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All Journal Jurnal Hortikultura JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Agrin : Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian
Eri Sofiari
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Pengujian Ketahanan Klon-klon Hasil Silangan Tanaman Kentang Transgenik dengan Nontransgenik terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Phytophthora infestans di Lapangan Uji Terbatas Ambarwati, Alberta Dinar; Herman, Muhamad; Lisanto, Edi; Suryaningsih, Euis; Sofiari, Eri
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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STRAK. Tanaman kentang transgenik Katahdin event SP904 dan SP951 mengandung gen RB, yang diisolasi dari spesies liar kentang diploid Solanum bulbocastanum. Gen RB mempunyai ketahanan yang bersifat  durable dengan spektrum yang luas terhadap ras-ras Phytophthora  infestans di Amerika Serikat. Dalam perakitan tanaman kentang tahan penyakit hawar daun P. infestans di Indonesia, transgenik Katahdin dijadikan sebagai donor tahan dalam persilangan dengan varietas rentan Atlantik dan Granola. Klon-klon hasil silangan dianalisis secara molekuler mengandung gen RB. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji ketahanan klon-klon hasil silangan tanaman kentang transgenik dengan nontransgenik terhadap isolat P. infestans di lapangan uji terbatas (LUT) yang berlokasi di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang dari bulan Oktober 2009 sampai dengan Maret 2010. Klon-klon yang diuji ialah 12 klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP904 (A); 15 klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP951 (B); 17 klon hasil silangan Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP904 (C); dan 20 klon hasil silangan Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP951 (D). Atlantik dan Granola digunakan sebagai kontrol rentan, sedangkan transgenik Katahdin sebagai kontrol tahan. Pengamatan dimulai ketika muncul gejala awal, yaitu pada 26, 32, 39, 46, dan 53 hari setelah tanam. Ketahanan tanaman semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya periode pengamatan, diikuti meningkatnya intensitas penyakit dan AUDPC. Semua klon yang diuji menunjukkan keragaman dalam ketahanan fenotipik terhadap hawar daun P. infestans. Klon-klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP951 mempunyai nilai AUDPC 697, yang hampir sama dengan transgenik Katahdin SP904 yaitu 698,5. Klon-klon Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP951 mempunyai nilai AUDPC  687,5 lebih kecil dibandingkan transgenik Katahdin SP904. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa klon-klon tersebut mempunyai ketahanan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan transgenik Katahdin SP904. Pada pengamatan 46 hari setelah tanam atau 20 hari setelah infeksi diperoleh tiga klon tahan yaitu B49 (skor 7,5), C111 (skor 7,1), dan D26 (skor 7,3). Ketahanan ini lebih tinggi daripada transgenik Katahdin SP904 (skor 5,1) dan transgenik Katahdin SP951 (skor 6,4). ABSTRACT. Ambarwati, AD, Herman, M, Listanto, E, Suryaningsih, E and Sofiari, E 2012. Resistance Testing on Transgenic and Nontransgenic Potato Clones Against Late Blight Phytophthora  infestans in Confined Field Trial.  Transgenic potato Katahdin event SP904 and  SP951 containing RB gene, which were isolated from a wild diploid potato species, Solanum bulbocastanum. RB gene showed durable resistance with broad spectrum to all known races of  P. infestans in the USA. In development of  potato resistant to late blight P. infestans in Indonesia, Katahdin transgenic were used as a resistant donor and crossed with susceptible varieties i.e. Atlantic and Granola. Clones derived from the crossing were molecularly analyzed and had RB gene contain. Experiment was conducted to assess the resistance of the clones derived from crossing of Katahdin transgenic and nontransgenic to P. infestans in confined field trial (CFT), located at the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), Lembang from October 2009 to March 2010. Several clones tested were 12 clones of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP904 (A); 15 clones of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP951 (B); 17 clones of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP904 (C); and 20 clones of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP951 (D). Atlantic and Granola were used as susceptible control whereas Katahdin transgenic as resistant control. Observation was started as late blight symptoms and detected at 26, 32, 39, 46, and 53 days after planting. Plant resistance decreases with increasing period of observation, followed by increasing disease intensity and AUDPC. All clones tested showed variation in phenotypic resistance to late blight P. infestans. Clones derived from crossing of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP951 had AUDPC score 697 and almost similar to Katahdin transgenic SP904 (698.5). Clones derived from crossing of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP951 had AUDPC score 687.5 and smaller than Katahdin transgenic SP904. The results also indicated that these clones had higher resistance than Katahdin transgenic SP904. Observation at 46 days after planting or 20 days after infection resulted three resistant clones i.e. B49 (score 7.5), C111 (score 7.1); and D26 (score 7.3).  This resistance was higher than Katahdin transgenic SP904 (score 5.1) and Katahdin transgenic SP951 (score 6.4).
