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All Journal JURNAL AIR INDONESIA JURNAL TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan
Rudi Nugroho
Kelompok Air
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

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Peningkatan Kualitas Air Baku dari Sungai Surabaya dengan Proses Biofiltrasi Said, Nusa Idaman; Widayat, Wahyu; Nugroho, Rudi
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (633.337 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v21i1.3284

Abstract

ABSTRACTSurabaya River is a source of raw water for the needs of the community in Surabaya and its surrounding areas, including for industrial and the Surabaya water supply company. Along with the rapid growth of settlements and the development of the industrial sector, the Surabaya River pollution level has increased so that the quality of the water does not meet the quality standards required as raw water for drinking water. The most potential parameter that causes the level of pollution is organic pollutants. The concentration of some water quality parameters including organic pollutants in the Surabaya River has exceeded class I water quality standards based on Government Regulation (PP) No. 82 of 2001, namely for allotment of raw water for drinking water. The purpose of this study was to improve the raw water quality such as parameters of suspended solids (TSS), organic substances, detergents and manganese (Mn) through the application of biofilter technology. The study was conducted by operating a biofilter pilot plant consisting of a lamella-type settling tank and a biofilter reactor filled with wasp-type nesting media. The results showed that the biofilter process used can reduce the concentration of TSS, organic matter, detergents and Mn in raw water. In general, the longer the hydraulic residence time (HRT) in the biofilter pilot plant, the greater the efficiency of removing TSS, organic matter, and detergent in raw water. The experiments results at the conditions of the shortest total HRT of 81 minutes, including HRT of 36 minutes in the settling tank and HRT of 45 minutes in the biofilter reactor, could obtain TSS removal efficiency of 46.92%, 15.97% for organic matter, and 55% for detergent, where the concentration of these parameters meets the quality standards for drinking water.Keywords: biofiltration, HRT, drinking water, water qualityABSTRAKSungai Surabaya merupakan sumber air baku untuk kebutuhan masyarakat di wilayah Surabaya dan sekitarnya, termasuk untuk kebutuhan industri dan air baku PDAM kota Surabaya. Seiring pesatnya pertumbuhan pemukiman dan perkembangan sektor industri, mengakibatkan tingkat pencemaran Sungai Surabaya semakin tinggi sehingga kualitas airnya tidak memenuhi ketentuan baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan sebagai air baku air minum. Parameter yang paling potensial menyebabkan tingkat pencemaran tersebut adalah polutan organik. Konsentrasi beberapa parameter kualitas air termasuk polutan organik di sungai Surabaya telah melebihi baku mutu air kelas I berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No 82 tahun 2001, yakni untuk peruntukan air baku air minum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan peningkatan kualitas air baku seperti parameter padatan tersuspensi (TSS), zat organik, deterjen dan mangan (Mn) melalui penerapan teknologi biofilter. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengoperasikan pilot plant biofilter yang terdiri dari bak pengendap tipe lamella dan reaktor biofilter yang diisi dengan media plastik tipe sarang tawon. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa proses biofilter yang digunakan dapat menurunkan konsentrasi TSS, zat organik, deterjen dan Mn di dalam air baku. Secara umum semakin lama waktu tinggal di dalam pilot plant biofilter, efisiensi penghilangan TSS, zat organik, dan deterjen di dalam air baku semakin besar. Hasil percobaan pada kondisi total waktu tinggal terpendek (total HRT) 81 menit, meliputi HRT di bak pengendap 36 menit dan HRT di reaktor biofilter 45 menit, didapatkan efisensi penghilangan TSS 46,92 %, zat organik 15,97 %, dan deterjen 55 %, dimana konsentrasi parameter-parameter tersebut memenuhi baku mutu untuk air minum.Kata kunci: biofiltrasi, HRT, air minum, kualitas air
Kualitas Air Danau Toba di Wilayah Kabupaten Toba Samosir dan Kelayakan Peruntukannya Garno, Yudhi Soetrisno; Nugroho, Rudi; Hanif, Muhammad
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (207.074 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v21i1.3277

