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Enny Randriani
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri, Jl. Raya Parungkuda Km. 2 Parungkuda, Sukabumi 43357 Telp. (0266) 531241
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KEKERABATAN PLASMA NUTFAH JAMBU METE BERDASARKAN MARKA RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA Randriani, Enny; Listyati, Dewi; ., Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Genetic Relationship of Cashew Germplasm Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Cashew production in Indonesia stilllow (300-463 kg/ha/year) caused by genetic materials used for the cultivation were not superior variety, therefore, some effort to find superiorvariety with high production must be improved. To support those efforts needs wide variation of plant genetic resources. Nowd ays, characteristic dataof cashew germplasm in BALITTRI based on morphological characters, so needed molecular approach to get genetic characteristic s, geneticrelationship and specific characters such as high production marker, one of some techniques that we can use is RAPD marker. Additionally, RAPDmarker is simple, efficient and accurate. The purpose of this study was to know the genetic variation and relationship among cashew germplasm basedon band pattern of DNA by using RAPD technique. The experiment was conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory of BB-Biogen, Bogor since Maytill November 2009. Genetic material used were MR 851, PK 36, GG1, Laode Kase, Laode Kapala, JT 27, Arsyad Labone, Wonogiri Merah, A x S,F x M, SM 9, C x M, F x A and BO2 by using 25 primers. The activity consisting germplasm collecting of cashew (14 accessions), followed laboratoryactivities such as: DNA extraction and purification, loading and running of PCR product, RAPD and data analysis. Results shows that 25 primersused are 16 primers shown DNA band pattern, one of them was monomorphism and one specific primer which shown DNA band pattern of cashew,i.e: BO2, SM9 and JT27. Germplasm collection of cashew has wide variation. At 70% coefficient, 14 accessions of cashew were divided to threegroups where first group were content 11 individual (MR 851, PK 36, Laode Kase, GG1, Laode Kapala, A x S, F x A, C x M, Arsyad Labone,Wonogiri Merah, and F x M), while second group were content two individuals (BO2 and SM9). Moreover, in first group itself sh own wide variationamong 11 accessions.
EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI TEKNIK ISOLASI DAN PURIFIKASI DNA PADA JAMBU METE ., Syafaruddin; Randriani, Enny; Santoso, Tri Joko
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Effectivity and efficiency of DNA isolation and purification technique on cashew plant. Cashew well known as a potential industrial plant to be expanded due to of kernel price and cashew can also be used as conservation plant. As a potential plant, so needed informationmore detail including the molecular information. There are many techniques to conduct DNA isolation depend on kind of plants or plant tissue thatwill be used. The experiment had been conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotec hnology and GeneticResources Research and Development (BB BIOGEN), Bogor on May-July 2011. Young leaf of cashew used as genetic materials which is took fromexperimental station Cikampek, Indonesian Spice and Industrial Crops Research Institute (BALITTRI). While some chemicals were used as the other material. The activities following step: DNA extraction and purification, measurement of DNA concentration and amplification of DNA. Deletion ofresistor enzyme-polysacharide, especially for perennial plant. DNA isolation can be done by breaking down of cell wall, cell membrane and nuclearmembrane. The aim of this experiment was to find the effectivity and efficiency technique of DNA isolation and purification so can be reducing costand time consuming while working in the laboratory. The results shows that conscientiousness of DNA isolation and purification denotes an importantstep to obtain clean and contaminant free of DNA, so banding pattern will be clear. In this technique did not used polypinilpolypirolidone (PVPP)and mercapto-ethanol such as antioxidant, liquid nitrogen, neither over night storage of leaf extraction before used for purification which is often used for perennial plant. In addional, the results shows that band pattern of DNA was very thick and clear, therefore, this techni que can be used for DNA isolation on cashew.