Efikasi dan Persistensi Minyak Serai sebagai Biopestisida terhadap Helicoverpa armigera Hubn. (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) Hasyim, Ahsol; Setiawati, Wiwin; Murtiningsih, R; Sofiari, Eri
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Helicoverpa armigera merupakan hama penting pada tanaman cabai merah. Kehilangan hasil akibat seranganH. armigera dapat mencapai 60%. Pengendalian yang umum dilakukan adalah menggunakan insektisida secara intensif,yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh berbagai konsentrasiminyak serai terhadap aktivitas biologi larva H. armigera. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah KasaBalai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2009 pada suhu 27±20C dan kelembaban75-80%. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam empat tahap kegiatan, yaitu pengaruh minyak serai terhadap: (1) repelensi larvaH. armigera instar II, (2) indeks nutrisi larva H. armigera instar III, (3) toksisitas larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III,serta (4) persistensi minyak serai dalam pakan H. armigera dan pengaruhnya terhadap mortalitas larva H. armigerainstar III. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok yang terdiri atas enam perlakuan dengan empatulangan. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan (dipping methods). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyakserai dapat digunakan sebagai penolak larva H. armigera instar II, dengan tingkat repelensi kelas II (20-40%) dan kelasIII (40-60%). Aplikasi minyak serai pada konsentrasi 3.000-5.000 ppm dalam pakan dapat menurunkan laju konsumsirelatif, laju pertumbuhan relatif, efisiensi konversi makanan yang dicerna dan yang dimakan, serta dapat menghambatmakan larva H. armigera sebesar 50%. Penggunaan minyak serai dapat menurunkan bobot pupa H. armigera jantandan betina. Nilai LC50 untuk larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III berturut-turut ialah 12.795,45, 8.327,42, dan 3.324,89ppm, sedang nilai LC95 untuk larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III berturut-turut sebesar 10.564,59, 12.535,12, dan4.725,30 ppm. Residu minyak serai dalam pakan H. armigera hanya berkisar antara 1- 4 hari setelah pemaparan ataupada 5 HSP toksisitas menurun drastis. Minyak serai sebagai insektisida nabati mempunyai tingkat persistensi yangrelatif rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, minyak serai dapat digunakan sebagai insektisida yang potensialuntuk dikembangkan secara komersial dan ramah lingkungan dalam rangka pengendalian H. armigera.ABSTRACT. Hasyim, A., W. Setiawati, R. Murtiningsih, and E. Sofiari. 2010. Efficacy and Persistence of CitronellaOil as A Biopesticide Against Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.. The fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubn.) is one ofthe key pests of chili pepper in Indonesia. Yield loss due to this insect pest is up to 60%. The chemical treatment forcontrolling this insect pest is ineffective and eventually leads to environmental pollution. Studies were conducted toassess the biological activity of citronella oil against tomato fruit worm, H. armigera from June to December 2009 atthe Laboratory and the Screenhouse at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute. All the bioassays were conducted undercontrolled environmental conditions (27± 20C and 75-80% RH). Four bioassay steps were performed, i.e the effectof citronella oil on percentage repellency of second instar larvae of H. armigera, the antifeedant effect of citronellaoil against third instar larvae of H. armigera, toxicity of citronella oil on first, second, and third instar larvae of H.armigera and persistence of citronella oil and is effect of mortality of H. armigera. The results indicated that citronellaoil significantly repellened to second larvae of H. armigera with the repellency level of relative lowest II (20-40%) andIII (40-60%). Applications of citronella oil at 3,000 until 5,000 ppm concentrations reduced the food consumptionindex, growth rate, approximate digestability, efficiency of conversion of digested food and feeding deterrent was reducedby 50%. Citronella oil significantly decreased the growth and the development of both pupal male and female of H.armigera. The percentage of mortality rate varied significantly among the H. armigera larvae tested and the values ofLC50 for first, second, and third larvae instar of H. armigera were 12,795.45, 8,327.42, and 3,324.89 ppm, respectively.Meanwhile LC95 value at the first, second, and third larvae instar of H. armigera were 10,564.59, 12,535.12, and 4,725.30ppm, respectively. Residual activity of citronella oil were found to be moderately toxic to H. armigera. The residueof citronella on food H. armigera was about 1-4 days after treatment. However, toxicity decreased significantly after5 days. These results clearly showed that citronella oil was not persistent to the environment due to its volatile nature.These results suggested that the application of citronella oil is potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach forthe control of the agricultural pests H. armigera.
