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Effects of Decontamination Using Organic Acids on Total Microbial Number and Qualities of Poultry Carcasses Sumarmono, Juni; Rahardjo, AHD
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 10, No 2 (2008): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Tujuan Penelitian adalah mempelajari pengaruh dekontaminasi menggunakan asam terhadap jumlah mikroorganisme dan kualitas pada karkas ayam selama penyimpanan sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menentukan metode dekontaminasi karkas yang dapat diterapkan pada rumah potong ayam skala kecil atau rumah tangga. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dekontaminasi yang terdiri atas perendaman karkas selama 5 menit dalam air dingin (A), asam laktat (B), asam sitrat (C), dan asam asetat (D), masing – masing dengan konsentrasi 2%. Karkas kemudian disimpan pada kondisi kamar dengan cara digantung. Masing – masing perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Peubah yang diamati terdiri atas (1) peubah kualitas mikrobiologis karkas, yaitu jumlah total bakteri, (2) peubah kualitas fisik daging (pH dan WHC), dan (3) peubah kualits organoleptis (warna, bau dan lendir). Peubah diukur sebelum perlakuan, pada 0 jam setelah perlakuan, kemudian setelah 2,4,6 dan 8 jam setelah perlakuan. Hasil menunjukkan dekontaminasi menyebabkan penurunan jumlah mikroba secara drastis dari 104 menjadi 101 cfu/g. Namun demikian, tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antar masing – masing metode terhadap penurunan jumlah mikroba. Jumlah mikroba kembali meningkat seiring dengan lamanya masa simpan. Penggunaan asam organik meyebabkan penurunan jumlah mikroba. Jumlah mikroba kembali meningkat seiring dengan lamanya masa simpan. Penggunaan asam organik menyebabkan penurunan pH karkas. Sampai penyimpanan 8 jam pada kondisi ruang, kualitas fisik karkas (pH dan WHC) tidak ada perubahan yang berarti dan munculnya lendir pada permukaan karkas belum terdeteksi oleh panelis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa untukmemperpanjang masa simpan dan meningkatkan kemanan, maka perlu dilakukan dekontaminasi pada karkas ayam, yaitu dengan perendaman pada larutan asam (laktat, sitrat atau asetat) 2% selama 5 menit. Karkas yang telah didekontaminasi dapat disimpan sampai dengan 8 jam pada kondisi ruang. (Animal Production 10(2): 129-134 (2008) Kata Kunci: Karkas ayam, dekontaminasi, kualitas, asam organik, masa simpan
Functional Characteristics of Spent Duck Meat for Use in Emulsion-Type Meat Products Sumarmono, J; Wasito, S
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 12, No 1 (2010): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Spent ducks produce nutritive meat; however the meat possesses undesirable characteristics such as strong odor and tough.  Hence, appropriate yet simple processing technologies need to be developed in order to maximize the use of duck meat. The experiment was conducted to evaluate functional characteristics of spent duck meat as raw material for the production of emulsion-type meat products, such as nugget and sausage. Chilled carcasses of 96 spent ducks were deboned manually, then mixed thoroughly and ground using a 5 mm diameter grinding plate.  The ground meat was divided into 4 batches (group) of treatments; one batch was treated with iced tap water (M1), one batch with 0.1% NaCl solution (M2), one batch with 0.5% NaHCO3 solution (M3), and one batch was left as is as control (M4). Variables measured were water holding capacity (WHC), pH, emulsion capacity and stability of the meat; and firmness and tenderness of the meat gel. Results showed that M1 meat has significantly higher WHC (less percentage of free water) than control (M4), whereas M2 and M3 meat has similar WHC to control. Processing caused the ground duck meat to have significantly higher pH than control. The highest meat pH was observed in M3, followed by  M2, M1 and control. Processing duck meat with iced tap water, NaCl or NaHCO3 produced significantly more tender meat gel compared to untreated meat (as is). Tenderness of meat gel of M3 was the most tender followed by M2 and M1. Similar results for meat gel firmness were observed. No significant differences were observed in term of emulsion capacity (expressed as ml oil/gr protein and ml oil/gr fresh meat), emulsion stability (expressed as ml oil and total liquid released per 100 gr emulsion), and cooking recovery (%). The study reported in this paper offers simple processing technologies to improve functional characteristics of spent duck meat to be use as raw material for the production of emulsion type meat products. (Animal Production 12(1): 55-59 (2010)Key Words: spent duck meat, processing, functional characteristics, emulsion type meat product
Isolation and Antimicrobial Activities of Lactic Acid Bacteria Originated From Indonesian Local Goat’s Colostrum Setyawardani, Triana; Sumarmono, Juni
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 20, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (902.67 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2018.20.3.731

