, 30, and 45 minutes. Collision, friction, and heat for 30 minutes of milling could produce energy that was transferred to the particles and caused cavitation which resulted particles of 16.22-51.30 nm particle size. Production of test piece and prototype of nanocomposite using TSE and injection molding produced material which has 2 phases of crystal structure, namely monoclinic, and orthorhombic phases. The mechanical properties of impact strength was 67.769 J/m and hardness of 79.97 HRR. Thermal properties and density of bionanokomposit showed comparable values with synthetic composites.

PENGARUH ATMOSFER DAN SUHU SINTERING TERHADAP KOMPOSISI PELET HIDROKSIAPATITYANG DIBUAT DARI SINTESAKIMIA DENGAN MEDIAAIR DAN SYNTETHIC BODY FLUID (SBF) Arifianto Arifianto; Siti Nikmatin; Ratih Langenati
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia EDISI KHUSUS: OKTOBER 2006
Publisher : Center for Science & Technology of Advanced Materials - National Nuclear Energy Agency

PENGARUH ATMOSFER DAN SUHU SINTERING TERHADAP KOMPOSISI PELET HIDROKSIAPATITYANG DIBUAT DARI SINTESAKIMIA DENGAN MEDIAAIR DAN SYNTETHIC BODY FLUID (SBF). Penggunaan hidroksiapatit(HAp) sebagai bahan implantasi tulang sintetis telah banyak digunakan. Salah satu penerapannya adalah sebagai bahan pelapis logam yang akan diimplantasikan ke dalam tubuh sebagai pengganti tulang. Masalah yang timbul pada saat pelapisan adalah pada suhu yang tinggi, HAp dapat terdekomposisi menjadi β-TCP, α-TCP, CaO ataupun senyawa lain yang tidak diinginkan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan variasi jenis pelarut pada saat pembuatan HAp yakni pelarut air dan pelarut SBF (Syntethic Body Fluid). Pelarut SBF menyumbangkan gugus karbonat dan ion-ion lain pada HAp yang menyebabkannya stabil. Sintering dilakukan untuk mendapatkan HAp dengan densitas tinggi yang stabil. Variasi suhu sintering yang digunakan adalah 900 oC, 1000 oC, 1100 oC dan 1150 oC. Variasi atmosfer yang digunakan adalah gas Ar dan gas CO2. Dari hasil karakterisasi dengan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) diperoleh hasil bahwa secara umum HAp yang disinter dengan gas Ar maupun CO2 tidak mengalami dekomposisi sampai suhu 1150 oC. Pengamatan terhadap foto SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) HAp menunjukkan perbedaan bentuk morfologi HAp dengan pelarut air memiliki bentuk butir yang bulat dan berdempetan satu sama lain sedangkan morfologi HAp dengan pelarut SBF menunjukkan bentuk seperti jaring yang lebar. Pengukuran volume dan massa tiap sampel menunjukkan perubahan densitas, yakni semakin tinggi suhu sinter maka densitas pelet HAp semakin besar.

ANALISIS STRUKTUR SELULOSA KULIT ROTAN SEBAGAI FILLER BIONANO KOMPOSIT DENGAN DIFRAKSI SINAR-X Siti Nikmatin; Setyo Purwanto; Akhirudin Maddu
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol 13, No 2: FEBRUARI 2012
Publisher : Center for Science & Technology of Advanced Materials - National Nuclear Energy Agency