Uji Kualitas Umbi Beberapa Klon Kentang untuk Keripik Asgar, Ali; Kusmana, -; Rahayu, S T; Sofiari, Eri
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 1 (2011): Maret 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penelitian bertujuan menguji komponen kualitas dari beberapa klon kentang hasil seleksi untuk keripik. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Juli sampai dengan September 2010 menggunakan metode eksperimen di laboratorium. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri atas 10 klon kentang yaitu (1) 385524.9 x 392639.34, (2) 393077.54 x 391011.17, (3) 393077.54 x 391011.17, (4) 391011.17 x 391580.30, (5) 391011.17 x 385524.9, (6) 393077.54 x 391011.17, (7) 391011.17 x 385524.9, (8) 391011.17 x 385524.9, (9) 393033.54 x 391580.30, dan (10) Granola (kontrol). Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa keripik kentang yang memiliki skor antara 2,00-2,36 (kuning merata) untuk chips kentang ialah klon 7 (391011.17 x 385524.9) dan klon 8 (391011.17 x 385524.9). Kandungan gula reduksi dari kedua klon tersebut,  yaitu masing-masing 0,029 dan 0,023% lebih rendah daripada kandungan gula reduksi pada klon-klon lainnya yang keripiknya berwarna gelap. Klon-klon tersebut memenuhi persyaratan kualitas dan berpeluang untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku industri pengolahan keripik kentang. The objective of the research was to determine the quality of potato clones resulted from selection for potato chips. Quality test of 10 selective clones was determined. The research was conducted from July to September 2010, and was arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of (1) 385524.9 x 392639.34, (2) 393077.54 x 391011.17, (3) 393077.54 x 391011.17, (4) 391011.17 x 391580.30, (5) 391011.17 x 385524.9, (6) 393077.54 x 391011.17, (7) 391011.17 x 385524.9, (8) 391011.17 x 385524.9, (9) 393033.54 x 391580.30, and (10) Granola (control).  The results showed that chips which had a score value between 2.00 to 2.36 (yellow uniform) for potato chips were clone 7 (391011.17 x 385524.9) and clone 8 (391011.17 x 385524.9). The reducted sugar content of these clones was lower (0.029 and 0.023% respectively) than the reducted sugar content of the other potato clones which had dark color. The potato clones had good quality and fulfilled conditions for potato chips processing.
