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Penggunaan Substrat Glukosa Berbagai Konsentrasi sebagaiSumber Karbon Microbial Fuel Cell Saccharomyces cerevisiae untuk Menghasilkan Energi Listrik Nurhakim, Muhammad Amal; Kusdiyantini, Endang; Raharjo, Budi
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 18, No.2, Tahun 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (81.988 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.18.2.131-136

Abstract

The increases of human growth causes electrical energy demand’s expantion while the supply decreases drastically. Energy crisis had triggeredalternative renewable energy sourcesdevelopmentto substitutethe use ofoil that had beenmain energy resources for the people. Microorganisms utilization is used to produce electrical by researchers these years as an effort to actualize the goals. The system used is microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology which utilize metabolism activity from microorganisms to produce electrical energy. Microorganismswill perform metabolism bybreaking down glucose into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).Hydrogen has a role as raw material that used in reduction reaction with oxygen until it releases electron in anoda as electrical flows source. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an example microorganisms that can utilize for produce electrical energy. This research aims to  find optimal concentration for glucose as a carbon source in microbial fuel cell Saccharomyces cerevisiaeto form electrical energy. This research use S. cerevisiae as microorganisms and variation of glucose concentration as a carbon source. Parameters measured in this study is the voltage (mV) and current (mA). Research’s result shows that glucose in 10 % (w/v) concentrate forms higher results in voltage (mV) and current (mA) compare to glucose with 20% (w/v) concentrate and in the concentrate of 30% (w/v) which values each 561,833 mV and 105,133 mA. Analysis of variance with level of confidence 95% shows glucose concentrates don’t react significantly voltage but react significantly on current. Tukey HSD’s test show significant different between current that was formed by glucose in the concentrate of 10% (w/v) compared to glucose in the concentrate of 20% (w/v) and 30% (w/v).Keywords : Saccharomyces cerevisiae, microbial fuel cell (MFC), glucose, electrical energy
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN DALAM SUPERNATAN KULTUR Bacillus sp.2 DUCC-BR-KI.3 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK HORISONTAL BATANG JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) Pamungkas, Febriani Tri; Damranti, Sri; Raharjo, Budi
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 17 Issue 3 Year 2009
Publisher : JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA

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Abstract

ABSTRACT--Jarak pagar (J. curcas L.) is a plant whose the seed can produce oil or it is known as biodiesel. J.  curcas's oil is the source of alternative oil energti that can be renewable and environmentally safe. Another ways  to increase the production of J. curcas's oil is by improving its  productivity. This activity cannot be separated from the problem of supplying the seed. Stem cutting  is one of the most ways to provide the seed than another way. The growth of stem cutting can be stimulated by giving ZPT that is IAA both naturally and synthetically. Bacillus  sp.2  DUCC-BR-KL.3 supernatant culture that contain IAA can be one of naturally alternative hormone. The aims of this research was to study the effect of concentration and submersion period in Bacillus  sp.2 DUCC-BR-KL.3  supernatant culture to the growth of J. curcas L. hoizontal stem cutting. This experiment was  condueted in Plant's Biologi Structure and Function Laboratory, MIPA faculty, Diponegoro University. Experimental design used in this research is Completely Random  Design with Factorial pattern 5x4 by using 5 replications. The first factor was concentration, ie P0 (control), P1 (25%), P2 (50%), P3 (75%) and P4 (100%). The  second factor was submerged periods, i.e T1 (1 hour), T2 (2 hours), and T3 (3 hours). The data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis Test and ANOVA, if there are significantly  influence, were analyzed by using Duncan multiple range test with 95% confidence intevals that is in the variable of root lenght and weight of dry root. The result of this sudy showed that the giving of Bacillus sp.2 DUCC-BR-KL.3 supernatant culture influence to improve the bud and root growth of J. curcas L. Keywords :  Jatropha culcos L., supernalant, concentration, growth
Analisis Kandungan Kadmium (Cd) dalam Tanaman Bawang Merah dari Tegal Kusumaningrum, Hermin Pancasakti; Herusugondo, Herusugondo; Zainuri, Muhammad; Raharjo, Budi
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 20 Issue 4 Year 2012
Publisher : JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA

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Abstract

Ketergantungan pestisida pada sentra produksi bawang merah Kabupaten Tegal telah menimbulkan pencemaran logam berat kadmium (Cd) di dalam tanah dan tanaman bawang merah. Kadar logam tersebut telah melebihi ambang batas yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis kandungan kadmium pada akar, daun dan umbi tanaman bawang merah dari Tegal. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui analisis kandungan logam berat kadmium dalam tanaman bawang merah  dibandingkan dengan kontrol menggunakan metode spektrofotometri atom absorbansi (AAS). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kandungan kadmium pada umbi, daun dan akar bawang merah di Tegal pada umur 20 hari berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut 3,4805 mg/g; 4,1374 mg/g dan 7,9175 mg/g. Kandungan kadmium pada umbi, daun dan akar bawang merah umur 50 hari atau usia panen berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut 1,8331 mg/g; 1, 8331 mg/g dan 3,5323 mg/g. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan konsentrasi kadmium yang melampaui batas ambang aman bagi makanan, kesehatan dan lingkungan.    Pesticide dependence on onion production centers Tegal has caused heavy metal pollution of cadmium (Cd) in the soil and plant onions. This metal content exceeds the threshold that can impair human health. The purpose of this study was to analyze lead content in root, leaves and bulb of red onion from Tegal. Research methods to analyze the content of heavy metals in the soil compared to the control using atomic absorbance spectrophotometry (AAS). The research results showed lead content in roots, leaves and roots of onion at the age of 20 days in a row is as follows 3,4805 mg/g; 4,1374 mg/g and 7,9175 mg/g. The results obtained shows that cadmium concentrations exceed safe thresholds for food, health and the environment.
MIX CULTURE INOCULANT PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILYZING AND INDOLE ACETIC ACID (IAA) PRODUCER RHIZOBACTERIA WITH AMBARAWA PEAT SOIL RAWAPENING AS CARRIER Raharjo, Budi; Suprihadi, Agung
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 18 Issue 2 Year 2010
Publisher : JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA

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Abstract

ABSTRACT---Plant production development  is the main goals  that do for increase the farming quality to fulfill the man needed  in  food. One of the ways is intensive farming, by using organic or inorganic  fertilizer. Phosphate is the essential  for plants. IAA is the necessary plant regulator for the root. Both phosphate  and IAA need in  plant  growing  and production.  Biological  fertilizer  is  fertilizer  with  microbial  as the main material. Bacillus sp.DUCC-BR-K1.7, Bacillus sp. DUCC-BR-KI3, Bacillus sp.DUCC-BR-KI.2b  and Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobqcter vinelandii, Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter brazilensis are bacteria that can solubilization  the phosphate  and IAA  synthesize.  Those bacteria can be used as  inoculants or biological  fertilizer  that put on carrier. One way to support  the aim is giving  the altemative carrier with  suitable composition. The carrier should be support bacterial life  during the storage.  The aim ofthis  research  is find  ths right  consortia so can be used to optimized  viabilities  of  culture Bacillus  sp. DUCC-BR-KIJ,  Bacillus sp. DUCC-BR-K1.3, Bacillus sp. DUCC-BR-KI.2b, P. flourescens, A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii, Azospirillum  sp., and  A. brazilensis in mix  culture  on peat soil  as carrier. This research done in Microbiology Laboratory of Biology Department Diponegoro University. Subculture and activated culture in Nutrient  Broth medium, make the growth curve to the biomass production, make the inoculums, prepare the peat soil, biomass production and mixed biomass with  the carrier, enumeration bacterial culture viability  test in carrier during the storage  by TPC method.  The  results  show  that  all  consortia  culture  bacteria viabiliry Bacillus  sp. DUCC-BR-KI.3  with Azospirillum (A) and Bacillus  sp. DUCC-BR-K1.7, with P.  flourescens (B)  still viable and increasing number of population during seven weeks storage with  l0 t-n CFU/g at To and up to  l0 r3-ro CFU/g at  the end storage. The  consortium  C  between Bacillus  sp.  DUCC-BR-KI.2  b  and A-  brssilensis  increasing  the  number  of population  and  still viable during eight weeks  storage  (1013  - 1014  CFU/g).Key words: biofertilizer, peat soil, viability,  mix cultare, consortiumPermalink : http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/sm/article/view/3138
Pelarutan Fosfat Anorganik oleh Kultur Campur Jamur Pelarut Fosfat Secara In Vitro Raharjo, Budi
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 15 Issue 2 Year 2007
Publisher : JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK---Fosfat merupakan nutrient essensial yang diperlukan oleh tanaman dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Fosfat sebenarnya terdapat dalam jumlah yang melimpah dalam tanah, namun sekitar 95-99% terdapat dalam bentuk fosfat tidak terlarut sehingga tidak dapat digunakan oleh tanaman Upaya untuk mengatasi masalah ini, salah satunya adalah dengan pembuatan pupuk biologi dengan mikroba pelarut fosfat sebagai agen biofertilizer. Penelitian terdahulu, diperoleh isolat jamur pelarut fosfat dari sampel tanah gambut yang sudah teruji kemampuannya dalam melarutkan fosfat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh perbandingan isolat jamur pelarut fosfat yang tepat untuk digunakan sebagai formula kultur campur agar dapat melarutkan fosfat secara optimal, meningkatkan kemampuan jamur dalam melarutkan fosfat dengan adanya kerja yang sinergis dari jamur-jamur tersebut, menghasilkan pupuk biologi dengan mikroba sebagai agen biofertilizer. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan perlakuan perbandingan isolat jamur pelarut fosfat yaitu kultur jamur tunggal NSJ 1, NSJ 5, NSJ 6, kultur jamur campur NSJ 1-NSJ 5, NSJ 1-NSJ 6, NSJ 5-NSJ 6, NSJ 1-NSJ 5-NSJ 6 dan kontrol. Kontrol perlakuan digunakan medium uji Pikovskaya tanpa inokulasi jamur. Variabel yang diamati meliputi pH medium kultur, total konsentrasi fosfat yang terlarut. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Analisis data yang digunakan analisis sidik ragam (Ansira) dengan taraf kepercayaan 95 % untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Jika Fhitung> Ftabel dilakukan uji lanjut dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas pelarutan fosfat pada setiap perlakuan perbandingan isolat jamur F1-F7 secara umum terlihat pada perubahan medium Pikovskaya cair yang semula keruh menjadi bening. Aktivitas pelarutan fosfat mulai terlihat pada awal inkubasi (jam ke 0), dengan konsentrasi fosfat terlarut tertinggi 7,87 ppm yang dihasilkan oleh F5 dan terendah 5,33 ppm oleh F3. Konsentrasi fosfat terlarut menunjukkan penurunan setelah inkubasi 24 jam dengan memperlihatkan penurunan pH dari pH kultur awal inkubasi (jam ke 0) yang tidak begitu drastis. Pada inkubasi 48 jam, semua perlakuan mulai menunjukkan kenaikan konsentrasi fosfat terlarut. Penurunan pH pada inkubasi 48 jam ini dikarenakan adanya aktivitas metabolisme yang mensekresi asam organik. Hasil analisis sidik ragam konsentrasi fosfat terlarut pada inkubasi 48 jam, menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata (p<0,05) antar perlakuan perbandingan isolat jamur dalam pelarutan fosfat anorganik. Hal ini berarti bahwa formulasi perbandingan isolat jamur F1-F7 mempengaruhi pelarutan fosfat anorganik. Hasil analisis pada inkubasi 48 jam ini memperlihatkan bahwa perlakuan formulasi F7 paling tinggi dalam melarutkan fosfat dan adanya kerja sinergis dalam meningkatkan pelarutan fosfat. Kata Kunci: Agen biofertilizer, kultur campur, pelarutan fosfat
REKAYASA MESIN PENGERING PADI BAHAN BAKAR SEKAM (BBS) KAPASITAS 10 T TERINTEGRASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN NILAI EKONOMI PENGGILINGAN PADI DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT SUMATERA SELATAN Sutrisno, Sutrisno; Raharjo, Budi
Publikasi Penelitian Terapan dan Kebijakan Vol 2 No 3 (2008): Jurnal Pembangunan Manusia
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

