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ON REPRESENTING FACTORS INFLUENCING TIME PERFORMANCE OF SHOP-HOUSE CONSTRUCTIONS IN SURABAYA Andi Andi; Susandi Susandi; Hendra Wijaya
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 5 No. 1 (2003): MARCH 2003
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Some shop-houses were built late and others are on time, or faster than the schedule that had been planned. The questions are how it could happen and what kind of factors that made it happened. This research has an objective to investigate time performance of shop-house constructions in Surabaya by representing factors that influence it. It first assembles potential influencing factors through literature review, and second, conducts an empirical study by collecting data from finished thirty-two shop-house projects throughout the city. Results of analyses using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicate eight factors to be statistically significant influencing time performance. They are construction design change, schedule of work that will be done, workers discipline, material availability, owner’s payment, quality control, workers availability, and material delivery. The paper discusses the factors and proposes possible solutions to improve time performance.

BASIC ACTUAL AND EFFECTIVENESS OF LEADERSHIP STYLES OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGERS IN SURABAYA Andi Andi; Wahyu Kurniawan Santoso; Ronald Chandra Tali
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 6 No. 1 (2004): MARCH 2004
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Leading is one of the most important facets in managing construction projects, and behaving as an effective leader is a vital project manager’s responsibility to ensure that work efforts of other persons are directed toward the accomplishment of organizational objectives. This paper aims to determine basic and actual leadership styles of construction project managers in Surabaya. The effectiveness of the actual leadership style is also examined. To accomplish the objective, the paper first briefly reviews the ways in which leadership is approached. Data were then collected through an empirical survey to 46 project managers, taking Fiedler and Hersey-Blanchard’s models as the point of departure. The results indicate that the basic leadership of project managers in Surabaya falls slightly on task-oriented behavior. Meanwhile selling is the most common style used as actual leadership in practice. The paper discusses the effectiveness of the styles adopted and situational variables affecting.

APPROPRIATE ALLOCATION OF CONTINGENCY USING RISK ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY Andi Andi
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 6 No. 1 (2004): MARCH 2004
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Many cost overruns in the world of construction are attributable to either unforeseen events or foreseen events for which uncertainty was not appropriately accommodated. It is argued that a significant improvement to project management performance may result from greater attention to the process of analyzing project risks. The objective of this paper is to propose a risk analysis methodology for appropriate allocation of contingency in project cost estimation. In the first step, project risks will be identified. Influence diagramming technique is employed to identify and to show how the risks affect the project cost elements and also the relationships among the risks themselves. The second step is to assess the project costs with regards to the risks under consideration. Using a linguistic approach, the degree of uncertainty of identified project risks is assessed and quantified. The problem of dependency between risks is taken into consideration during this analysis. For the final step, as the main purpose of this paper, a method for allocating appropriate contingency is presented. Two types of contingencies, i.e. project contingency and management reserve are proposed to accommodate the risks. An illustrative example is presented at the end to show the application of the methodology.

ANALISA PRODUKTIFITAS PEKERJA DENGAN METODE WORK SAMPLING STUDI KASUS PADA PROYEK X DAN Y Andi Andi; koento danny wibowo; Andri Prasetya
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 6 No. 2 (2004): SEPTEMBER 2004
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

There are various methods that can be employed to measure construction labor productivity. However it is difficult to measure accurately the labor productivity. Work sampling is a relatively easy- to-use method for measuring productivity. The main objective of this research is to analyze labor productivity on projects X and Y utilizing work sampling method. The productivity measure obtained from the analysis is labor utilization rate (LUR). Besides, this research is intended to investigate factors influencing the LUR in both projects by way of questionnaire. The work sampling analysis shows that in overall LUR of project X and Y was 55.13% and 44.45% respectively. Comparison of LUR on the same types of works indicates that productivity of project X was higher. The questionnaire analysis further confirms that in general the conditions of the influencing factors in project X were better that those in project Y, and that three factors were found significantly different, i.e. material, scaffolding and schedule. The research also details LUR analyses based on the labor working hours (morning, noon, and afternoon). Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Terdapat banyak metode yang bisa digunakan untuk mengukur produktivitas tenaga kerja di lapangan. Namun, pengukuran produktivitas tenaga kerja secara akurat sulit dilakukan. Work sampling adalah salah satu metode pendekatan yang bisa digunakan untuk mengukur produktivitas dengan cukup mudah. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa produktivitas pekerja pada proyek X dan Y dengan metode work sampling. Ukuran produktivitas yang didapat dari analisa ini adalah labor utilization rate (LUR). Selain itu, penelitian ini juga meninjau faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi LUR di kedua proyek tersebut dengan cara kuesioner. Hasil analisa work sampling menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan LUR pada proyek X dan Y adalah 55,13% dan 44,45%, secara berturut-turut. Perbandingan nilai LUR pada jenis pekerjaan yang sama, menunjukkan bahwa produktifitas pada proyek X lebih tinggi. Analisa kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa secara umum keadaan faktor-faktor di proyek X lebih bagus dari pada di proyek Y, dan tiga faktor ditemukan berbeda secara signifikan, yaitu faktor material, perancah dan schedule. Penelitian ini juga melihat LUR berdasarkan jam kerja (pagi, siang, dan sore).

