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Alkaloid profile of endophytic Diaporthe spp. from Cinchona calisaya Radiastuti, Nani; Rahayu, Gayuh; Okane, Izumi; Hidayat, Iman; Achmadi, Suminar S.
Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina Vol 18, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (420.162 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/pptk.jur.jptk.v18i1.69

Abstract

Endophytic fungi have been known as potential source of bioactive compound, similar to their host.  This study was conducted to identify endophytic Diaporthe spp. isolated from Cinchona calisaya and to explore their potential in producing alkaloids, particularly quinine. A total of 39 strains of Diaporthe spp. were identified using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and EF1-α gene. Seventeen strains have species name and they represent eight species of Diaporthe i.e. D. cynaroidis, D. endophytica, D. ganjae, D. gardeniae, D. litchicola, D. phaseolorum, D. pseudomangiferae, and D. rhoina. The re­maining 22 strains represents 15 groups of unidentified Diaporthe sp. High performance liquid chromatography analyses of chloroform extract of 21-days old static cultures of all fungi in potato dextrose broth showed that these strains produce totally 82 different alkaloids. Each strain producedabout 2-38 different alkaloids. Sixteen out of 39 strains (41%), i.e. one strain each of D. endophytica, D. gar­deniae,  D. phaseolorum, and  D. pseudo­mangiferae, 2 strains of D. litchicola, and 10 strains of unidentified Diaporthe were able to produce quinine. The quinine concentration ranges from 1.1 mg/l to 155.2 mg/l. By using Jaccard’s similarity index 0.44 as the cutting score, UPGMA analyses of alkaloid profile of these strains shows that these strains forms 23 clusters. Alkaloid profile clustering does not support the phylogenetic grouping. This indicates that the alkaloid profile is strain dependent. Some potential strains should be further investigated for optimization of their quinine production.
Population Dynamics of Yeasts and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) During Tempeh Production . EFRIWATI; ANTONIUS SUWANTO; GAYUH RAHAYU; LILIS NURAIDA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 20 No. 2 (2013): June 2013
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (139.422 KB) | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.20.2.57

Abstract

Yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly found in tempeh and has been studied separately. However, comprehensive study on population dynamics of yeasts and LAB during tempeh production, including the effect of the difference tempeh production methods has not been reported. This research was aimed in studying the effect of different methods of tempeh production applied in tempeh home industry on the dynamics of yeast and LAB communities. Population dynamics was expressed as both changes of colony number and its phylotype. Samples were obtained from five stages and from two different methods of tempeh production. Observations were carried out employing colony counting on selective media followed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). The study indicated that the population of yeasts and LAB during tempeh production were dynamic and different between these methods. Tempeh production methods affected the presence of yeasts and LAB population as indicated by difference in colony number, the number and diversity of phylotype, as well as number of specific phylotypes grew on plates.
Rhizopus Species from Fresh Tempeh Collected from Several Regions in Indonesia Anastasia Tatik Hartanti; Gayuh Rahayu; Iman Hidayat
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 3 (2015): July 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2074.192 KB) | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.22.3.136

Abstract

Recent changes in taxonomy of Rhizopus, which are now heavily relying on molecular approach, create significant problem in assigning species name to particular Rhizopus strains isolated from various sources, including tempeh. The present study aims to determine 36 strains of Rhizopus from tempeh originated from 26 locations in Indonesia, using combination of molecular phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequence, physiology, and morphology to species level. The results showed that most of the strains belong to R. microsporusecomplex, and only one strain belongs to R. delemar. Morphological variations within R. microsporus were observed, but under current approach they were insufficient for infraspecific delimitation. The current report is an important contribution in validating the identity of Rhizopus from fresh tempeh in Indonesia.
Impact of Domestication on the Endophytic Fungal Diversity Associated With Wild Zingiberaceae at Mount Halimun Salak National Park Ivan Permana Putra; Gayuh Rahayu; Iman Hidayat
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 4 (2015): October 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (683.363 KB) | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.22.4.157