Pemanfaatan Teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) Untuk Pengelompokan Secara Genetik Plasma Nutfah Jambu Mete (Annacardium occidentale L.) Randriani, Enny; Tresniawati, Cici; Syafaruddin, Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Budidaya jambu mete di Indonesia selama ini belum menggunakan varietas unggul sehingga mengakibatkan rendahnya produksi, yaitu sekitar 493 kg/ha/tahun. Peningkatan genetik terkendala oleh kurangnya informasi tentang variabilitas genetik jambu mete. Dalam merakit suatu varietas unggul diperlukan variabilitas genetik yang luas dari plasma nutfah yang tersedia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kekerabatan dan keragaman genetik koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete berdasarkan profil pita DNA menggunakan teknik RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler BB-Biogen, Bogor mulai bulan Mei-November 2010. Materi genetik yang digunakan adalah JN26, Oniki1, Oniki2, Oniki3, Kodi4, NDR31, Nigeria P9, Nigeria P2, JN7, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Pamotan, Karimun, Larantuka, BO2, SM9, JT21 dengan menggunakan 25 primer. Adapun kegiatannya meliputi pengumpulan materi koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete (17 aksesi). Dilanjutkan kegiatan di Laboratorium dengan tahapan-tahapan kegiatan, seperti ekstraksi dan purifikasi DNA, loading dan running produk PCR dan analisis RAPD serta analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari dua puluh lima primer PCR-RAPD yang digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi sebanyak 17 sampel jambu mete, terdapat 24 primer yang memberikan pita DNA, 21 di antaranya polimorfisme dan tiga primer menunjukkan monomorfis. Hasil analisis kekerabatan 17 sampel jambu mete dengan program NTSys 2.1 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi genetik yang cukup tinggi. Pada koefisien 88%, 17 jambu mete tersebut mengelompok menjadi lima, kelompok yang pertama terdiri dari delapan individu (Oniki1, Kodi4, JN26, NDR31, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Karimun, dan JT21), kelompok dua terdiri dari lima individu (Nigeria P9, B02, Nigeria P2, JN7, Pamotan), kelompok tiga terdiri dua individu (SM9, dan Larantuka), kelompok empat  terdiri dari satu individu (Oniki3), dan kelompok lima terdiri dari satu individu (Oniki2). Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Technique on grouping cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) germplasmABSTRACT Many cashew plantations in Indonesia do not use superior variety. As a result, national cashew production is only 493 kg/ha/year. Genetic improvement is limited by the lack of information of genetic variability of germplasm. Wide genetic variability in cashew germplasms is necessary to produce superior variety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation and relationship of among cashew germplasms based on band pattern of DNA by using RAPD technique. The experiment was conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory of BB-Biogen, Bogor since May till November 2009. Genetic materials used were JN26, Oniki1, Oniki2, Oniki3, Kodi4, NDR31, Nigeria P9, Nigeria P2, JN7, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Pamotan, Karimun, Larantuka, BO2, SM9, and JT21 by using 25 primers. The activity consisted of collecting of cashew germplasm (17 accessions), followed with laboratory activities such as: DNA extraction and purification, loading and running of PCR product, RAPD and data analysis. Results shows that 25 primers used were 24 primers shown DNA band pattern 21 of which there are polymorphism and 3 the monomorphism. Germplasm collection of cashew has wide variation. At 88% coefficient, 17 accessions of cashew were divided into five clusters. The first cluster  consisted of 8 individuals (Oniki 1, Kodi4, JN26, NDR31, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Karimun, dan JT 21), the second cluster of five individuals (Nigeria P9, B02, Nigeria P2, JN7, Pamotan ), third cluster two individuals (SM9 and Larantuka), the fourth cluster of one individual (Oniki3) and the fifth cluster consisted of one individual (Oniki2).  
