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CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL RECOGNITION OVER TRADITIONAL ADAT COMMUNITY WITHIN THE MULTICULTURAL COUNTRY OF INDONESIA : IS IT A GENUINE OR PSEUDO RECOGNITION? Nurjaya, I Nyoman
Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan) Vol 2, No 6 (2014): PLURALISME HUKUM
Publisher : Jurnal IUS

Indonesia is well known as a multicultural country in Southeast Asia in term of its ethnic,religion, racial and social stratification. It is Unity in Diversity, which is reflected in the officialmotto of the State to describe the social and cultural diversity of Indonesia. The diversity refers to a cultural configuration which reflects the National identity of Indonesia, containing cultural capital and cultural power. However, cultural diversity yields conflict that could potentially generate social disintegration due to inter-ethnic and inter-religious disputes that may result in the disintegration of Indonesia as a Nation State. In the eyes of legal anthropologists, sources of conflicts are based on discriminatory policies expressed within Stateâs law and legislations in line to the recognition and protection the existence of local communities, namely traditional adat communities spread out in the region. Thus, State laws enacted and enforced by the Government tend to dominate and marginalize as well as ignore the rights of the local communities particularly over access and control natural resources they based on customary adat law in the region. The paper attempts to offer an answer to the fundamental question whether the 1945 Constitution recognise and protect the traditional communities and their customary adat law by employing a legal anthropological approach with the purpose of obtaining a better understanding regarding the development of State lawin a multicultural Nation toward a more just and equitable State law of Indonesia.Keywords : Multicultural, Unity in Diversity, Conflict, Anthropological Approach

Is The Constitutional And Legal Recognition Of Traditional Community Laws Within The Multicultural Country Of Indonesia A Genuine Or Pseudo Recognition? Nurjaya, I Nyoman
Constitutional Review Vol 1, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Indonesia is well known amongst Southeast Asian countries for it multi- cultural identity in terms of ethnicity, religion, race and social stratification. Indonesia embodies its motto of Unity in Diversity, which refers to the culturally rich configuration of Indonesia, containing cultural capital and cultural power. However, cultural diversity also yields conflict due to inter-ethnic and inter- religious disputes that have the potential to generate social disintegration and even threaten the fragmentation of Â Indonesia as a Nation Â State. Â In the eyes Â Â of legal anthropologists, sources of conflict are often based on discriminatory policies expressed within the Stateâs law and legislation with regard to the recognition and protection of local communities across the country, namely âadatâ communities practising traditional, customary law, known as âadatâ. Thus, State laws enacted and enforced by the Government tend to dominate and marginalise, even ignore the rights of Â the local communities, particularly regarding access Â to and control over natural resources, which is otherwise governed by the adat law of the region. This paper attempts to offer an answer to the fundamental question of whether the 1945 Constitution recognises and protects the traditional communities and their adat laws by employing a legal anthropological approach, with the purpose of obtaining a better understanding of development of State law in a multicultural Nation and looking towards a more just and equitable Indonesian State law.

Judicial Preview on the Bill on International Treaty Ratification Sidharta, Noor; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; Nurjaya, I Nyoman; Sugiri, Bambang
Constitutional Review Vol 3, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

This research is aimed to find and introduce a new idea on the state administration, which has implications on the international treaty ratification procedure followed by Indonesia and additional authorizations of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. The judicial preview in this research is an international treaty examination procedure by the Constitutional Court before an international treaty is transformed into a law, i.e. such international treaty is a Bill. The judicial preview shall have different terms in each country, such as Review ex ante, abstract review, judicial review. This procedure is applied when an international treaty has not been validated as a countryâs national law. The benefits of a judicial preview shall be a solution to connect an ambiguity between the state administrative law and international law. The judicial preview is also the inter-state institutions real check and balance on the international treaty. Out of benchmarking results of four countries following the monism doctrine, i.e. Russia, Germany, France, and Italty and two countries following the dualism doctrine, i.e. Hungary and Ecuador, several additional authorizations of the Constitutional Court shall be summarized, i.e. via the Amendment of 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and/or regulations via laws. If both manners are not possible, the Constitutional Court may apply the judicial preview as a state administrative practice. An international treaty draft, which has passed through the judicial preview, may not be submitted to the Constitutional Court to be performed a judicial review, unless 5 (five) year-period has passed since the bill is enacted as a law.