Regenerasi Beberapa Kultivar Kentang dan Transformasi Kentang dengan Gen RB melalui Agrobacterium tumefaciens Listanto, E; Watimena, G A; Armini, N M; Sinaga, M S; Sofiari, Eri; Herman, M
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 2 (2009): Juni 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Barymerupakan salah satu penyakit yang merusak tanaman dan memengaruhi hasil umbi kentang. Salah satu usahauntuk mengendalikan penyakit ini, yaitu dengan menggunakan kultivar tahan yang dapat dirakit melalui rekayasagenetik. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 3 kegiatan, yaitu studi regenerasi, transformasi gen RB ke dalam Agrobacteriumtumefaciens, dan transformasi kentang dengan gen RB. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui regenerasi beberapakultivar kentang, keberhasilan transfer gen RB ke dalam A. tumefaciens, dan melakukan transformasi kentang dengangen RB melalui A. tumefaciens. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kultivar Merbabu dan Atlantik memilikikemampuan regenerasi yang tinggi dan menghasilkan tunas sebanyak 30,6 dan 22,8. Dari semua kultivar yang diuji,Granola paling sensitif terhadap kanamisin pada konsentrasi 50 mg/l dan dipilih sebagai bahan transformasi. PlasmidpCLD04541 berhasil ditransfer ke dalam A. tumefaciens. Koloni A. tumefaciens yang tumbuh pada media LB yangdiberi antibiotik tetrasiklin dan rifampisin menunjukkan keberadaan plasmid pCLD04541 yang mengandung genRB. Hasil transformasi terhadap 5.347 eksplan ruas batang Granola diperoleh 50 transforman yang positif terdeteksioleh polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mengandung gen RB. Keberadaan gen RB ditunjukkan dari hasil amplifikasiujung-N dengan ukuran fragmen sebesar 619 bp dan ujung-C dengan ukuran fragmen sebesar 840 bp.ABSTRACT. Listanto, E., G. A. Wattimena, N. M. Armini, M. S. Sinaga, E. Sofiari, and M. Herman. 2009.Regeneration on Some Potato Cultivars and Potato Transformation with RB Gene Through Agrobacteriumtumefaciens. Late Blight on Potato, Incited by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a devastating disease affectingtuber yield. One of the efforts to control this disease is by using resistance cultivar that can be bred through geneticengineering. This experiment consisted of 3 activities those were to study the regeneration of several potato cultivarsand to transform RB gene into A. tumefaciens and to do Agrobacterium-mediated transformation on potato using RBgene. The results showed that Merbabu and Atlantic cultivars had the highest regeneration capacity which produced30.6 and 22.8 shoots. Granola has the most sensitive variety to kanamycine on 50 mg/l concentration, therefore thiscultivar had been chosen for transformation material. Colonies of A. tumefaciens that grew on LB media containingtetracycline and rifampicine antibiotics indicated bearing pCLD04541 plasmid carrying RB gene. The results oftransformation on 5,347 internode explants of Granola produced 50 transformants that were positively detected byPCR for RB gene. Polymerase chain reaction product of RB gene were detected by the occurrence of 2 amplificationproducts, 619 bp for N-term and 840 bp for C-term.
Daya Hasil Beberapa Klon Kentang di Garut dan Banjarnegara Sofiari, Eri
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 2 (2009): Juni 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu rangkaian kegiatan untuk memenuhi syarat kecukupan lokasi untukpengajuan pelepasan varietas baru. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Cikajang-Garut dan Batur-Banjarnegara. Jumlahklon yang diuji sebanyak 11 ditambah 4 varietas pembanding yaitu Granola, Atlantik, Repita, dan Balsa. Rancanganpercobaan yang digunakan ádalah acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Populasi tanaman per plot 30 tanaman. Penelitianbertujuan mendapatkan klon kentang unggul di Garut dan Banjarnegara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klonyang adaptif untuk Garut adalah KS-9, KS-10, dan KS-11, sedangkan Banjarnegara adalah KS-4, KS-6, KS-9, danKS-11 dengan potensi hasil masing-masing klon lebih dari 18 t/ha. Untuk hasil gorengan terbaik ditampilkan olehklon KS-1, KS-3, KS-6, KS-8, dan KS-11.ABSTRACT. Sofiari, E. 2009. Yield Trial of Potato Clones at Garut and Banjarnegara. This experiment was aseries of activities to fulfil numbers of locations of field trial for variety released. The experiment was conducted inCikajang-Garut and Batur-Banjarnegara. A total of 11 clones and 4 varieties of potato were used. The experiment waslaid in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and consisted of 30 hills per plot. The objective of theresearch was to determine the highest productivity clones suited in Garut and Banjarnegara. The results indicated thathigh productivity clones suited in Garut were obtained from clones KS-9, KS-10, and KS-11, while in Banjarnegarawere KS-4, KS-6, KS-9, and KS-11 which had productivity more than 18 t/ha. The best potato chip quality wereobtained from clones KS-1, KS-3, KS-6, KS-8, and KS-11.
