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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTIVITY OF TWO INDONESIAN VARIETIES OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.) Yudiyanto, Yudiyanto; Rizali, Akhmad; Munif, Abdul; Setiadi, Dede; Qayim, Ibnul
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 36, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya and Indonesian Agronomic Assossiation

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Black pepper plantation area in Lampung province (the biggest producer area within Indonesia) has decreased from time to time, which might be related to unfavourable environmental condition. The aim of this study was to assess which environmental factors are positively or negatively correlated with productivity in particular yield of two local varieties of black pepper plant (Natar 1 and Natar 2) in Lampung province.Â Two observational studies were carried out in the present study i.e. phenological development and productivity of black pepper productivity in related to various environmental factors. Our results showed that productivity of two varieties were significantly affected rainfall, light intensity and micro humidity. Dry matter yield was positively correlated with rainfall, both in Natar 1 and Natar 2. It was concluded that among environmental factors affecting productivity of black pepper, rainfall intensity was the most influencing factor with a positive relationship with the productivity.Keywords: Black pepper, climate, cultivar, environment, Indonesia

FENOLOGI DAN DINAMIKA KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL PADA PEMBUNGAAN DUA SPESIES BELIMBING HUTAN (Averrhoa dolichocarpa DAN Averrhoa leucopetala) Mangunah, Mangunah; Qayim, Ibnul; Astuti, Inggit Puji
Buletin Kebun Raya Vol 16, No 2 (2013): Buletin Kebun Raya Vol. 16 (2) Juli 2013
Publisher : Center for Plant Conservation Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

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Averrhoa dolichocarpa is a wild starfruit from Papua and Averrhoa leucopetala is a wild starfruit from Gorontalo. Both starfruits have unique characters of the leaves, inflorescence, flowers, and fruits. The study was conducted from February 2012 to May 2012 by observing the wild starfruits collections of Bogor Botanical Garden. Innitiation of Averrhoa dolichocarpa inflorescence takes 8-14 days, the small bud growing in 11-15 days, after one day the large bud will open and the anthesis last after 3 days. The fruit will develop and mature after 40-45 days. The flower and fruit drop rate is quite high, mostly caused by strong wind. The chlorophyll content of the leaves are very dynamic and influence by the environment and the wide of the canopy. Whereas initiation of Averrhoa leucopetala inflorescence needs 30-34 days, the small bud growing in 12-15 days, the large flower bud will open after 1 day, anthesis last after 5 days, and the fruit development needs 40-42 days to mature. Anthesis of the flowers occurred at 4:00 to 6:00 a.m. The flower and fruit drop rate is also quite high. The chlorophyll content is more static and tends to increase when the fruit developed.

FENOLOGI DAN DINAMIKA KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL PADA PEMBUNGAAN DUA SPESIES BELIMBING HUTAN (Averrhoa dolichocarpa DAN Averrhoa leucopetala) Mangunah, Mangunah; Qayim, Ibnul; Astuti, Inggit Puji
Buletin Kebun Raya Vol 16, No 2 (2013): Buletin Kebun Raya Vol. 16 (2) July 2013
Publisher : Center for Plant Conservation Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

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Averrhoa dolichocarpa is a wild starfruit from Papua and Averrhoa leucopetala is a wild starfruit from Gorontalo. Both starfruits have unique characters of the leaves, inflorescence, flowers, and fruits. The study was conducted from February 2012 to May 2012 by observing the wild starfruits collections of Bogor Botanical Garden. Innitiation of Averrhoa dolichocarpa inflorescence takes 8-14 days, the small bud growing in 11-15 days, after one day the large bud will open and the anthesis last after 3 days. The fruit will develop and mature after 40-45 days. The flower and fruit drop rate is quite high, mostly caused by strong wind. The chlorophyll content of the leaves are very dynamic and influence by the environment and the wide of the canopy. Whereas initiation of Averrhoa leucopetala inflorescence needs 30-34 days, the small bud growing in 12-15 days, the large flower bud will open after 1 day, anthesis last after 5 days, and the fruit development needs 40-42 days to mature. Anthesis of the flowers occurred at 4:00 to 6:00 a.m. The flower and fruit drop rate is also quite high. The chlorophyll content is more static and tends to increase when the fruit developed.