The Criticism on the Meaning of âOpen Legal Policyâ in Verdicts of Judicial Review at the Constitutional Court Mardian Wibowo Wibowo, Mardian; Nurjaya, I Nyoman; Safaat, Muchammad Ali
Constitutional Review Vol 3, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

In several verdicts of judicial review, the Constitutional Court formulates a concept of Open Legal Policy. The concept begins from a condition when a norm of law submitted to judicial review by the 1945 Constitution does not have reference in the 1945 Constitution. In other words, the open legal policy is a condition when the Constitutional Court cannot find any reference for the norm submitted to the judicial review. By using a construction method, this present research tries to find the meaning of a concept of open legal policy arranged by the Constitutional Court, then assessing whether the concept is in line with the spirit of judicial review. If the formulation of the concept done by the Constitutional Court has not been ideal, the deconstruction will be conducted toward the meaning that already exists until the open legal policy ideal with the perspective of the constitution is found. In this research, the finding shows different meaning of open legal policy between various verdicts of the Constitutional Court. Moreover, a new meaning is proposed including improvement of criteria of the open legal policy based on the difference between the object of regulation (what) and the content of the regulation (how).

RADICALIZATION IN THE TEACHING RELIGION AND ITS RELATIONS WITH CRIMINAL ACTS OF TERRORISM Hasibuan, Hoiruddin; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; Nurjaya, I Nyoman; Sugiri, Bambang
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Law and Sustainable Development
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

The criminal act of terrorism is a crime against humanity, human civilization and constitute a serious threat to the integrity and sovereignty of a nation. In fact, terrorism can be a threat to a state security and sovereignty as well as world peace.It is argued that one of the main causes of criminal acts of terrorism is radicalization. Thus, this paper seeks to analyze the casual link between radicalization and terrorism. This paper determines to what extent does the radicalization affected the criminal acts of terrorism. This research uses a juridical normative method by analyzing legal instruments relating to terrorism and seeks to analyze the reason behind the provided rules.This paper submitted that while radicalization affected terrorism, de-radicalization is urgent in responding to terrorism. This paper also proposes how de-radicalization works in preventing terrorism.

The Principle of Independence of the Notary as a General Officer in Cooperation Agreements with Private Banks Semadi, I Komang Yoga; Nurjaya, I Nyoman; Sulistyarini, Rachmi
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 4, No 4 (2021): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v4i4.3278

This thesis is entitled "Principles of Independence as a General Officer in Cooperation Agreements with Private Banks" with 3 (three) main issues, namely: (1) What is the meaning of the Notary's Independence in exercising his authority as a Public Official based on Article 16 paragraph (1) letter a UUJN? (2) How is the urgency of the regulation related to the meaning of the Notary's Independence in carrying out his authority as a Public Official? (3) Is the â€œfirst party interestâ€ clause in the cooperation agreement with Private Banks part of the notary independence? This research is a type of legal research with normative juridical research methods. Besides, this research uses a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this thesis research indicate that the independence of a notary can be interpreted as a notary must work properly and professionally according to the provisions of the legislation without any influence and coercion from other parties. The urgency of this meaning of Notary independence is to create legal certainty and facilitate the determination of sanctions to Notaries who violate the principle of Notary independence. The urgency of the meaning of the principle of independence of a Notary is to provide legal certainty.

Tanggung Jawab Perdata Notaris terhadap Akta yang Dibacakan oleh Staf Notaris di Hadapan Penghadap Muhammad Tiantanik Citra Mido; I Nyoman Nurjaya; Rachmad Safa’at
Lentera Hukum Vol 5 No 1 (2018): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v5i1.6288

A notary in exercising powers to make an authentic deed is required to read it before an interlocutor as it is set in Article 16 paragraph (1) letter (m) Notary Act. The problem that arises is that, in some cases, notaries are not the only persons who exercise such duties. In fact, such role is often replaced by their staffs on duties entitled to them. It asserts that Notary Act is not extremely obeyed with following effects of the absence of laws in Notary Act which is specifically dealt with the role of notary’s staffs. This study uses empirical legal research with sociological jurisprudence approach. The result shows that a notary has attributive powers from Notary Act which is granted rights or powers to authorize staffs to act and exercize notary’s duties. To adhere with this view, a notary deed is seen as a perfect evidence if a notary did not accomplish certain procedures. However, if a notary cannot prove it, the declaration of a privately made deed should be made by judges of the courts. If there is any disadvantage as the result of deed read by staffs, a notary can be sued in the courts to provide compensation or certain terms as constituted in Article 1365 of the Civil Code, including maerial and immaterial compensations. Keywords: Civil Liability, Notary, Notary Staffs, Deed