Ketahanan 13 Nomor Koleksi Plasma Nutfah Jambu Mete terhadap Penyakit Busuk Akar Fusarium Dani, Dani; Taufiq, Efi; Supriadi, Handi; Randriani, Enny; Wicaksono, Ilham Nur Ardhi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Busuk akar Fusarium merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman jambu mete pada fase bibit maupun dewasa. Oleh sebab itu, upaya perakitan varietas tanaman jambu mete yang tahan terhadap serangan penyakit tersebut perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji ketahanan nomor-nomor koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete terhadap serangan penyakit busuk akar Fusarium. Seleksi dilakukan terhadap bibit hasil persarian terbuka dari 13 nomor aksesi jambu mete koleksi plasma nutfah di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Cikampek. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada fase bibit di dalam rumah plastik dengan naungan paranet intensitas 50% di KP Pakuwon. Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Inokulasi buatan menggunakan isolat Fusarium sp. dari tanah yang dicairkan sampai kepadatan konidia 108 konidia/ml. Hasil pengamatan menujukkan bahwa seluruh nomor aksesi jambu mete yang diuji tidak tahan terhadap serangan penyakit busuk akar Fusarium. Persentase kejadian penyakit paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh nomor aksesi Lembor 2, M Z Lux, dan Ekoae Kecil, yaitu mencapai 93,33%, sedangkan aksesi JN 26 menunjukkan persentase kejadian sebesar 63,33%. Tingkat keparahan penyakit paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh nomor aksesi Menini 15, yaitu mencapai 83,56%, meskipun secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata dengan Kodi 2 dan Kobawani yang masing-masing 82,92% dan 82,48%.  Resistance of 13 Cashew Germplasm Accessions to Fusarium Root Rot Disease ABSTRACT Root rot caused by Fusarium is an important cashew disease which attacks any stage of cashew growing from seedlings to adult plant. Therefore, findings of new cashew variety being resistant to the disease should be done in breeding program. The aim of this work was to assess resistance of cashew accession numbers to the disease. Cashew seedlings derived from open pollinated of 13 cashew accessions were observed at germplasm collection of the crop planted at Cikampek Research Station. This work was held in nursery with 50% light intensity of paranet at Pakuwon Research Station. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Artificial innoculation used Fusarium isolated from soil was diluted in sterilized water with density of 108 conidia/ml was innoculated to the seedlings. Result showed that allf cashew accessions tested were sucecptable to the disease attack. Lembor 2, M Z Lux, and small Ekoae accessions revealed high in disease incidence which reached 93.33%. Whereas, JN 26 showed the lowest disease incidence, i.e. only 63.33%. The most severe disease symptom was show by Menini 15 (83.56%), although it was not significantly different from Kodi 2 and Kobawani reaching of 82.92% and 82.48%, respectively.
EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI TEKNIK ISOLASI DAN PURIFIKASI DNA PADA JAMBU METE ., Syafaruddin; Randriani, Enny; Santoso, Tri Joko
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Effectivity and efficiency of DNA isolation and purification technique on cashew plant. Cashew well known as a potential industrial plant to be expanded due to of kernel price and cashew can also be used as conservation plant. As a potential plant, so needed informationmore detail including the molecular information. There are many techniques to conduct DNA isolation depend on kind of plants or plant tissue thatwill be used. The experiment had been conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotec hnology and GeneticResources Research and Development (BB BIOGEN), Bogor on May-July 2011. Young leaf of cashew used as genetic materials which is took fromexperimental station Cikampek, Indonesian Spice and Industrial Crops Research Institute (BALITTRI). While some chemicals were used as the other material. The activities following step: DNA extraction and purification, measurement of DNA concentration and amplification of DNA. Deletion ofresistor enzyme-polysacharide, especially for perennial plant. DNA isolation can be done by breaking down of cell wall, cell membrane and nuclearmembrane. The aim of this experiment was to find the effectivity and efficiency technique of DNA isolation and purification so can be reducing costand time consuming while working in the laboratory. The results shows that conscientiousness of DNA isolation and purification denotes an importantstep to obtain clean and contaminant free of DNA, so banding pattern will be clear. In this technique did not used polypinilpolypirolidone (PVPP)and mercapto-ethanol such as antioxidant, liquid nitrogen, neither over night storage of leaf extraction before used for purification which is often used for perennial plant. In addional, the results shows that band pattern of DNA was very thick and clear, therefore, this techni que can be used for DNA isolation on cashew.