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis research was conducted to determine the status of Lake Toba water quality in the area of Toba Samosir (Tobasa) Regency and the feasibility of its use. This study revealed that BOD, COD, iron and free Cl2 of Lake Toba Tobasa regency exceed water quality criteria for Class I and Class II based on Governor Decree No. 1 Year 2009 on Raw water quality of Lake Toba in North Sumatera. High COD and BOD values imply that Lake Toba water was polluted by organic matter presumably originated from floating net cages (KJA), while free Cl2 is thought to originate from domestic waste activities in Parapat City and its surroundings. In general, it was concluded that the water of Lake Toba in the Tobasa Regency did not meet the criteria for clean water and water tourism.Keywords: Lake Toba, raw water, pollution, water qualityABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas air Danau Toba wilayah Kabupaten Toba Samosir (Tobasa) dan kelayakan peruntukannya. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa air Danau Toba wilayah Kabupaten Tobasa memiliki BOD, COD dan konsentrasi besi dan Cl2 bebas melebihi kriteria mutu air Kelas I dan Kelas II pada Peraturan Gubernur Sumatra Utara No 1 Tahun 2009. Tingginya nilai COD dan BOD mengisyaratkan bahwa perairan Danau Toba tercemar oleh bahan organik yang diduga berasal keramba jaring apung (KJA), sedangkan Cl2 bebas diduga berasal dari limbah domestik kegiatan Kota Parapat dan sekitarnya. Secara umum disimpulkan bahwa air Danau Toba di wilayah Kabupaten Tobasa tidak/belum memenuhi kriteria untuk air baku air minum  dan wisata air.Kata kunci: danau Toba, bahan baku air, pencemaran, baku mutu
Efektivitas Pengolahan Air yang Mengandung Amonia Konsentrasi Tinggi Menggunakan Konsorsium Probiotik Komersial dan Bakteri Sedimen Kolam Lele Ambarsari, Hanies; Syah, Iman; Nugroho, Rudi; Manurung, Brian Saputra; Suciati, Fuzi
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1065.099 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v21i1.3478

Abstract

ABSTRACTNitrification is one of the most widely used methods to reduce ammonia concentration in wastewater.The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of high-concentrated ammonia nitrification by the consortium between commercial probiotics and bacteria from the sediment of the catfish pond. The study was conducted on batch system bioreactors with a working volume of 1 liter containing 100 mg/L ammonia solution and 50 grams sediment of catfish pond. This study used a treatment variation of the concentration of commercial probiotics and the bacterial isolate from the catfish pond sediment using glucose as the carbon source. The variations of commercial probiotics added to the bioreactor were 5 ml/L, 10 ml/L and 15 ml/L. The variations of glucose concentration were 0 g/L and 3,9 g/L. Analysis of ammonia concentration was carried out by spectrophotometry using the phenate method. The highest removal efficiency of ammonia was 92.35% in the bioreactor with a mixture of 15 ml/L commercial probiotics and 3.9 g/L glucose with the fastest ammonia rate was on the third day of the experimental period. The addition of glucose in the bioreactors could increase ammonia removal by 57.39%. The result of statistical analysis indicated that variations in the concentration of commercial probiotic indicated no statistically significant difference in ammonia removal (P> 0.05), while variations in glucose concentration showed a statistically significant difference in ammonia removal (P <0.05). Three isolates were successfully isolated on specific media for nitrifying bacteria. The result of bacterial identification showed that three isolated bacteria were Bacillus sp., Aeromonas salmonicida, and Burkholderia cepacia.Keywords: ammonia, nitrification, sediment of catfish pond, commercial probioticABSTRAKNitrifikasi merupakan salah satu metode yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengurangi konsentrasi amonia pada limbah cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penambahan sedimen kolam lele dan probiotik komersial dalam nitrifikasi amonia konsentrasi tinggi. Penelitian menggunakan bioreaktor sistem batch dengan volume kerja 1 liter yang berisi larutan amonia 100 mg/L dan 50 gram sedimen kolam lele. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari pemberian variasi konsentrasi probiotik komersial dan sedimen kolam lele dengan sumber karbon glukosa. Variasi probiotik komersial yang ditambahkan pada bioreaktor adalah 5 ml/L, 10 ml/L dan 15 ml/L sedangkan variasi konsentrasi glukosa adalah 0 g/L dan 3,9 g/L. Analisis konsentrasi amonia dilakukan secara spektrofotometri menggunakan Metode Fenat. Hasil penurunan rata-rata amonia tertinggi adalah sebesar 92,35% pada bioreaktor dengan campuran probiotik komersial 15 ml/L dan glukosa 3,9 g/L dengan laju penurunan ammonia tercepat pada hari ke-3 periode eksperimen. Penambahan glukosa pada bioreaktor mampu meningkatkan penurunan amonia sebesar 57,39%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi probiotik komersial tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada penurunan amonia (p>0,05) sedangkan variasi konsentrasi glukosa menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap penurunan amonia (p<0,05). Tiga isolat berhasil diisolasi menggunakan media spesifik bakteri nitrifikasi. Hasil identifikasi dari tiga bakteri menunjukkan bahwa isolat tersebut adalah Bacillus sp., Aeromonas salmonicida dan Burkholderia cepacia.Kata kunci: amonia, nitrifikasi, sedimen kolam lele, probiotik komersial
PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH BERWARNA INDUSTRI TEKSTIL DENGAN PROSES AOPs Nugroho, Rudi; Mahmud, Ikbal
Jurnal Air Indonesia Vol. 1 No. 2 (2005): Jurnal Air Indonesia
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (188.073 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jai.v1i2.2344