Traditional Knowledge on The Animal Utilization by The Hatam Tribe of Manokwari, West Papua Province Sutarno, Simon; Qayim, Ibnul; Muhadiono, Ignatius; Purwanto, Yohanes; Zuhud, Ervizal A. M.
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.9441

Animal utilization in traditional community life is an integral part of traditional knowledge itself. This research aims to reveal the Hatam peoples traditional knowledge about the utilization of animals in their lives. The method used is the exploratory survey method. The respondents were determined purposively using the snowball sampling technique. The results showed that there are at least 55 species of animals commonly used by the Hatam people. Based on the forms of utilization, the animals can be divided into six groups: consumption, traditional medicine, specific meanings, traditional technology and arts, significant value, and traditional purposes. Wild animals are most widely used for the living needs of the Hatam people. The traditional hunt that is limited and the communal land ownership system (ulayat system) practiced by the Hatam people have indirectly helped preserve and ensure the availability of wildlife for the Hatam peoples needs. In addition to being a form of documentation of Hatam peoples traditional knowledge, the results of this research also have significance for the development of science especially in the field of ethnozoology. The form of interaction between Hatam people and animals revealed in this research can also serve as a reference for designing development policies related to the presence of Hatam people in the Arfak mountains.

PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR DAN KEPADATAN TRIKOMATA NON GLANDULER SERTA LUAS DAUN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) PADA PERLAKUAN STRES KEKURANGAN AIR Prihastanti, Erma; T, Soekisman; Soepandi, Didie; Qayim, Ibnul
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 17 Issue 1 Year 2009
Publisher : JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA

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ABSTRACT--CacaoÂ is the oneÂ importantÂ crop in Indonesia. WaterÂ stressÂ is perhapsÂ the major factorÂ limitingÂ crop growth. Plant responses to water stressÂ include morphological of biochemical changes. This reserch was aimed studyingÂ strtructure and density of non glanduler Â trichomes, and leaf area on cacao leaves on drought experiment.Â The drought studies used throughfall displacment experimentÂ (TDE). The result show that cacao leaves have non glanduler trichomes type stellat. Non Glanduler trichomes were distributed throughtout the vein of leaves with distribution in abaxial parts of the leaves. TDE give non significant effect to trichomes density and Ieaf area. The highest trichomesÂ happenedÂ on March 2008Â 6.9861/cm2. Leaf area on shade IeavesÂ (273,56 cm2) more higher than sun leavesÂ (235,50 cm2). Keyword : TrichomesÂ nonÂ glanduler, cacao leaves, leaf area

Soil Seed Bank of Two Karst Ecosystems in Bogor, Indonesia: Similarity with the Aboveground Vegeta-tion and Its Restoration Potential Putri, Winda Utami; Qayim, Ibnul; Qadir, Abdul
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 7, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.03.07

Karst ecosystem in Bogor is currently threatened by mining activities. Restoration of the disturbed karst areas is urgently required. Seed banks are considered as an important potential seed sources for restoration. This study was conducted to quantify the composition and species diversity of the aboveground vegetation and the seed bank. The study determined the correspondence between the seed bank with the aboveground vegetation in relation with ecosystem restoration. Twenty 6 m Ã— 6 m vegetation plots were established. A total of sixty soil samples were taken from the study sites. The seed bank was studied using germination experiment. All plant species in the vegetation plots and seedlings growing from all soil samples were identified and the number was counted to determine the composition, index of diversity, and index of similarity. There were 80 species from 41 families found in the seed bank in Mt. Nyungcung, dominated by Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae), whereas 50 species from 29 families found in Mt. Kapur with Cecropia peltata (Urticaceae) dominated the site. Diversity index of Mt. Nyungcung and Mt. Kapur seed banks were 2.09 Â± 0.21 and 1.78 Â± 0.47 respectively. The similarity index between seed bank and the aboveground vegetation in the two study sites were 32.86% and 27.66% respectively. Mt. Nyungcung seed bank was more diverse than Mt. Kapur. The similarity between the seed bank with the aboveground vegetation in the two study sites were low. Further assessment is needed to determine the role of the seed bank of Mt. Nyungcung and Mt. Kapur in the restoration of the ecosystems.