ANALISIS STRUKTUR SELULOSA KULIT ROTAN SEBAGAI FILLER BIONANO KOMPOSIT DENGAN DIFRAKSI SINAR-X. Kulit rotan merupakan salah satu limbah pertanian yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber serat untuk bionano komposit. Untuk menghasilkan bionanokomposit berbasis nanopartikel selulosa kulit rotan yang ringan, kuat, ulet, ramah lingkungan dan eksplorasi sumber daya alam dalam negeri diperlukan pengembangan metode baru sebagai solusi teknik yang mengedepankan kemampuan sistem yaitu nanoteknologi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah analisis struktur kristal menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan ukuran partikel dengan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) nanopartikel selulosa kulit rotan (SKR) hasil ultrasonikasi yang akan digunakan sebagai filler pada bionanokomposit menggunakan injection moulding. SKR dibuat dengan sistem mekanik (pen disk milling dan elektromagnetik shaker) dalam ukuran 75 μm, dipanaskan 100 oC dan stirer 200 rpm selama 2 jam, dilanjutkan ultrasonikasi pada 20 kHz, dengan variasi waktu 1 jam, 2 jamdan 3 jam. Hasil pengujian PSA menunjukkan ukuran partikel diameter 146,3 nm(number distribution 32%) untuk waktu ultrasonikasi 3 jam. Sementara itu analisis struktur kristal menunjukkan bahwa SKR berstruktur kristal monoklinik berfasa -selulosa. Apparent Crystal Size (ACS) dan micro strain (η) nanopartikel SKR adalah ACS = 151,95 dan η = 0,0001. Pemberian nanopartikel SKR pada matriks polipropilen (PP) menggunakan injection mouding menghasilkan sifat mekanik (impact dan hardness) bionanokomposit lebih baik dari pembandingnya yaitu komposit sintetik berfiber glass.

Pengaruh Milling Terhadap Karakteristik Nanopartikel Biomassa Rotan Aminah Balfas; Irmansyah -; Siti Nikmatin; Agus Sukarto
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

AbstractThe huge availability of rattan biomass is a fiber rich natural resource that resulted from rattan processing. Nanoparticles biomass is selected material with high potential to be further developed and studied as filler composites, which rattan has better mechanical physical properties than synthetic. Thefiber objective of this study is to obtain natural fiber nanoparticles from rattan biomass as a reinforcing material of PP (Polypropylene) using milling method with time variation of 15, 30 and 45 minutes. The result of using milling method with Herzong tool, the optimum milling time ws 30 minutes with an average particle size of 24.35 nm in the range 15:49 24.35 - 48.99 through PSA test equipment, which using the method ofdistribution comulant amount (number), the surface morphology of nanoparticles fiber rattan skin shows the longer time milling, the smaller the particle size, and ACS amounted to 0.9833 Å (0.09833 nm) with a FWHM 0.1557 rad.AbstrakKetersediaan biomassa rotan yang melimpah merupakan sumber daya alam kaya serat yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan rotan. Nanopartikel biomassa rotan merupakan pilihan material yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan dan diteliti lebih lanjut sebagai filler komposit yang memiliki sifat fisis mekanik lebih baik dari sintesis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh nanopartikel serat alam dari biomassa rotan sebagai bahan penguat polipropilen (PP) menggunakan metode milling dengan variasi waktu 15 menit, 30 menit, dan 45 menit. Hasil dari menggunakan metode milling dengan alat Herzong didapatkan waktu milling optimum 30 menit dengan rata-rata ukuran partikel 24.35 nm dalam rentang 15.49 - 48.99 nm melalui ala uji PSA yang menggunakan metode akumulasi distribusi jumlah (number), Morfologi permukaannanopartikel serat kulit rotan menunjukkan semakin lama waktu milling, semakin kecil ukuran partikelnya, dan ACS sebesar 0.9833 Å (0.09833 nm) dengan FWHM 0.1557 rad.

Mikrostruktur Arang Aktif Batok Kelapa untuk Pemurnian Minyak Goreng Habis Pakai Rinto Paputungan; Siti Nikmatin; Akhiruddin Maddu; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