MOTIVASI PEKERJA PADA BEBERAPA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI SURABAYA Andi Andi; Dwi Djendoko
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 6 No. 2 (2004): SEPTEMBER 2004
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

The role of worker motivation is very important in improving construction productivity. In order to increase the motivation, it is essential for management to understand needs of the workers as well as factors motivating and demotivating. This paper aims to determine the needs level, motivators, and demotivators of construction workers in Surabaya based on Maslow and Herzbergâs theories. For the methodology, the study conducted a questionnaire survey, and 263 workers participated in the survey. It is found out that the workers are still at the physiological needs level. Good salary and safety programs are two most important motivators for workers, whereas two most important demotivators are bad treatment by supervisor and insufficient material availability. The paper discusses the findings and proposes solutions to increase workers motivation. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Motivasi kerja memiliki peranan yang penting dalam peningkatan produktifitas dalam industri konstruksi. Untuk dapat meningkatkan motivasi kerja pekerja perlu diketahui kebutuhan pekerja pada saat ini, serta pemahaman motivator dan demotivator pekerja oleh supervisor. Berdasarkan latar belakang ini, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menentukan tingkat kebutuhan, motivator dan demotivator pekerja konstruksi. Untuk tujuan tersebut digunakan dua teori motivasi, yaitu teori Maslow dan teori Herzberg, dan dilakukan survei di beberapa proyek konstruksi di Surabaya dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Secara keseluruhan, 263 orang pekerja berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pekerja konstruksi di Surabaya masih berada pada level physiological needs. Upah yang baik dan program keselamatan kerja yang baik menempati posisi tertingi sebagai motivator bagi pekerja. Sedangkan demotivator terpenting bagi pekerja adalah perlakuan yang buruk oleh atasan dan ketersediaan material yang kurang baik. Makalah ini membahas hasil yang didapatkan dan memberikan beberapa usulan untuk meningkatkan motivasi pekerja.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB REWORK PADA PEKERJAAN KONSTRUKSI Andi Andi; Samuel Winata; Yanto Handarlim
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 7 No. 1 (2005): MARCH 2005
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Rework cannot be separated from construction projects. The direct and indirect cost resulting from it are quite significant. This research aims to identify the causes of rework and to propose effective ways to reduce it. It is conducted using questionnaire, which was targeted to consultants and contractors in Surabaya. The results show that defective designs, changes in design, and coordination problems among design documents were the most influencing factors causing reworks. In order to reduce rework, the most effective ways according to the respondents are enhancing and improving communication and coordination among participants during design and construction phases, and also predicting and solving design problems before construction works begin. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Rework tidak dapat dipisahkan dari dunia konstruksi. Dampak biaya langsung maupun tidak langsung yang diakibatkannya cukup signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penyebab utama dari rework dan juga memberikan cara yang efektif untuk menguranginya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang ditujukan kepada konsultan dan kontraktor di Surabaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan dan perubahan desain, serta buruknya koordinasi antar dokumen desain adalah faktor yang utama penyebab rework. Untuk dapat mengurangi rework, cara yang paling efektif menurut responden adalah meningkatkan dan memperbaiki komunikasi dan koordinasi pada fase desain dan konstruksi, serta memperkirakan dan mengatasi masalah-masalah desain sebelum masuk ke fase konstruksi.

HUMAN RESISTANCE TO THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES Andi Andi; Fani Fani; Heru Purwoadi
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 7 No. 2 (2005): SEPTEMBER 2005
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

The process of implementing information technology (IT) often fails to bring the intended result because the human dimension is not given adequate consideration. Yet despite some evidence of failure, little has been written on the nature of human performance, compared to abundant resources about technical and procedural aspects, as it applies to the ideals of the IT philosophy. To combat peopleâs deficiencies, this paper focuses mainly on the question why people resist IT. It explores sources of human resistance to the use of IT. A survey is the conducted to personnel working for construction companies to examine the resistance sources. The result reveals personal money, habit, and threat to information security as most dominant sources for such resistance, instead of fear of employment instability as many previous researches have discussed. The paper discusses the resistances and suggests possible solutions to deal with them.

Construction Workers Perceptions Toward Safety Culture Andi Andi
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 10 No. 1 (2008): MARCH 2008
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Efforts to reduce construction accidents can be initiated by building good safety culture. Researches concerning safety culture, however, are still limited. This research aims to empirically gauge workerâs perception toward safety culture in construction projects. Data were obtained through questionnaire survey to three large construction projects in Surabaya. Two hundreds and seven sets of questionnaires were gathered and used for subsequent analyses. Results show that in general workersâ perception toward safety culture are quite good. Further analysis indicates that workers in the three projects have different safety culture perceptions, especially on factors of top management commitment, safety rules and procedures, communication, and workerâs competency.

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