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Abstract

Research about designing and building a 10 t capacity husk paddy dryer which integrated in rice milling in tidal swampy area in South Sumatera have done at 2007. Thi addres of research place is Telangrejo village, channel 8, bridge 5. This research was done by unity system that invide many institutions and every institution have give contribution to the research. They are : BPTP Sout Sumatera as field coordinator, SSFFMP of Urope Union in Palembang have contributed a Vietnam model of axial blower with 76 cm diameter and decimination activity, the RMU owner in Telangrejo village (private party) have contribute drying chamber made by cocrate with 10 t capacity, and a building where the husk dryer builded, BBPMP Serpong was funded this rearch, and supervisor, and BB Padi was contributed uniit husk furnace with 10 t capacity, diesel engine “Yanmar” with 23 HP, and another any things that needed to finishing this reseach. After the building of husk dryer have been finished, the next activity is testing the dryer The testing consist with functionally and verification testing . The results of the functionally testing was shown that all components of the dryer are have good performens for 10 t capacity. The paddy quality which used for testing was low. The water content was hight, 27.50 % and the green kernel was hightly also. The results of testing showed that for reduced water content from 27.50 % to 14.10 % needed time 12 hours. The velocity of drying air through out the paddy bulk in the drying chamber was 7.00 m/minute.The drying process happen with average of drying air temperature was 42 °C. Results of milling test showed that the rice recovery of paddy that dryed by machine and sun drying were 65 % and 62 % respectively. The percentage of head rice was 74.54 % and 44.30 % respectively, and the rice price were Rp5,000 and Rp4,500 respectivelly.Based on to the economic calculation showed that using of 10 t box dryer energy dryer, can resulted added value Rp 5,194,000.- per operation, higher then using 6 t and 3 t capacities that resulted added value Rp 2,457,660.- and Rp 1,0228,830.- respectivally.
Metode Forward Chaining pada Sistem Pakar Penilaian Kualitas Biji Kopi Berbasis Web Raharjo, Budi; Agustini, Fajar
International Journal of Natural Science and Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (494.486 KB) | DOI: 10.23887/ijnse.v4i2.28578

Abstract

Persaingan antara coffeshop yang meningkat menyebabkan pentingnya pengelola coffeshop untuk menemukan cara agar dapat mempertahankan konsumen dan bertahan dalam persaingan. Pemilihan dan pemutuan biji kopi saat ini masih mengandalkan keahlian dan pengalaman seorang pakar sehingga masih bersifat manual. Tujuan diadakannya penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan Aplikasi Sistem Pakar untuk menentukan kualitas/mutu biji kopi dengan metode Forward Chaining. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian pengembangan. Teknik yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan studi Pustaka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Aplikasi yang dikembangkan menggunakan metode Forward Chaining dimana proses penarikan kesimpulan didasarkan pada informasi-informasi yang tersedia. Operator mengecek fisik biji kopi dan mencocokkannya dengan kriteria yang tersedia dalam web, setelah itu hasil pengecekkan akan ditampilkan. Hasil penelitian adalah Sistem pakar mendeteksi kualitas biji kopi ini dapat melakukan pegecekan awal terhadap suatu kualitas/mutu pada biji kopi, selain mendekteksi kualitas/mutu biji kopi juga memberikan informasi mengenai biji kopi, meminimalisir tercampurnya biji kopi kualitas/mutu baik dengan biji kopi dengan kualitas/mutu buruk yang akan mempengaruhi nilai jual biji kopi di pasar. Metode Forward Chaining sangat sesuai digunakan pada sistem pakar mendeteksi kualitas atau mutu pada biji kopi ini, karena Sistem pakar mendeteksi kualitas atau mutu pada biji kopi ini menghasilkan kesimpulan indentifikasi yang cukup akurat dengan metode tersebut.