Analisis Pola Segregasi dan Distribusi Beberapa Karakter Cabai Sofiari, Eri; Kirana, Rinda
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 3 (2009): September 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Capsicum chinense banyak dipakai sebagai sumber gen sifat ketahanan terhadap penyakit padaprogram pemuliaan cabai. Salah satu kelemahan penggunaan C. chinense yaitu bentuk buahnya tidak sesuai dengankeinginan konsumen. Persilangan antara C. annuum L. x C. chinense yang dilanjutkan dengan evaluasi pola segregasiketurunannya yang melibatkan generasi tetua (20 tanaman), F1 (20 tanaman), dan F2 (213 tanaman) dilakukan diRumah Kasa serta di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran mulai Oktober 2001 sampai Juni 2003.Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari tipe segregasi beberapa karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif pada populasi keturunanpersilangan antara C. annuum x C. chinense. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua karakter kualitatifyang diamati (tipe tumbuh, bentuk daun, warna daun, jumlah bunga tiap nodus, posisi tangkai bunga, sudut antara bungadan tangkai bunga, serta posisi buah) pada populasi F1 termasuk ke dalam kategori sedang/intermediate, sedangkanuntuk karakter kuantitatif seperti umur berbunga, lebar buah, dan jumlah buah per tanaman cenderung menuju kearah C. annuum, tetapi untuk panjang buah lebih cenderung ke arah C. chinense. Bobot buah per tanaman populasiF1 berada pada nilai tengah kedua tetua. Tipe segregasi karakter kualitatif F2 mendekati C. annuum, kecuali bentukbuah cenderung mendekati C. chinense. Karakter kuantitatif hasil persilangan antara C. annuum dan C. chinensediduga dikendalikan oleh gen mayor dan minor sekaligus.ABSTRACT. Sofiari, E. and R. Kirana. 2009. Analysis of the Segregation and Distribution of Some Traits inHot Pepper. Capsicum chinense was used as a diseases resistant donor traits in pepper breeding program. However,C. chinense fruit shape is not preferable for Indonesian market. The interspecific crosses between C. annuum x C.chinense and continue with segregation evaluation of parents (20 plants), F1 (20 plants), and F2 (213 plants) wereconducted at screenhouse and in the field of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from October 2001 to June2003. The objectives of this study were to determine the segregation and distribution of 13 progeny characters ofC. annuum and C. chinense crossing. The results showed that there was intermediate type of all F1’s qualitativecharacters (growth habit, leaf shape, leaf color, flower number per node, pedicel position at anthesis stage, tip angle,and fruit position). The quantitative characters such as flowering date, fruit width, and fruit number per plant type ofF1 tended to C. annuum type, except fruit length type of F1 tended to C. chinense type. The qualitative characterson F2 except fruit shape were segregated to C. annuum type. The quantitative characters from C. annuum and C.chinense crossing were estimated due to all at once of major and minor genes.
Evaluasi Daya Hasil Kultivar Lokal Bawang Merah di Brebes Sofiari, Eri; Kusmana, -; Basuki, Rofik Sinung
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 3 (2009): September 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Varietas lokal bawang merah di Kabupaten Brebes telah berkembang menjadi varian-varian baruyang merupakan hasil seleksi petani. Keberadaan varian-varian varietas tersebut perlu diuji untuk mengetahuikeunggulannya. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan kultivar bawang merah lokal yang sesuai ditanam di Slatri,Brebes. Jumlah kultivar yang diuji sebanyak 10 buah ditambah 2 kultivar pembanding, yaitu Tanduyung dan Ilokos.Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Populasi tanaman per plot terdiriatas 500 tanaman. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kultivar yang sesuai di Slatri adalah kultivar KuningSidapurna dan Kuning Tablet yang memiliki potensi hasil sama baiknya dengan kultivar impor yang populer dipetani, yaitu kultivar Ilokos.ABSTRACT. Sofiari, E., Kusmana, and R.S. Basuki. 