Litter Decomposition Rate of Karst Ecosystem at Gunung Cibodas, Ciampea Bogor Indonesia Sari, Sethyo Vieni; Qayim, Ibnul; Hilwan, Iwan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 6, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.02.08

The study aims to know the productivity of litter and litter decomposition rate in karst ecosystem. This study was conducted on three altitude of 200 meter above sea level (masl), 250 masl and 300 masl in karst ecosystem at Gunung Cibodas, Ciampea, Bogor. Litter productivity measurement performed using litter-trap method and litter-bag method was used to know the rate of decomposition. Litter productivity measurement results showed that the highest total of litter productivity measurement results was on altitude of 200 masl (90.452 tons/ha/year) and the lowest was on altitude of 300 masl (25.440 tons/ha/year). The litter productivity of leaves (81.425 ton/ha/year) showed the highest result than twigs (16.839 ton/ha/year), as well as flowers and fruits (27.839 ton/ha/year). The rate of decomposition was influenced by rainfall. The decomposition rate and the decrease of litter dry weight on altitude of 250 masl was faster than on the altitude of 200 masl and 300 masl. The dry weight was positively correlated to the rate of decomposition. The lower of dry weight would affect the rate of decomposition become slower. The average of litter C/N ratio were ranged from 28.024%--28.716% and categorized as moderate (>25). The finding indicate that the rate of decomposition in karst ecosystem at Gunung Cibodas was slow and based on C/N ratio of litter showed the mineralization process was also slow.

Karakteristik Lahan Bera Dengan Umur Berbeda dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Dekomposisi Serasah di Manokwari, Papua Barat Susanto, Slamet Arif; Qayim, Ibnul; Triadiati, Triadiati
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 45, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v45n2.2021.117-132

Abstrak. Karakteristik umur lahan bera memiliki peran penting dalam pengembalian hara melalui proses dekomposisi. Penelitian dekomposisi serasah dan cadangan karbon pada beberapa umur lahan bera telah dilakukan di Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat dari Juli 2020 sampai Januari 2021. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis proses dekomposisi in situ serasah daun vegetasi lokal pada beberapa umur lahan bera, serta mengukur cadangan karbon dari vegetasi masing-masing lahan bera. Setiap umur lahan bera dipasang sebanyak 18 kantung serasah yang masing-masingnya berisi 20 g serasah daun dari vegetasi lokal lahan bera. Sebanyak tiga kantung serasah diambil setiap bulan dari masing-masing umur lahan bera, kemudian dikeringkan hingga bobot kering konstan. Cadangan karbon biomassa vegetasi dianalisis menggunakan persamaan alometrik berdasarkan diameter pohon setinggi dada (dbh). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehilangan bobot serasah setelah 6 bulan dekomposisi pada lahan bera 5, 10, dan 15 tahun masing-masing mencapai 92,62%; 94,00%; dan 97,12%. Konstanta dekomposisi (tetapan kehilangan bobot serasah) pada lahan bera 5 dan 10 tahun tergolong rendah yakni 0,65 dan 0,94. Lahan bera 15 tahun memiliki konstanta dekomposisi yang tergolong sedang yakni 1,18. Cadangan karbon pada lahan bera 5, 10, dan 15 tahun masing-masing sebesar 7,57; 32,63; dan 141,33 ton/ha. Penurunan rasio C/N setelah 6 bulan dekomposisi pada lahan bera 5, 10, dan 15 tahun masing-masing sebesar 66,67%; 56,25%; dan 39,39%. Dekomposisi serasah pada lahan bera 5 tahun dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan, sedangkan pada lahan bera 15 tahun dipengaruhi oleh kelembapan tanah. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa umur lahan bera menyebabkan perbedaan komposisi vegetasi, sehingga berpengaruh pada proses dekomposisi dan banyaknya cadangan karbon.Â Abstract. The characteristics of the fallow land have an important role in the return of nutrients through decomposition process. Research on litter decomposition and carbon stock on different ages of fallow has been carried out in Manokwari, West Papua from July 2020 to January 2021. The aim of the study was to analyze the in situ decomposition process of leaves litterfall from local vegetation at several ages of fallow, and also measure the biomass carbon stock of each fallow land. A total 18 litterbags were installed, each containing 20 g leaves litterfall from the local vegetation of the fallow land. Three litter bags from each age fallow were taken every month and dried to constant mass. Biomass carbon stocks were analyzed using an allometric equation based on the diameter of the trees at breast height (dbh). The results showed that the litter mass loss at fallow 5, 10, and 15 years were 92.62%; 94.00%; and 97.12% respectively after 6-month decomposition. The slowest decay constants (constants of litter mass loss) were 0.65 and 0.94 at fallows 5 and 10 years respectively, whereas at fallow 15 years with k 1.18. Carbon stocks in fallow land of 5, 10, and 15 years were 7.57; 32.63; and 141.33 ton/ha, respectively. The decrease of C/N ratios at fallow 5, 10, and 15 years were 66.67%; 56.25%; and 39.39% respectively after 6 month decomposition. Litter decomposition was influenced by local rainfall on fallow land at 5 years old and soil moisture at 15 years old. This study indicates that the age of fallow lands lead to differences in the composition of vegetation, so that it affects decomposition process and the amount of carbon stocks.