AbstractThe obejective of this study was to investigate the effect of active carbon derived from coconut shell as adsorbents for consumables cooking oil. Method used in this rescarch was started with coconut shell preparation in form of chips and then carbonized and activated as well as morphological analysis by means of SEM. Variation used were activation times of activated carbon of coconut shell for 80, 100 and 120 min. The analysis results showed that the coconut shell charcoal yield was 41.66%, water contents was 3.7767%, ash contents was 2.9997% and Iod adsorbsion was 1051.07 mg/g. Consumables cooking oil refining process by activated charcoal from coconut shells can increased the quality of the oil market by a decrease in water contents, free fatty acids, peroxide value and turbudity numbers. Purification of cooking oil waste with activated carbon as adsorbent was archieved at temperature of 1000C, a contact time of 20 minutes, water contents of 0.10567%, free fatty acids of 0.7933%, peroxide numbers of 21.4667% andturbidity value of 69.7700 NTU.AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh arang aktif batok kelapa sebagai adsorben pada pemurnian minyak goreng habis pakai. Metode penelitian diawali dengan preparasi batok kelapa dalam bentuk cip, kemudian karbonisasi dan aktivasi, serta pengujian morfologi arang aktif menggunakan SEM. Variasi yang dilakukan ialah lama aktivasi arang aktif batok kelapa 80, 100 dan 120 menit. Hasil yang terbaik analisis arang aktif batok kelapa menunjukkan rendemen 41.66%, kadar air 3.7767%, kadar abu 2.9997% dan daya serap Iodin 1051.07 mg/g. Proses pemurnian minyak goreng habis pakai oleh arang aktif dari batok kelapa dapat meningkatkan kualitas minyak yang ditandai dengan penurunan kadar air, bilangan asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida dan angka kekeruhan. Pemurnian limbah minyak goreng dengan adsorben arang aktif batok kelapa, tercapai pada temperatur 1000C, waktu kontak 20 menit, kadar air dalam minyak 0.10567%, bilangan asam lemak bebas 0.7933%, bilangan peroksida 21.4667% dan nilai kekeruhan 69.7700 NTU.

KARAKTERISASI SELULOSA KULIT ROTAN SEBAGAI MATERIAL PENGGANTI FIBER GLASS PADA KOMPOSIT Siti Nikmatin; Y. Aris Purwanto; Tieneke Mandang; Akhirudin Maddu; Setyo Purwanto
JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI Vol 5 No 01 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Jember

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Abundant of natural resources in Indonesia give advent to the development of Biocomposite technology. Furthermore, agricultural wastes as one typical sources of bio-composite are available everywhere in Indonesia. Rotan-bark is one kind of agriculture waste that can be use as main input for bio-composite. This research deals with characterisation of cellulose content from rotan-bark as substitute for fibber glass as filler in composite. Cellulose from Rotan-bark made in long and short fibbers by means of fermentation. In this case, aspergillus niger is used as fermentation agent. Rotan type, Rotan mass, and temperature are maintained constant during the treatment. Variable of fermentation time ( tF ) and fungi-volume ( Vf) are varied. Fermentationtime range from: 4,5,6,8 to 10 days. Extraction of rotan-bark-cellulose by means of fermentation developed specific enzyme. This enzyme can break-down the filament of non-cellulose plant. Then this enzyme can separated fibber component from: parenchyma, xylem and epidermis at weight density = 0,58 and optimal efficiency up to 60,8% at tF = 8 days ; Vf = 15 ml. X-Furthermore, XRay Diffraction (XRD) shows the crystallized structure obtained from rotan-bark cellulose at Apparent Crystal Size (ACS) = 29130,42 nm and η (inhomogeneous mechanical micro strain) = 0,94 x 10-3 . Characterization by means of SEM-EDS shows rotan-bark cellulose composed from : C = 47,5 % massa, O = 46 % massa and mineral. The result is close to recommended fibber glass composition for industrial application. Keywords : fibber glass, extraction, celulosa, bio-composite, aspergilus niger