Ketahanan 13 Nomor Koleksi Plasma Nutfah Jambu Mete terhadap Penyakit Busuk Akar Fusarium Dani, Dani; Taufiq, Efi; Supriadi, Handi; Randriani, Enny; Wicaksono, Ilham Nur Ardhi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Busuk akar Fusarium merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman jambu mete pada fase bibit maupun dewasa. Oleh sebab itu, upaya perakitan varietas tanaman jambu mete yang tahan terhadap serangan penyakit tersebut perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji ketahanan nomor-nomor koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete terhadap serangan penyakit busuk akar Fusarium. Seleksi dilakukan terhadap bibit hasil persarian terbuka dari 13 nomor aksesi jambu mete koleksi plasma nutfah di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Cikampek. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada fase bibit di dalam rumah plastik dengan naungan paranet intensitas 50% di KP Pakuwon. Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Inokulasi buatan menggunakan isolat Fusarium sp. dari tanah yang dicairkan sampai kepadatan konidia 108 konidia/ml. Hasil pengamatan menujukkan bahwa seluruh nomor aksesi jambu mete yang diuji tidak tahan terhadap serangan penyakit busuk akar Fusarium. Persentase kejadian penyakit paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh nomor aksesi Lembor 2, M Z Lux, dan Ekoae Kecil, yaitu mencapai 93,33%, sedangkan aksesi JN 26 menunjukkan persentase kejadian sebesar 63,33%. Tingkat keparahan penyakit paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh nomor aksesi Menini 15, yaitu mencapai 83,56%, meskipun secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata dengan Kodi 2 dan Kobawani yang masing-masing 82,92% dan 82,48%.  Resistance of 13 Cashew Germplasm Accessions to Fusarium Root Rot Disease ABSTRACT Root rot caused by Fusarium is an important cashew disease which attacks any stage of cashew growing from seedlings to adult plant. Therefore, findings of new cashew variety being resistant to the disease should be done in breeding program. The aim of this work was to assess resistance of cashew accession numbers to the disease. Cashew seedlings derived from open pollinated of 13 cashew accessions were observed at germplasm collection of the crop planted at Cikampek Research Station. This work was held in nursery with 50% light intensity of paranet at Pakuwon Research Station. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Artificial innoculation used Fusarium isolated from soil was diluted in sterilized water with density of 108 conidia/ml was innoculated to the seedlings. Result showed that allf cashew accessions tested were sucecptable to the disease attack. Lembor 2, M Z Lux, and small Ekoae accessions revealed high in disease incidence which reached 93.33%. Whereas, JN 26 showed the lowest disease incidence, i.e. only 63.33%. The most severe disease symptom was show by Menini 15 (83.56%), although it was not significantly different from Kodi 2 and Kobawani reaching of 82.92% and 82.48%, respectively.
Pemanfaatan Teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) Untuk Pengelompokan Secara Genetik Plasma Nutfah Jambu Mete (Annacardium occidentale L.) Randriani, Enny; Tresniawati, Cici; Syafaruddin, Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Budidaya jambu mete di Indonesia selama ini belum menggunakan varietas unggul sehingga mengakibatkan rendahnya produksi, yaitu sekitar 493 kg/ha/tahun. Peningkatan genetik terkendala oleh kurangnya informasi tentang variabilitas genetik jambu mete. Dalam merakit suatu varietas unggul diperlukan variabilitas genetik yang luas dari plasma nutfah yang tersedia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kekerabatan dan keragaman genetik koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete berdasarkan profil pita DNA menggunakan teknik RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler BB-Biogen, Bogor mulai bulan Mei-November 2010. Materi genetik yang digunakan adalah JN26, Oniki1, Oniki2, Oniki3, Kodi4, NDR31, Nigeria P9, Nigeria P2, JN7, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Pamotan, Karimun, Larantuka, BO2, SM9, JT21 dengan menggunakan 25 primer. Adapun kegiatannya meliputi pengumpulan materi koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete (17 aksesi). Dilanjutkan kegiatan di Laboratorium dengan tahapan-tahapan kegiatan, seperti ekstraksi dan purifikasi DNA, loading dan running produk PCR dan analisis RAPD serta analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari dua puluh lima primer PCR-RAPD yang digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi sebanyak 17 sampel jambu mete, terdapat 24 primer yang memberikan pita DNA, 21 di antaranya polimorfisme dan tiga primer menunjukkan monomorfis. Hasil analisis kekerabatan 17 sampel jambu mete dengan program NTSys 2.1 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi genetik yang cukup tinggi. Pada koefisien 88%, 17 jambu mete tersebut mengelompok menjadi lima, kelompok yang pertama terdiri dari delapan individu (Oniki1, Kodi4, JN26, NDR31, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Karimun, dan JT21), kelompok dua terdiri dari lima individu (Nigeria P9, B02, Nigeria P2, JN7, Pamotan), kelompok tiga terdiri dua individu (SM9, dan Larantuka), kelompok empat  terdiri dari satu individu (Oniki3), dan kelompok lima terdiri dari satu individu (Oniki2). Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Technique on grouping cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) germplasmABSTRACT Many cashew plantations in Indonesia do not use superior variety. As a result, national cashew production is only 493 kg/ha/year. Genetic improvement is limited by the lack of information of genetic variability of germplasm. Wide genetic variability in cashew germplasms is necessary to produce superior variety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation and relationship of among cashew germplasms based on band pattern of DNA by using RAPD technique. The experiment was conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory of BB-Biogen, Bogor since May till November 2009. Genetic materials used were JN26, Oniki1, Oniki2, Oniki3, Kodi4, NDR31, Nigeria P9, Nigeria P2, JN7, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Pamotan, Karimun, Larantuka, BO2, SM9, and JT21 by using 25 primers. The activity consisted of collecting of cashew germplasm (17 accessions), followed with laboratory activities such as: DNA extraction and purification, loading and running of PCR product, RAPD and data analysis. Results shows that 25 primers used were 24 primers shown DNA band pattern 21 of which there are polymorphism and 3 the monomorphism. Germplasm collection of cashew has wide variation. At 88% coefficient, 17 accessions of cashew were divided into five clusters. The first cluster  consisted of 8 individuals (Oniki 1, Kodi4, JN26, NDR31, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Karimun, dan JT 21), the second cluster of five individuals (Nigeria P9, B02, Nigeria P2, JN7, Pamotan ), third cluster two individuals (SM9 and Larantuka), the fourth cluster of one individual (Oniki3) and the fifth cluster consisted of one individual (Oniki2).  
Hubungan Antar Karakter Vegetatif, Komponen Hasil, dan Daya Hasil Kopi Robusta Asal Sambung Tunas Plagiotrop Randriani, Enny; Dani, Dani; Tresniawati, Cici; Syafaruddin, Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Seleksi klon unggul kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) biasanya memerlukan waktu yang lama sehingga diperlukan pendekatan-pendekatan yang mampu mempersingkat waktu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis korelasi antar karakter vegetatif, komponen hasil, dan daya hasil kopi Robusta hasil sambung tunas plagiotrop. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Suka Rami, Kecamatan Bermani Ulu, Kabupaten Curup, Bengkulu dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2012. Delapan karakter vegetatif, 13 karakter komponen hasil, dan dua karakter daya hasil diamati pada pertanaman kopi Robusta hasil sambung tunas plagiotrop umur tiga tahun. Korelasi antar karakter dan analisis faktor dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa karakter daya hasil (produksi buah dan produksi biji beras per pohon) kopi Robusta yang diperbanyak melalui sambung tunas plagiotrop memiliki hubungan yang positif secara kuat dengan lima karakter lainnya, yaitu jumlah cabang sekunder, bobot 100 buah, panjang biji gabah, panjang biji beras, dan bobot 100 biji beras. Oleh sebab itu, kelima karakter tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria seleksi positif untuk produktivitas tinggi kopi Robusta yang dikembangkan melalui sambung tunas plagiotrop.Kata kunci: Coffea canephora, seleksi klon, sambung pucuk, tunas plagiotropSelection of Robusta (Coffea canephora) elite clones usually takes a long time, therefore an effective approach is needed to shorten the time. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between the vegetative characters, yield and yield components of Robusta coffee derived from plagiotroph bud grafting. The research was conducted in the Suka Rami village, District of Bermani Ulu, Curup, Bengkulu Province from January to December 2012. Eight vegetative characters, 13 characters of yield components, and two yield characters were observed at three years old Robusta coffee plantation which derived from plagiotroph bud grafting. The correlation between the characters and factor analysis performed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows. The analysis showed that the character of the number of secondary branches, weight of 100 coffee fruits, long grain bean, long grain rice, and weight of 100 grains of bean showed a very strong positive correlation with yield characters. Thus, these five characters can be used as selection criteria to obtain superior genotypes of Robusta coffee that developed through plagiotroph bud grafting.