Abstract

Mount Halimun Salak National Park is one of the tropical forest remnants in Java island. The national park has been recognized with high diversity of wild Zingiberaceae. Of that Zingiberaceae, two species namely Alpinia malaccensis (AM) and Horstendia conica (HC), were domesticated as garden plants in the surrounding area of the forest for medicinal use. The impact of domestication on the fungal endophytes associated with these two species of Zingiberaceae is reported here. Fungal endophyte diversity in the wild and domesticated AM and HC was analyzed based on the culturable fungi. Identification of species level used morphological and molecular approaches of ITS rDNA sequence. This study determined 19 species of fungal endophytes, namely Arthrinium malaysianum, Aspergillus flavipes, As. sydowii, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium oxysporum, Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum boninense-complex, Co. cliviae-complex, Co. gloeosporioides-complex, Diaporthe sp., D. anacardii, D. gardenia, Exophiala sp., E. lecanii-corni, Guignardia mangiferae, Ochroconis gallopava, Penicillium citrinum, Pyricularia costina, and unsporulated Sydowiellaceae. Among them, A. malaysianum, C. globosum, Co. cliviae-complex, D. gardenia, and unsporulated Sydowiellaceae were only found in domesticated plants, while some others were absent. Colletotrichum boninense-complex was commonly found in both wild and domesticated plants. Domestication activity affected the diversity of endophytic fungi of AM and HC.
Hubunagn kemampuan pergantian inang dengan plastisitas genetika pada cendawan blas padi (Pyricularia grisea) Sri Listiyowati; Utut Widyastuti; Gayuh Rahayu; Alex Hartana; Muhammad Jusuf
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1504.563 KB)

Abstract

The Digitaria ciliaris, wild grass grown around rice field, was a host for Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc., the fungi caused blast disease of rice. This fungi have a specific mechanism to regenerate new genetic variation in its life cycle. The aim of this research is to study the relation between the ability of the fungi to infect different species of host with its genetic plasticity. It was used three SCAR molecular markers Cutl, Pwl 1 and Erg2. P. grisea isolates (Dc4J1) originated from D. ciliaris at Jasinga-Bogor were able to infect rice cultivars Kencana Bali and Cisokan. The original Dc4Jl, from D. ciliaris, and the Dc4Jl that were reisolated from the infected rice cultivars (reisolates-1) had the same ability to infect Kencana Bali and Cisokan. Molecular technique showed that there was a different molecular marker genotype between the original Dc4J1, from D. ciliaris, and the Dc4Jl reisolated from infected rice cultivars. The original Dc4J1 owned Cutl but did not Pwl2 in contrary the reisolates Dc4J1 from rice cultivars (reisolates-1) had Pwl2 but did not Cutl. The Erg2 presented in both the original and the reisolated Dc4Jl. These results indicated that there were a change of genotype of P. grisea at the same time with the change of host species. The Dc4Jl isolates originated from Kencana Bali and Cisokan (reisolates-2) that were infected by reisolate-1, had the same genotype with the reisolates-1.
Identifikasi Infraspesifik Fusarium oxysporum asal Subtrat Nonpisang dan Kemampuan Pindah Inangnya ke Tanaman Pisang Gayuh Rahayu; Widodo Widodo; Ni Putu Winda Mahasari
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 15 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (353.619 KB) | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.15.1.27

Abstract

Infra-specific Identification of Fusarium oxysporum from Nonbanana Substrates and Its Ability to Move Hosts to Banana PlantsFusarium oxysporum has various life style, i.e. saprobe, endophyte and pathogen. Plant pathogenic F. oxysporum are divided into many forma specialis (f. sp.) depending on the host, for instance F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), a causal agent of Panama disease of banana. The study aimed to determine the infraspecific identity of F. oxysporum from non-banana host and evaluate its ability to jump banana plants. Infraspecific identity was determined through a molecular approach using 3 specific primers to recognize TR4 race (TR4 F/R, TR4 F/R1, and FocSc-1/ FocSc-2), while the host’s transfer ability was tested on 2 banana cultivars namely cv. Ambon and Tanduk. Thirteen strain studied  i.e IPBCC 88,012, IPBCC 07,528, IPBCC 07,561, IPBCC 08,562, IPBCC 08,568, IPBCC 10.674, IPBCC 14.1236, IPBCC 14.1237, IPBCC 14.1238 and IPBCC 14.1239 were TR4 Foc; IPBCC 07,338 and IPBCC 14.1242 are race Foc 4. The pathogenicity test of Foc IPBCC 88,012, 07,328, 08,561, 10,674 and 14.1236 derived from cucumbers, soil, agarwood sapwood, insect nests and quinine tree endophytes showed that these strains were able to move to banana plant. This shows that Foc may not host-specific and the infaspecific term forma specialis is therefore debatable.
FUNGI PADA BATANG POHON Paraserianthes falcataria DAN ASOSIASINYA DENGAN Xystrocera festiva (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) Yunasfi Yunasfi; Soetrisno Hadi; Gayuh Rahayu; Teguh Santoso
Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman Vol 6, No 4 (2009): JURNAL PENELITIAN HUTAN TANAMAN
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1931.21 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jpht.2009.6.4.251-259