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL RECOGNITION OVER TRADITIONAL ADAT COMMUNITY WITHIN THE MULTICULTURAL COUNTRY OF INDONESIA: IS IT A GENUINE OR PSEUDO RECOGNITION I Nyoman Nurjaya
Perspektif Vol 20, No 2 (2015): Edisi Mei
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University

Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara multikultural di Asia Tenggara dalam faktor etnis, agama, ras dan stratifikasi sosial. Hal ini Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, yang tercermin dalam semboyan resmi negara untuk menggambarkan keragaman sosial dan budaya Indonesia. Keragaman mengacu pada konfigurasi budaya yang mencerminkan identitas Nasional Indonesia, mengandung modal budaya dan kekuatan budaya. Namun, keragaman budaya menghasilkan konflik yang berpotensi menghasilkan disintegrasi sosial akibat perselisihan antar-etnis dan antar agama yang dapat mengakibatkan disintegrasi Indonesia sebagai Bangsa. Pandangan dari antropolog hukum, sumber konflik didasarkan pada kebijakan diskriminatif yang menyatakan bahwa hukum negara dan peraturan perundang-undangan sesuai dengan pengakuan dan perlindungan eksistensi masyarakat lokal, yaitu masyarakat adat tradisional tersebar di wilayah tersebut. Dengan demikian, undang-undang negara disahkan dan diberlakukan oleh emerintah cenderung mendominasi dan meminggirkan serta mengabaikan hak-hak masyarakat lokal, khususnya atas akses dan kontrol sumber daya alam mereka bergantung berdasarkan hukum adat di wilayah tersebut. Penulisan ini mencoba untuk menawarkan jawaban atas pertanyaan mendasar apakah UUD 1945 mengakui dan melindungi masyarakat tradisional dan hukum adat mereka dengan menggunakan pendekatan antropologi hukum dengan tujuan mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai perkembangan hukum negara dalam negara multikultural menuju hukum yang lebih adil dan merata di Negara Indonesia.Indonesia is well known as a multicultural country in Southeast Asia in term of its ethnic, religion, racial and social stratification. It is Unity in Diversity, which is reflected in the official motto of the State to describe the social and cultural diversity of Indonesia. The diversity refers to a cultural configuration which reflects the National identity of Indonesia, containing cultural capital and cultural power. However, cultural diversity yields conflict that could potentially generate social disintegration due to inter-ethnic and inter-religious disputes that may result in the disintegration of Indonesia as a Nation State. In the eyes of legal anthropologists, sources of conflicts are based on discriminatory policies expressed within State’s law and legislations in line to the recognition and protection the existence of local communities, namely traditional adat communities spread out in the region. Thus, State laws enacted and enforced by the Government tend to dominate and marginalize as well as ignore the rights of the local communities particularly over access and control natural resources they depend on based on customary adat law in the region. The paper attempts to offer an answer to the fundamental question whether the 1945 Constitution recognises and protects the traditional communities and their customary adat law by employing a legal anthropological approach with the purpose of obtaining a better understanding regarding the development of State law in a multicultural Nation toward a more just and equitable State law of Indonesia.

SUSTAINABLE CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE FATE OF BALINESE ADAT VILLAGE POSTERIOR THE ENACTMENT OF LAW NUMBER 6 YEAR 2014 CONCERNING VILLAGE I Nyoman Nurjaya
Perspektif Vol 20, No 3 (2015): Edisi September
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University