Genetic Variability of 15 Robusta Coffee Genotypes Selected by Farmer Based on SSRs Markers Syafaruddin, Syafaruddin; Randriani, Enny; Dani, Dani; Sulistyorini, Indah; Pabendon, M. B.
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
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Abstract

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) has been grown widely in Indonesia, especially in Bengkulu Province. For the last few decades, some farmers have been selected and developed several Robusta clones through plagiotropic shoot grafting technique to replace earlier coffee populations which were derived from seed. Hence, it would reduce the genetic diversity of Robusta coffee at farmer’s field. To understand the genetic variability among 15 Robusta coffee genotypes selected by farmer, it is important to perform molecular analysis. Leaf samples of 15 Robusta coffee genotypes selected by farmer were collected from smallholder Robusta coffee plantations in Bengkulu Province. Genetic diversity analysis was conducted in the Germplasm, Breeding, and Biotechnology Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI). DNA samples were amplified using 34 SSRs markers. The result showed that 23 out of 34 SSRs markers had high polymorphism levels. Allele number per locus ranged from 2-8 with an average of 4 alleles per locus. Dendrogram analysis based on genetic similarity was obtained with score of about 0,44-0,79, and r score = 0,92 (good fit). Based on cluster analysis as well as PCoA analysis, there are three distinct groups of genotypes. Those three groups can be distinguished by specific character of leaf morphotype. Nevertheless, the majority of genotypes were clustered together into the single group. This indicates narrow genetic diversity among Robusta genotypes that selected by farmer.Kopi Robusta telah dikembangkan secara luas di Indonesia, khususnya di Provinsi Bengkulu. Beberapa dekade terakhir sebagian petani telah menyeleksi dan mengembangkan beberapa genotipe dengan teknik sambung tunas plagiotrop untuk merehabilitasi populasi kopi Robusta asal biji. Oleh sebab itu, terdapat peluang terjadinya penurunan keragaman genetik kopi Robusta di lahan petani. Analisis molekuler perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman genetik antar 15 genotipe kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani. Kegiatan analisis keragaman genetik dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Plasma Nutfah, Pemuliaan, dan Bioteknologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri), Sukabumi dan Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia (Balitsereal), Maros. DNA diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan 34 marka SSR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 23 dari 34 marka SSR yang digunakan mampu menghasilkan tingkat polimorfisme yang tinggi. Jumlah alel berada pada kisaran 2-8 alel per lokus dengan rata-rata 4 alel per lokus SSR. Analisis dendrogram berdasarkan kemiripan genetik diperoleh dengan skor sekitar 0,44-0,79 dan skor r = 0,92 (good fit). Berdasarkan hasil analisis gerombol dan analisis komponen utama diketahui bahwa terdapat tiga kelompok genotipe. Masing-masing kelompok dapat dibedakan berdasarkan karakter morfotipe daun. Meskipun demikian, sebagian besar genotipe diklasifikasikan ke dalam satu kelompok. Ini menandakan bahwa keragaman genetik klon-klon kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani cenderung rendah.Keywords: Coffea canephora, klon plagiotropik, kehilangan genetik
