In order to achieve universal health coverage by 2019, BPJS Kesehatan needs to involve all people to become members of National Health Insurance (NHI). This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of the increase in membership group of fishermen with non recipient contribution (Non PBI) in the National Health Insurance. This was an observational research method which was used to observe the phenomenon of BPJS Kesehatan membership of a group of fishermen. The type of this study was cross-sectional study design because the data was taken at a certain time which was in the year 2014. The research location was in several cities in Indonesia including Jember City, East Java Province, Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan Province; and Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province. Respondents who participated in NHI as Non PBI was 15 people (9.6%). The lack of NHI participants caused by several aspects such as the difficulties of procedure, registration place and also premium payment place. There is also assumption that there is still cost sharing for NHI member when having a service from health service. The knowledge of respondents associated with the registration procedure was 47.8%, and the information about NHIâs socialization from television was 62.8%. Enhancement of membership could be implemented by doing more often socialization of program and also easier procedure to register and pay the fee.Keywords: National Health Insurance, membership, non premium assistance, informal sectorsAbstrakDalam rangka mencapai universal health coverage pada tahun 2019, Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan perlu melibatkan semua kalangan untuk menjadi anggota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme peningkatan kepesertaan kelompok nelayan non Penerima Bantuan Iuran (PBI) dalam Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Metode penelitian ini adalah observasional dimana digunakan untuk melihat fenomena kepesertaan BPJS Kesehatan dari kelompok nelayan. Rancangan penelitian secara potong lintang karena data diambil pada kurun waktu tertentu yakni pada tahun 2014. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di beberapa kota di Indonesia diantaranya adalah Kabupaten Jember di Provinsi Jawa Timur, Kota Balikpapan di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dan Kota Makassar di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Responden yang menjadi peserta BPJS Kesehatan Non PBI sebanyak 15 orang (9,6%). Minimnya peserta BPJS Kesehatan disebabkan berbagai hal diantaranya antara lain prosedur dan tempat pendaftaran, pembayaran premi yang masih menyulitkan, serta anggapan masih ada biaya tambahan pada pelayanan kesehatan bagi peserta BPJS Kesehatan. Pengetahuan responden terkait prosedur pendaftaran sebesar 47,8%, dan pengetahuan tentang sosialisasi BPJS kesehatan didapatkan dari media televisi sebesar 62,8%. Peningkatan kepesertaan BPJS Kesehatan dapat dilakukan dengan cara sosialisasi BPJS Kesehatan yang lebih sering serta cara pendaftaran dan pembayaran premi yang lebih mudah.Kata kunci: Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, keanggotaan, non penerima bantuan iuran, sektor informalÂ