Abstract

An experiment of advanced oxydation processes (AOPs) was applicated in textile wastewater treatment for color removal. The experiment was conducted in laboratory scale using ozon and hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agents. The textile wastewater contains any organic and inorganic dyes that could not be effective treated by coagullation and and sedimentation as well as by conventional aerobic treatments. Result of the experiments concluded that the AOPs technologies could be applied effectively for removal of color. Addition of hydrogen peroxide with volume of 0.25 ml for 1 liter of wastewater exhibits the reaction. The reaction of AOPs for color removal was optimum at temperatur of 70oC. As higher as pH, the reaction become faster and the efficiency of color removal become higher.   Key words:  advanced oxidation processes, color removal, hydrogen peroxide, ozon, 
ANALISIS KINERJA INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK STUDI KASUS PT. UNITED CAN Co. Ltd. Nugroho, Rudi
Jurnal Air Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2010): Jurnal Air Indonesia
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (651.823 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jai.v6i2.2465

Abstract

Nowadays, the domestic wastewater have become a big problem in Indonesia especially in Jakarta. The governor of DKI Jakarta has established new regulation of domestic wastewater standard which can be discharge to the environment. The regulation namely Pergub 122 tahun 2005. To comply the regullation, PT. United Can Co. Ltd. has already built a domestic wastewater treatment using anaerobic-aerobic biofilter. The wastewater treatment has 130m3/day of treatment capacities. During the start-up periods till 3 months running, the compossition of influent and efluent were analysed weekly. The results show that the concentration of parameter of COD, BOD, TSS, Amonia, pH and MBAS in the effluent have bellow the limit noted in the Pergub 122 th 2005.  Keywords:  Domestic Wastewater, Biofilter, Anaerobic, Aerobic
KAJIAN PENDAHULUAN KELAYAKAN PENERAPAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK SECARA KOMUNAL DI PERMUKIMAN KOTA BOGOR Rifai, Agus; Nugroho, Rudi
Jurnal Air Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Air Indonesia
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (113.215 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jai.v3i2.2335

