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All Journal Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia
Sri Sumarmi
Airlangga University
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The Expression Change of Mmp-8 and Collagen Type-2 Intracell in Lung Tissue Due to Electronic Smoke Exposure Suryadinata, Rivan Virlando; Wirjatmadi, Bambang; Andriani, Merryana; Sumarmi, Sri
KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 18, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v17i2.26557

Abstract

The number of electronic smokers has increased annually. Exposure to an electronic cigarette will increase free radicals in the body and result in oxidative stress causing lung tissue damage. The severity degree of lung tissue damage caused by electronic smoke exposure depends on the duration of electronic cigarette smoke exposure, and will affect Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and collagen type-2 in the cells. The study aims to understand the change degree of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and collagen type-2in lung tissue due to electronic cigarette smoke exposure. This study applied the experimental method with a post control group design. The male Wistar rats were used as the animal models in this research to assess cell damage through the Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 expression and collagen type-2 in the lung tissue using immunohistochemical staining. Exposure to electronic smoke cigarettes was given to each group of animal models with the difference in amount and time duration. The expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 indicated a significant increase due to electronic smoke exposure (ANOVA, p=0.000). Meanwhile the expression of collagen type-2 showed a significant decrease because of electronic smoke exposure (ANOVA, p=0.000). Besides, MMP-8 and collagen type-2 manifested relationship existence and strong impact (r=0.948, p=0.000).  The negative impact of exposure to electric cigarette smoke causes increased expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and decreased expression of type-2 collagen in lung tissue.
Correlation of Sun Exposure Score and Vitamin D Intake withSerum 25(OH)D Levels in Older Women Husna, Kholidatul; Widajanti, Novira; Sumarmi, Sri; Firdaus, Hadiq
Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia Vol. 8, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Introduction. Indonesia is a tropical country, but the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in older women is high due to the lack of sun exposure and low vitamin D intake. Some previous studies have reported that people from rural areas have higher serum 25(OH)D levels compared to those from urban areas. This study was conducted to analyze the correlation between sun exposure score and vitamin D intake with serum 25(OH)D levels of older women from rural areas. Methods. This was an analytic cross-sectional study involving older women in two villages from Wonorejo and Kraton Districts, Pasuruan Regency, in June 2020 during the dry season. The sun exposure score was calculated using a sun exposure questionnaire, vitamin D intake was obtained using the 2 x 24-h food recall, and serum 25(OH)D levels were measured using the chemiluminescent immunoassay. The data was analyzed using the Spearman and Pearson correlation test. Results. A total of 40 post-menopausal women aged 60 to 93 years (median age 70 years) were included in this study. The median sun exposure score was 14. The median time spent outdoors was 40 minutes, 90% of subjects wore longsleeved and long skirts, and all of the subjects never put on sunscreen. The mean value of vitamin D intake was 1.73 μg/day (SD 3.21 μg/day), all of the subjects had low vitamin D intake. The primary source of their vitamin D intake was fish (67.5%), predominantly freshwater fish. The mean value of serum 25(OH)D levels was 27.75 ng/mL (SD 13.25 ng/mL), and 30% of them had vitamin D deficiency. The sun exposure score was positively correlated with serum 25(OH)D levels (r=0.425; p=0.006). Meanwhile, there was a correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D levels (p=0.246). Conclusion. There is a significant positive correlation between sun exposure score and serum 25(OH)D levels, but no correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D levels.
Co-Authors Andriani, Merryana Bambang Wirjatmadi Firdaus, Hadiq husna, kholidatul Novira Widajanti, Novira Suryadinata, Rivan Virlando