2009. Evaluation of Potential Yield of Local Varieties ofShallots at Brebes. Shallot local variety in Brebes has been developed to be more variations as a results of selectiondone by farmers. Superiority of this variances need to be evaluated. The objective of the research was to evaluate shallotcultivars which have high yielding at Slatri, Brebes. Twelve cultivars were used in this study, including 2 popularimport varieties as check, namely Tanduyung and Ilokos. Experimental design used was randomized complete blockdesign with 3 replications. Population per plot was 500 plants. The results indicated that cultivars Kuning Sidapurnaand Kuning Tablet performed high yielding at Brebes that were comparable to import variety of Ilokos
Pengaruh Biokultur dan Pupuk Anorganik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kentang Varietas Granola Nurtika, Nunung; Sofiari, Eri; Sopha, G A
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penggunaan pupuk buatan dapat meningkatkan hasil panen namun dampak negatifnya menurunkan tingkat kesuburan tanah. Untuk mengatasi hal ini diperlukan teknologi yang dapat menghemat penggunaan bahan agrokimia untuk mempertahankan kesuburan tanah, meningkatkan kualitas produk, dan meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi hal ini yaitu dengan teknologi enzimatis, seperti dengan penggunaan biokultur. Penelitian dilaksanakan di K.P. Margahayu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang pada tanah Andisol, ketinggian tempat 1.250 m dpl, mulai bulan Maret sampai dengan Juli 2006. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan kombinasi takaran biokultur dan pupuk anorganik yang memberikan pertumbuhan tanaman paling baik dan hasil yang paling tinggi. Perlakuan terdiri dari 8 kombinasi biokultur dan pupuk buatan. Pupuk kimia 180 kg N/ha + 92 kg P2O5/ha + 150 kg K2O/ha adalah dosis rekomendasi Balitsa. Dosis biokultur terdiri dari normal, yaitu 1.750 l/ha, di atas normal 2.000 l/ha, dan di bawah normal 1.500 l/ha. Dosis pupuk anorganik yaitu dosis rekomendasi Balitsa dan setengah dosis Balitsa. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan 4 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan biokultur dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kentang. Hasil umbi paling tinggi dicapai dengan perlakuan pupuk kimia 180 kg N/ha + 92 kg P2O5/ha + 150 kg K2O/ha (rekomendasi Balitsa) + biokultur 2.000 l/ha, yaitu 15,30 kg/10,5 m2 (14,57 t/ha) tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan rekomendasi Balitsa tanpa biokultur yaitu 13,06 kg/10,5 m2 (12,43 t/ha).ABSTRACT. Nurtika, N., E. Sofiari, and G.A. Sopha. 2008. Effect of Bioculture and Anorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Potato Granola Variety. Experiment was carried out at Margahayu Experimental Garden, Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), Lembang on Andisol soil type, 1,250 m asl from March until July 2006. The aim of this experiment was to observe the effect of combination of bioculture and anorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of potato. The treatments consisted of 8 combinations of chemical fertilizer and bioculture. The chemical fertilizer dosage recommended by IVEGRI was 180 kg N/ha + 92 kg P2O5/ha + 150 kg K2O/ha. Dosages of bioculture i.e. normal 1,750 l/ha, upper 2,000 l/ha, and lower 1,500 l/ha. Dosages of anorganic fertilizers i.e. recommended dosage and half of recommended dosage of IVEGRI. The experiment was laid in a randomized block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. The results indicated that the combination of bioculture 2,000 l/ha with 180 kg N/ha + 92 kg P2O5/ha + 150 kg K2O/ha (IVEGRI recommendation) gave the highest yield, i.e. 15.30 kg/10.5 m2 or equivalent to 14.57 t/ha and did not significantly different with the application of recommended fertilization by IVEGRI without bioculture with the yield of 13.06 kg/10.5 m2 or equal to 12.43 t/ha.