Abstract

A preliminary assessment of an application of sewerage system with Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Down flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) technology was conducted inNorth Bogor. The Problem which often emerge in management of domestic wastewater is the limited land area and fund to built and operate a wastewater treatment facility. To overcome such problem, it is needed to develop a cheap wastewater treatment technology with high efficiency, easy to operate and also should be compact. The combination technology of UASB and DHS is proposed as an economic wastewater treatment which  easy to handling. Therefore, to make sure that the technology is feasible or not to be built inNorth Bogor, there is need the preliminary assessment. The assessment was conducted through a survey of technical and social economic aspect. The results show that sewerage system using UASB and DHS technology is feasible. Key word: domestic wastewater, upflow anaerobik sludge blanket, downflow hanging sponge, preliminary assessment.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PERCETAKAN UANG KERTAS (UTAS) MENGGUNAKAN PROSES BIOLOGIS ANAEROB Nugroho, Rudi; Mahmud, Ikbal; Sulasmi, Nurtya
Jurnal Air Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 1 (2008): Jurnal Air Indonesia
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (369.455 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jai.v4i1.2368

Abstract

A research of wastewater treatment technology come from money producing industry was conducted in laboratory scale using 10 lt of Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactor. The money producing wastewater was treated by mixing with domestic wastewater with various compositions. The wastewater was fed into the bioreactor by draw and fill daily.The results show that the optimum of COD removal is 52,5%, optimum loading is 0, 95 g-COD/l/day and optimum flowrate is 0,5 l/day. The optimum compossition of money producing wastewater towards domestic wastewater is 30%. These optimum conditions can be used as a designed criteria for full scale of anaerobic bioreactor in the money producing industry. Katakunci : Wastewater, Anaerobic, Fixed Bed Reactor
EFFECT OF NITRITE ON DENITRIFICATION OF WASTEWATER BY AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA Nugroho, Rudi
Jurnal Air Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 2 (2006): Jurnal Air Indonesia
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (158.885 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jai.v2i2.2306

Abstract

Effect of nitrite on denitrification of synthetic wastewater using autotrophic bacteria was evaluated in both batch suspension and continuous packed column runs. Emphasis was placed to clarify the minimum concentrations of nitrite and nitrous acid that inhibit the denitrification rates. Batch suspension runs were conducted by mixing acclimatized denitrification sludge and synthetic wastewater in an Erlenmeyer flask. In continuous runs, denitrification sludge was loaded to a column packed with sulfur and limestone. The nitrite inhibition could be explained satisfactorily by substrate non-competitive inhibition model. The minimum concentration of nitrite which inhibits the nitrate and nitrite removal rate lowered with decreasing pH. In suspension runs, the minimum concentration of nitrous acid which inhibited the nitrite removal rate was 0.043 g-N/m3, while the nitrate removal rates was inhibited below 0.012 g-N/m3.  Both in suspension and continuous packed column runs, nitrate removal was more sensitive against nitrite increase compared with nitrite removal. The minimum concentration of nitrite which inhibited nitrate removal rate in continuous packed column runs was lower than that in suspension runs.  Keywords:Autotrophic bacteria, denitrification, inhibition, nitrite, sulfur 
PEMASYARAKATAN DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH UNTUK MENGANTISIPASI KELANGKAAN AIR AKIBAT PERUBAHAN IKLIM GLOBAL Nugroho, Rudi
Jurnal Air Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2014): Jurnal Air Indonesia
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (274.228 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jai.v7i1.2392

Abstract

Climate change has impact on many sectors in the earth such as on the water resources sector. For example, the occurrence of floods and droughts in Indonesia that needs to be anticipated.  In the Technology Needs Assessment document of the Republic of Indonesia, there are three priorities technology of the water sector to anticipate the climate change. One of the technologies is recycling domestic wastewater. The recycling of waste water can be done through two consecutive stages. First, wastewater treatment processes itself to produce the quality standard limits allowed to be discharged into the environment.  Second is processing the treated wastewater till the product water can be used for particular purpose. There are many technologies can be used for water recycling process. Selection of technology depends on the type of waste water and product water quality targets. The utilization of recycled water in the community is still very little due to the barriers of technical and non-technical factors (social, economic, regulatory and others) which need to be anticipated along. Technical barrier include technology that is relatively more expensive to treat wastewater into products that can be utilized. While the non-technical barrier is many people are still reluctant to use the recycled water due to psychological factors. Therefore sosialization of waste water recycling to be expected can eliminate such barriers.   Keywords: Water recycling, domestic waste, global climate change.
PERCOBAAN APLIKASI PEMBANGKIT GELEMBUNG MIKRO UNTUK MENURUNKAN KANDUNGAN ZAT BESI DALAM AIR TANAH Indriatmoko, Robertus Haryoto; Herlambang, Arie; Nugroho, Rudi
Jurnal Air Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2018): Jurnal Air Indonesia
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (753.802 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jai.v10i1.3749