Evaluasi Ukuran Biji Beras, Kadar Kafein, dan Mutu Cita Rasa Lima Kultivar Kopi Arabika Randriani, Enny; Dani, Dani; Wardiana, Edi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Perbaikan mutu fisik, biokimia, dan cita rasa berbasis kultivar penting dilakukan saat ini untuk meningkatkan daya saing kopi Indonesia di pasar global. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaman ukuran biji, kadar kafein, dan mutu cita rasa lima kultivar kopi Arabika, yaitu ABP-1, ABP-2, ABP-3, AGK-1, dan S-795. Kelima kultivar tersebut ditanam pada tahun 2008 oleh petani di Desa Marga Mulya, Kecamatan Cikandang, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat pada ketinggian 1.300 m di atas permukaan laut. Biji dari masing-masing kultivar dipanen pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2013 melalui prosedur pengolahan basah. Sampel sebanyak 100 biji beras dari masing-masing kultivar diambil secara acak untuk pengukuran panjang, lebar, tebal, dan bobot 100 biji beras. Pengukuran tersebut diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Analisis varian satu arah dan analisis gerombol dilakukan terhadap data hasil pengukuran. Selain itu, sampel sebanyak 500 gram biji beras dari masing-masing kultivar digunakan untuk pengujian mutu fisik, kimia, dan cita rasa. Ukuran biji beras diklasifikasikan berdasarkan standar SNI 01-2907-2008, sedangkan kandungan kafein diuji berdasarkan prosedur Official Method of Analysis AOAC. Penilaian mutu seduhan mengacu kepada protokol Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa biji beras kultivar ABP-1, ABP-2, AGK-1, dan S-795 termasuk dalam kategori besar, meskipun berdasarkan analisis gerombol terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok. Hanya kultivar ABP-3 yang memiliki ukuran biji beras tergolong kecil dan mengelompok sendiri. Kandungan kafein biji kultivar ABP-1, ABP-2, dan S-795 di bawah 1%, sedangkan ABP-3 dan AGK-1 lebih besar dari 1%. Meskipun demikian, semua kultivar yang diuji termasuk dalam kategori spesialti karena nilai akhirnya mencapai > 80,00.Kata Kunci: Kopi Arabika, spesialti, seleksi, spesifik lokasiCultivar-based quality improvement of Arabica coffee is very important in order to increase competitiveness of Indonesian coffee product in global market. The objectives of this study were to identify the diversity of green bean size, levels of caffeine, and quality among five Arabica coffee cultivars that cultivated by farmers in West Java, ABP-1, ABP-2, ABP-3, AGK-1, and S-795. The research was conducted at 1.300 m above sea level in Garut, West Java, Indonesia. Ripe cherries samples of each cultivars grown in the same area was taken in July-August 2013. Seeds were separated from the rind using wet processing procedure. Sample of 100 green beans were randomly taken for measurement of length, width, thickness, and weight of 100 green beans. Measurements were repeated three times and collected data were analyzed with analysis of variance and analysis of clusters methods. In addition, samples of 500 grams of green beans were taken from each cultivars and subsequently used for testing the quality of the physical, chemical and cupping. Green bean size was determined according to SNI 01-2907-2008, while caffeine content was analysed using AOAC Official Method of Analysis. Cupping test protocol was refer to the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) method. The results showed that green bean size of ABP-1, ABP-2, AGK-, and S-795 cultivars were classified as large, even though they were clustered into two distinct groups. On the other hand, ABP-3 cultivar produced a small green bean size and solely separated into third group. Caffeine content of ABP-1, ABP-2, and S-795 cultivars were of < 1%, meanwhile ABP-3 and AGK-1 cultivars were of >1%. However, the quality and taste of all cultivars have very good cup quality (score> 80) and meets the criteria for specialty coffee.
Co-Authors Cici Tresniawati Dani Dani Dani, Dani Dewi Listyati Edi Wardiana Efi Taufiq Handi Supriadi Ilham Nur Ardhi Wicaksono Indah Sulistiyorini Indah Sulistyorini, Indah Izzah, Nur Kholilatul M. B. Pabendon, M. B. Syafaruddin . Syafaruddin Syafaruddin TRI JOKO SANTOSO