Pengakuan keberadaan masyarakat adat sangat tergantung pada kehendak pemerintah yang berkuasa. Pemerintah Desa sebagaimana dirumuskan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa serta Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 43 Tahun 2014 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 telah secara alami menjadi hukum birokrasi dan pejabat bahwa desa diatur dalam sistem pemerintah daerah di bawah pengawasan hukum negara. Dalam kasus Bali dan pemerintah daerah Bali, terdapat konsekuensi hukum dengan nasib dan masa depan keberadaan dan kehidupan desa adat/desa pakraman sebagai sistem sosial dan budaya masyarakat Hindu, yaitu hukum berdasarkan dari pakraman pembangunan desa adat/desa tidak akan tetap menjadi awig-awig sebagai hukum adat masyarakat tradisional Bali; filsafat dan esensi, fungsi dan peran desa adat/desa pakraman berubah secara fisik serta mengakhiri dan hilangnya komunitas kehidupan masyarakat Bali; adat tradisional dan sistem pemerintahan harus berubah sesuai dengan sistem pemerintahan desa dinas (Kelurahan); di satu desa sisi adat/desa pakraman harus mengatur urusan administrasi dan birokrasi di bawah struktur pemerintah daerah, dan di sisi lain desa adat adalah pada saat yang sama yang bertanggungjawab untuk mengatur dan bertanggungjawab tentang budaya, tradisi dan ritual adat serta sebagai urusan agama Hindu, pemandangan desa pakraman adat/desa harus benar-benar diabaikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari desa Bali dan masyarakat.The recognition of indigenous peoples existence is very dependent on the will of the Government. The village government as formulated in Act number 6/2014 of the village, as well as Government Regulation number 43/2014 about Implementation of the Act number 6/2014 has naturally become a bureaucratic and legal officials law, that the village is set in the system of local government under the supervision of State law. In the case of Bali and the local Government of Bali, there is legal consequences with the fate and the future existence and life of indigenous village/pakraman village as a social and cultural system of the Hindu society, it is the law on the development basis of the indigenous village/pakraman village will not remain be ”the awig-awig” as Balinese traditional society customary law; philosophy and the essence, function and role of the indigenous village/pakraman village changed physically as well as community life of Balinese people loss; traditional customs and Government system should be changed in accordance with the system of the village Government; on one side the customs affairs village should organize pakraman village administration and bureaucracy under the structure of local governments, and on the other hand the indigenous village is at the same time responsible to organize and responsible about the culture, traditions, customs and ritual as Hindu affairs, village understanding of pakraman village customs and traditions should be completely ignored in Balinese village daily community life.

MEMAHAMI KEDUDUKAN DAN KAPASITAS HUKUM ADAT DALAM POLITIK PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM NASIONAL I Nyoman Nurjaya
Perspektif Vol 16, No 4 (2011): Edisi September
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University

Indonesia telah dikenal sebagai negara yang memiliki keragaman budaya, tercermin dari kekayaan budaya yang meliputi kebhinnekaan suku bangsa, agama, bahasa, dan juga keragaman stratifikasi kehidupan sosial masyarakatnya. Motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika merupakan refleksi empirik dari keragaman kehidupan sosial dan budaya yang membentuk identitas bangsa Indonesia. Hukum adat adalah salah satu dari produk budaya bangsa Indonesia, khususnya kebudayaan idiil, yang membentuk identitas hukum asli masyarakat Indonesia. Dalam kaitan dengan kebijakan pembangunan hukum nasional semestinya hukum adat menjadi referensi yang patut diperhitungkan untuk memperkaya substansi hukum nasional, karena fakta kemajemukan hukum dalam masyarakat adalah keniscayaan yang tidak dapat dipungkiri dalam dalam kehidupan hukum di Indonesia. Artikel ini mencoba untuk memberi pemahaman yang lebih holistik mengenai kedudukan dan kapasitas hukum dalam kebijakan pembangunan hukum nasional dalam negara dan bangsa yang bercorak kemajemukan budaya.Indonesia has been well known as a multicultural country inSoutheast Asiaregion in term of its ethnic, religion, racial and social stratification. It is, therefore, Unity in Diversity is reflected as an official motto of the State in order to describe the empirical social and cultural diversity ofIndonesia. The diversity refers to a cultural configuration which reflect the Nation identity ofIndonesia, forming elements of cultural capital as well as cultural power that generate the life of Nation State of Indonesia. In the effort of National Law development then questioned whether the existence of adat law as living law and product of culture can be accounted as instrument for enriching substance of National Law? The article attempts to offer answer of the above fundamental question by employing legal anthropology approach with the purpose of obtaining a better understanding holistically regarding the development of National law in multicultural country toward a more just and equitable of State law ofIndonesiain particular.

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