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis fungi yang berkembang pada batang pohon Paraserianthes falcataria yang diserang oleh Xystrocera festiva. Fungi diisolasi dari kulit dan kayu gubal pada beberapa tahap gerekan X. festiva. Acremonium sp. 1 berhasil diisolasi dari kulit batang. Pada permukaan kayu gubal ditemukan Trichoderma virens dan Acremonium sp. (aff. Acremonium sp. st. imperfect Nectria arenuloides). Trichoderma harzianum dan Acremonium sp. (aff. Acremonium sp. st. imperfect N. cyathea) ditemukan pada terowongan kayu gubal yang dibuat oleh X. festiva. Acremonium spp. juga terdapat pada larva dan imago X. festiva. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara Acremonium spp. dengan X. festiva. Terdapat indikasi bahwa T. virens dan T. harzianum menekan perkembangan Acremonium spp. pada batang pohon P. Falcataria.
Fragrance Formation in Aquilaria spp. Shoot Culture Induced by Acremonium sp. GAYUH RAHAYU
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 2 (2010): August 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (7110.2 KB) | DOI: 10.5454/mi.4.2.2

Abstract

In this research, fragrance formation in the shoot culture of three clones of Aquilaria malaccensis (Ama1, Ama7, and Ama13) and four clones of A. microcarpa (Ami5, Ami8, Ami16, and P6) as a response towards infection of four isolates of Acremonium sp. (F, G, L, and M) were studied using dual culture methods in three different concentrations of a modified Murashige-Skoog (MSmod) media (50, 75, and 100%). The result indicated that Acremonium F and M induced the formation of fragrance. The index of fragrance induced by Acremonium F was twice from that of Acremonium M, and commonly produced in shoot cultures in MSmod 50%. The index of fragrance in A. malaccensis shoot culture was 70% higher than that of A. microcarpa. Furthermore, GLC analyses of acetone extracted from fragranced shoots of A. malaccensis indicated that only one compound (RT 5.76) might determine the fragrance. Host-microbe compatibility study indicated that the presence of Acremonium significantly affected the fitness of the shoots. In contrast, the presence of shoots did not significantly affect the growth rate of Acremonium. In general, Acremonium F, L and M significantly increased shoot death during the 35 days of interaction.
Diversity of SCAR Markers of Pyricularia grisea Isolated from Digitaria ciliaris Following Cross Infection to Rice SRI LISTIYOWATI; UTUT WIDYASTUTI; GAYUH RAHAYU; ALEX HARTANA; MUHAMMAD JUSUF
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5454/mi.5.1.1