Perubahan Kadar Komponen Kimia Bambu Kuning akibat Modifikasi Steam dan Pembilasan (Change of Chemical Component Content in Kuning Bamboo due to Steam and Rinsing Modification) Muhammad I Maulana; Abi K Arif; Deded S Nawawi; Nyoman J Wistara; Siti Nikmatin; Fauzi Febrianto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 17, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Bamboo is a forest product that has potential as substitution of wood for the raw material of any products of forest products processing. Oriented Strand Board (OSB) made from bamboo is more superior compared to the wood one in physical and mechanical properties. Steam and rinsing treatments can improve the OSB properties that occur due to changes in the chemical components of bamboo, but research on the effect of the treatment has not been done for kuning bamboo. The objective of this reseach were to identify the changes of chemical components content in kuning bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata.) due to steam, steam with distillation water rinsing and steam with 1% NaOH rinsing treatments. The chemical component of bamboo was analyzed according to Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standards. The results showed that alpha-cellulose and lignin contents were relatively stable. In addition, hollocellulose, hemicellulose and extractives decreased, while the pH value was increased by treatments. The decreased of hemicellulose and extractive substances, as well as increased pH values can improve the quality of OSB produced.

Pengaruh Modifikasi Steam dan Pembilasan NaOH terhadap Keasaman Enam Jenis Bambu Muhammad I. Maulana; Marwanto Marwanto; Sena Maulana; Aginsa T. Putri; Nicken O Putri; Denni Prasetia; Deded S. Nawawi; Siti Nikmatin; Fauzi Febrianto; Nam-Hun Kim
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 18, No 1 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v18i1.540

Perlakuan steam dan bilas NaOH 1% telah diketahui meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis Oriented Strand Board (OSB) bambu. Peningkatan tersebut disebabkan oleh menurunnya kadar zat ekstraktif dan komponen berbobot molekul rendah lainnya pada bambu. Selain itu, steam dan bilas NaOH 1% juga diduga mempengaruhi keasaman bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perubahan keasaman yang terjadi akibat perlakuan steam dan bilas NaOH 1% pada enam jenis bambu Indonesia. Enam jenis bambu meliputi bambu andong, betung, tali, ampel, kuning, dan hitam digunakan pada penelitian ini. Sampel bambu dicacah hingga berbentuk partikel dan diberikan dua perlakuan berbeda yaitu steam dan steam + bilas NaOH 1%. Partikel bambu kemudian digiling hingga didapatkan serbuk berukuran 40-60 mesh. Serbuk bambu diekstrak dengan air panas selama 1 jam. Nilai pH filtrat ekstrak diukur menggunakan pH meter. Ekstrak kemudian dititrasi dengan larutan H2SO4 0,025 N hingga pH 4 dan larutan NaOH 0,025 N hingga pH 10. Jumlah larutan penyangga yang ditambahkan ke dalam ekstrak dinyatakan sebagai kapasitas penyangga asam dan basa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis bambu dan perlakuan berpengaruh terhadap nilai pH dan kapasitas penyangga. Nilai rata-rata pH enam jenis bambu berkisar 5,20-6,67 dan meningkat setelah perlakuan steam dan Steam + bilas NaOH 1% berturut-turut menjadi 5,97-6,78 dan 7,02-7,63. Kapasitas penyangga asam dan basa enam jenis bambu masing-masing berkisar 0.404-0.525 mmeq dan 0.095-0.1750 mmeq dan meningkat setelah perlakuan steam dan Steam + bilas NaOH 1%.

Co-Authors Abi K Arif Achmad Solikhin Aginsa T. Putri Agus Sukarto Akhiruddin Maddu Akhirudin Maddu Akhirudin Maddu Aminah Balfas Arifianto Arifianto Aris Purwanto Deded Sarip Nawawi Denni Prasetia Fauzi Febrianto Firda Aulya Syamani Gustan Pari Hendradi Hardhienata I Nyoman Jaya Wistara Irmansyah - Iwan Risnasari LISDAR I. SUDIRMAN Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto, Marwanto Maulana, Mohammad I Maulana, Sena Mersi Kurniati Muh Yusram Massijaya Muh Yusram Massijaya, Muh Yusram Muhammad Iqbal Maulana Nam-Hun Kim Nicken O Putri okta riza Purnawati, Renny Ratih Langenati Rinto Paputungan Rita K Sari Se-Hwi Park Setyo Purwanto Setyo Purwanto Solikhin, Achmad Sucahyo Sadiyo Sudirman Sudirman Tieneke Mandang Yusuf Sudo Hadi

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