Heterosis dan Heterobeltiosis pada Persilangan 5 Genotip Cabai dengan Metode Dialil Kirana, Rinda; Sofiari, Eri
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 2 (2007): Juni 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Lima genotip cabai merah yang dipilih secara acak disilangkan satu sama lain menurut disain persilangan dialil di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang pada September 2004. Evaluasi heterosis dan heterobeltiosis dilaksanakan mulai dari bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2005 menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa heterosis dan heterobeltiosis terjadi untuk karakter tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, umur berbuah, panjang buah, dan jumlah buah per tanaman pada populasi F1 hasil persilangan 2 x 14, 14 x 30, 17 x 14, dan 30 x 14. Oleh karena itu peluang pembentukan hibrida dapat diharapkan pada keempat genotip F1 tersebut. Heterosis positif untuk tinggi tanaman berkisar antara 1,84-25,41% dan heterobeltiosis antara 1,63-20,78%. Untuk umur berbunga terjadi heterobeltiosis negatif, berbunga lebih cepat berkisar antara -9,18 sampai dengan -0,19%. Untuk jumlah buah per tanaman dan bobot buah per tanaman, heterosis terjadi berturut-turut 2,27-93,40% dan 6,32-22,84%.ABSTRACT. Kirana, R and E. Sofiari. 2007. Heterosis and Heterobeltiosis in 5 Genotypes of Peppers Using Diallel Crosses. Five genotypes of randomly selected peppers were intercrossed in diallel mating design in the Screen House of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute on September 2004. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis evaluation were conducted in a field experiment at Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from March until October 2005 using a randomized block design, replicated 3 times. The results indicated that in general heterosis and heterobeltiosis occurred on plant height, date of flowering, date of fruit set, fruit length, and number of fruits per plant on 4 population of F1 resulted from crossing of 2 x 14, 14 x 30, 17 x 14, and 30 x 14. Therefore the heterosis effect to create F1 hybrid could be expected on the 4 genotypes of F1. Positive heterosis for plant height range from 1.84 to 25.41% with heterobeltiosis range from 1.63 to 20.78%. For flowering date, negative heterobeltiosis occurred with value ranging from -9.18 to -0.19%. Fruit weight and fruit number per plant heterosis occurred successively 2.27 to 93.40 % and 6.32 to 22.84 %, respectively.
Kajian Pendahuluan: Perpindahan Gen dari Tanaman Kentang Transgenik Katahdin RB ke Tanaman Kentang Non Transgenik Ambarwati, A. Dinar; Herman, M.; Purwito, Agus rifcb@indo.net.id; Sofiari, Eri; Aswidinnoor, hajrial
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 7, No 2 (2011): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v7i2.3114

Abstract

ABSTRACTPreliminary study: Gene transfer from transgenic potato Katahdin RB to non transgenicpotato. One of the concerns associated with the release of transgenic crops, is the possibilityof the gene flow from transgenic crops to neighboring crops of the same species or to relatedspecies. In plants, gene flow is a routine process occur through the natural hybridization. Theopportunity for gene flow occur depends principally on two factors, the degree of sexualcompatibility between donor and recipient species, and the physical distance between thetwo. The experiment was conducted to determine whether the gene flow from transgenicpotato Katahdin RB to non transgenic was occurred, based on selection using a 50 mg/lkanamycin, and to estimate gene flow mediated by natural hybridization at different isolationdistances. Preliminary result indicated that a rapid and simple method using MS0 liquid mediawith kanamycin 50 mg/l was effective for screening the seeds. There was a gene flow fromtransgenic potato Katahdin RB to non transgenic, based on a rapid and simple selectionmethod using 50 mg/l of kanamycin as selectable marker. The isolation distance used in thestudy were 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, 4.0, 4.8, 5.6, 6.4, 7.2, 8.0, 8.8, 9.6, 10.4, and 11.2 m from the row oftransgenic potato Katahdin RB. The gene flow through natural hybridization at a isolationdistances of (0.8 - 1.6 m), (2.4 – 4 m), and (4.8 – 6.4 m) from transgenic to non transgenic plantswere 13.78, 10.92, and 3.82%, respectively. At a distance of 7.2 – 8 m, the frequency of gene flowwas declined to 0%. The frequency of gene flow from transgenic potatoes to non transgenicpotatoes markedly decreased by increasing the isolation distance, and was negligible at 7.2 m.Key words : natural hybridization, transgenic potato RB, kanamycin selection
Co-Authors - Kusmana A. Dinar Ambarwati Agus Purwito Ahsol Hasyim Alberta Dinar Ambarwati Ali Asgar E Listanto Edi Lisanto Euis Suryaningsih G A Sopha G A Watimena HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR Helmi Kurniawan M Herman M S Sinaga M. Herman Muhamad Herman N M Armini Neni Gunaeni Nunung Nurtika R Murtiningsih Rinda Kirana Rofik Sinung Basuki S T Rahayu Tri Handayani Wiwin Setiawati