Abstract

Penggunaan air tanah sebagai sumber air bersih untuk digunakan sebagai air minum sering terkendala oleh kualitas air mengandung besi terlarut yang cukup tinggi. Kandungan zat besi diatas 0,3 ppm menyebabkan sumber air tersebut tidak layak digunakan sebagai sumber air baku air bersih dan untuk kandungan besi diatas 0,05 ppm menyebabkan sumber tersebut tidak layak digunakan sebagai sumber air minum.  Air baku dengan kualitas seperti itu sebaiknya dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu.  Air tanah yang berasal dari daerah vulkanik aktif dengan batuannya banyak mengandung zat besi terutama dari daerah yang sering mengalami perendaman air seperti daerah bekas sawah atau bekas rawa. Proses kimiawi yang bekerja di wilayah ini tersebut pada umumnya adalah proses reduksi. Pada umumnya besi yang ada terlarut dalam air adalah sebagai Fe2+ atau Fe3+, dalam ikatan kimia sebagai Fe2O3, Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 ataunFeSO4. Setelah dilakukan ekploitasi atau pengambilan air tanah dan air baku tersebut mengalami kontak langsung dengan udara, maka akan berwana kecoklatan, berbau amis seperti karat besi. Ada tiga cara penurunan zat besi dalam air yaitu dengan cara 1. Aerasi, 2. Sedimentasi dan 3. Filtrasi. Dalam percobaan ini proses penurunan zat besi dilakukan dengan cara aerasi yaitu dengan mengaplikasikan penggunaan gelembung mikro yang dihasilkan dari generator pembangkit gelembung mikro dan dengan filtrasi. Pembangkit gelembung micro ini dibangkitkan oleh pompa KTN Merk Nikuni menghasilkan gelembung udara dengan diameter 20 micron yang digunakan sebagai bahan oksidator untuk air baku mengandung besi. Setelah proses oksidasi berlangsung dalam periode waktu tertentu kemudian disaring dan diukur sisa kandungannya. Hasil percobaanadalah pada kandungan besi dalam air baku sebesar 1,16 ppm yang direaksikan dalam sebuah reactor maka efisiensi oksidasi dapat dicapai dengan baik dan berhasil menambah kelarutan oksigen dalam air sebesar 71-80 % dan menurunkan zat besi dalam air baku sampai mencapai 38-56 % pada pH 7. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil melalui percobaan ini adalah bahwa generator gelembung mikro mampu digunakan sebagai sebuah cara untuk mengoksidasi zat besi terlarut dalam air baku dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sebuah cara untuk meningkatkan kandungan oksigen terlarut air baku.Kata kunci: air tanah, zat besi terlarut, pembangkit gelembung mikro, oksidasi
Co-Authors agus rifai Arie Herlambang Dewanti, Dian Purwitasari Febriyanto, Irhan Firman Laili Sahwan Fujita, Hiroyuki Garno, Yudhi Soetrisno Hanies Ambarsari Honda, Katsuhisa Ikbal Ikbal Ma'rufatin, Anies Mahmud, Ikbal Manurung, Brian Saputra Muhammad Hanif Nurtya Sulasmi Nusa Idaman Said Robertus Haryoto Indriatmoko Satmoko Yudo Setiyono Setiyono Shoiful, Ahmad Sri Wahyono Suciati, Fuzi Suryanto, Feddy Syah, Iman wahyu widayat Wiharja Wiharja