Nitrogen Resorption and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cacao Agroforestry Systems Managed Differently in Central Sulawesi TRIADIATI TRIADIATI; SOEKISMAN TJITROSEMITO; EDI GUHARDJA; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO; IBNUL QAYIM; CHRISTOPH LEUSCHNER
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Cacao agroforestry is a traditional form of agriculture practiced by the people of Central Sulawesi. These agroforestry systems vary from a simple system following selective cutting of forest trees, to a more sophisticated planting design. The cacao was planted under remaining forest covers (CF1), under planted trees (CF2), and between shade trees Gliricidia sepium (CP). The objectives of this study were to quantify nitrogen use efficiency (N NUE) and nitrogen resorption in cacao agroforestry systems. The N NUE at the ecosystem scale (N NUEES) for the cacao agroforestry systems were compared with the natural forest. The results showed that CP produced the highest litterfall and cacao foliar nitrogen. CP and CF1 produced litterfall and the nitrogen resorption that not were significantly different. In contrast, CF2 produced the lowest litterfall, hence required lower nitrogen supply. The nitrogen resorption of CF2 was less than that of CF1 and CP. However, N NUE in cacao plant (N NUEC) of CF2 was higher than that of the CP. The N NUEES of either CF1 or CF2 were similar to that of the natural forest, but higher than that of the CP. Using shade trees in cacao plantations increased foliar nitrogen concentration, nitrogen resorption, N NUEC and N NUEES; thus, might be one reason for a higher productivity of cacao in unshaded systems. Key words: cacao agroforestry system, cacao foliar nitrogen, nitrogen resorption, N NUE

Kandungan, Resorpsi N dan P serta Specifi c Leaf Area Daun Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) pada Cekaman Kekeringan Erma Prihastanti; Soekisman Tjitrosemito; Didy Sopandie; Ibnul Qayim; Christoph Leuschner
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 39 No. 1 (2011): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Plant nutrient absorptions depend on their environment and plants’ stage of development. Beside from soil, nutrient absorption also proceed through resorption in leaves. The resorption efficiency varies based on types of habitat. Drought stress also influences the efficiency of nutrient resorption, growth rate, and plant development. The purpose of this research was to study the change of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content and leaf resorption value of N and P, and specific leaf area of 6-years old cacao grown under drought stress. Research was carried out in a cacao plantation with 7-years old Gliricidia sepium Jacq. as shading trees. The results showed that drought stress with Troughfall Displacement Experiment (TDE) system did not affect the content and resorption level of N and P of cacao leaves. However, N resorption of cacao leaves tended to increase while P resorption decreased. Cacao plants experienced drought stress have the ability to resorp leaf N for 46.64-50.63%, leaf P for 47.98-58.40%, whereas, the control plants had the leaf N resorption of 45.05-52.97%, and leaf P resorption of 36.64-44.10%. Drought stress for 13 months on 6-years old cacao did not affect specifi c leaf area.

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