Abstract

Cross infection of Pyricularia grisea from grass to rice and vice versa has been reported, but genetic changes are not known yet. This research aimed at estimating the possibility of the genotype alteration in P. grisea dc4 isolated from Digitaria ciliaris, following cross infection to either rice cv. Kencana bali, Cisokan, and IR64 or Panicum repens, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria sp., and Ottochloa nodosa. The genotypes were analyzed by employing three SCAR markers, Cut1; PWL2; and Erg2. The results indicated that the dc4 was only able to infect Kencana bali, Cisokan, and P. repens. The dc4 had only two out of three SCAR markers, Cut1 and Erg2. Host shift was followed by genotype alteration in two loci of SCAR. Isolates derived from lesions on Kencana bali (dc4-kb) and Cisokan (dc4-c) of the dc4 infection, both lost their Cut1 and gained PWL2. On the contrary, there was no genotype alteration from dc4 to isolate derived from P. repens of dc4 infection (dc4-pr). Neither the isolate dc4-kb that was cross-inoculated to Cisokan nor the dc4-c that was cross-inoculated to Kencana bali showed SCAR marker change. In comparison, race 173 isolate and those derived from Kencana bali and Cisokan did not show genotype alteration. All had two out of three SCAR markers, PWL2 and Erg2. The isolate 173 was adapted to rice. This indicated that genotype diversity of the dc4 might arise following host shift from grass to rice.Pyricularia grisea merupakan cendawan blas yang telah diketahui memiliki kisaran inang luas selain pada padi. Infeksi silang cendawan blas pada rumput ke padi dan sebaliknya telah dilaporkan, tetapi perubahan genetiknya belum dilaporkan. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis kemampuan infeksi silang dan perubahan genotipe P. grisea dc4 asal Digitaria ciliaris dalam perpindahannya ke padi cv. Kencana bali, Cisokan, dan IR64 atau rumput Panicum repens, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria sp. dan Ottochloa nodosa. Genotipe P. grisea dianalisis melalui tiga marka SCAR, yaitu Cut1; PWL2; dan Erg2. Isolat dc4 memiliki 2 marka SCAR, yaitu Cut1 dan Erg2; tidak memiliki PWL2. Isolat dc4 hanya mampu menginfeksi silang Kencana bali, Cisokan, dan P. repens. Turunan isolat dc4 sebagai hasil infeksi silang ke Kencana bali (dc4-kb) dan Cisokan (dc4-c) menunjukkan perubahan genotipenya, yaitu Cut1 tidak teramplifikasi pada keduanya; PWL2 teramplifikasi;, serta Erg2 tetap teramplifikasi. Sebaliknya, turunan isolat dc4 sebagai hasil infeksi silang ke P. repens (dc4-pr) tidak mengalami perubahan genotipe. Turunan isolat dc4-kb sebagai hasil infeksi silang ke Cisokan, maupun turunan isolat dc4-c dari Kencana bali, juga tidak menunjukkan perubahan genotipe, yaitu tetap menunjukkan keberadaan PWL2 dan Erg2. Sebagai pembanding digunakan isolat ras 173 yang diisolasi dari padi. Genotipe isolat tersebut maupun turunannya, sebagai hasil infeksi silang ke Kencana bali dan Cisokan, tidak menunjukkan perubahan. Perubahan genotipe dc4 terjadi mengikuti pergantian inang dari rumput ke padi.
Community Structure of Sporulating Fungi on Decaying Litters of Shorea spp. ISRAWATI HARAHAP; GAYUH RAHAYU; IMAN HIDAYAT
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (189.158 KB) | DOI: 10.5454/mi.7.3.3

Abstract

The community structure of sporulating fungi on decaying branch and leaf litters of Shorea spp. were studied to reveal the common saprobic fungi. The study was mainly based on morphological observation. Twenty-nine species of the sporulating fungi were found on Shorea spp. litters at Situ Gede and Bubulak forest area, Bogor, West Java. The fungi included seven species of Ascomycetes (Annulohypoxylon purpureonitens, Diatrype chlorosarca, Didymosphaeria epidermidis, Lophiostoma sp.,  Lophodermium sp., Pemphidium sp., and Valsa sp.) and 22 species of anamorphic taxa that consisted of 12 Coelomycetes (Coniella musaiaensis, Coryneum betulinum, Hendersoniopsis thelebola, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasmeniella guaranitica, Leptodothiorella sp., Massariothea themedae, Pestalotia guepinii, Pestalotiopsis sp., Pseudolachnea hispidula, Septoriella sp., and unidentified species of Coelomycetes) and 10 Hyphomycetes (Beltraniella portoricensis, Cryptophialoidea fasciculata, Hermatomyces spaerichus, Kiliophora ubiensis, Minimidochium setosum, Monodisma fragilis, Nodulisporium sp., Stilbella fimetaria, Virgatospora echinofibrosa, and unidentified Hyphomycetes). The  most common taxa occuring on decaying leaf litter were B. portoricensis and Pemphidium sp., while those on decaying branch material were L. theobromae and C. fasciculata. The fungal community was subtrate specific. The community on decaying branch litter was more diverse than that on leaf litter. The C/N ratio of the substrate was closely related to the structure  of the community.