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Indonesian local goat colostrum and to characterize their suitable properties for bacteriocin production. LAB was isolated from goat colostrum. The characterization of LAB was carried out based on the shape, colony dispersal, and catalase test. For antimicrobial activity, LAB was tested by a well diffusion method followed by an antimicrobial activity test against pathogenic bacteria B. cereus, E.coli, S. aureus and S. thypimurium. A total of 8 strains of LAB were successfully isolated from goat colostrum and coded CT1 to CT8. All the isolates were rod-shaped, single or paired colonies, negative catalase, and glucose fermenting LAB. The isolates consist of four L. casei, two L. brevis or L. plantarum, one L. rhamnosus, and one, L. paracasei. CT3 isolate has 84% similarity with L. plantarum and 14.3% with L. brevis 1while CT8 isolate is 71% similar to L. brevis 1 and 28.9% to L. plantarum. Purity evaluation showed that CT3 and CT8 were L. plantarum. Well difusion test showed that all LAB strains possess very solid resistances, with diameters over 17 mm, against B. cereus, E.coli, S. aureus and S. thypimurium. The average inhibitory resistance against B. Cereus, E.coli, S.aureus and S.typhimurium was was 17.68 mm, 19.38, 19.30 and 19.03 mm, respectively. LAB isolated from Indonesian  local goat colostrum are potential candidates for bacteriocin-producing bacteria.
Antimicrobial Activity of Goat Colostrum Against Bacterial Strains Causing Food Poisoning Diseases Setyawardani, Triana; Sumarmono, Juni; Risqiati, Heni; Santosa, Setya Agus
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 21, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (462.938 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2019.21.3.777

Abstract

The study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of bacterial isolates L.plantarum 3CT7 and 20CT8 from goat colostrum. The antimicrobial activity of cell-free supernatant was tested using a well-diffusion method on several indicators: temperature, time of storage, and pH. Antimicrobial activity was recorded in both isolates at pH 2.0; 4.0; 6.0 and 8.0, temperature at 0, 50 and 100 oC, and in cold storage for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. L.plantarum 7CT3 and L.plantarum 20CT8  have a bigger zone of inhibition than that of Pseudomonas spp. as compared to other bacteria. Testing the cell-free activity was aimed to investigate the metabolite inhibition by L.plantarum. The isolates were capable of inhibiting all pathogenic bacteria in the experiment (S. thypimurium, E. coli, and S. aureus)  as evidenced from the similar zone of inhibition from 15.83 to 16.06 mm. Isolates (L. plantarum 7CT3 dan 20CT8) exhibit inhibitory properties against S.thypimurium, S. aureus, Pseudomonas spp.. and L. monocytogenes at 0, 50 and 100oC. L.plantarum 7CT3 and L.plantarum 20CT8 exhibit antimicrobial activity during cold storage. Both isolates grown in the range of pH from 2 to 8 could inhibit S. thypimurium, E. coli, S. aureus and Pseudomonas spp.  In general, the two isolates are the potential antimicrobial activity with broad ranges of pH, temperature and storage time.
Effect of Storage Conditions on The Characteristics and Composition of Fresh Goat Cheese Containing Probiotics Sumarmono, Juni; Setyawardani, Triana; Santosa, Setya Agus
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 21, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (739.806 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2019.21.1.776

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and composition of soft cheese manufactured from goat milk, which contained probiotic bacteria, and stored at different temperatures for up to 90 days. Soft cheese was manufactured from fresh Indonesian Etawah goat milk, with a mix starter culture containing Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum (1:1). Animal rennet was added to facilitate curding. Fresh cheese produced was wrapped in linen clothes and stored under two different temperature conditions, which were high temperature (H:13-15oC) and low temperature (L: 8-10oC) for up to 90 days.  Results showed that goat cheese was characterized as soft with mild goaty flavor, contained no less than 108 CFU of probiotic lactic acid bacteria, pH of 4.6, 0.5% free fatty acid, 57% moisture, crude 15% crude protein, 22% total fat and 2.5% mineral. Cheese underwent dehydration during storage which caused an increase in the relative proportion of protein, fat and mineral. The evolution of cheese’s pH, titratable acidity and composition was partly affected by storage temperature. At the end of storage periods (90 days) goat cheese was characterized as semi hard and, on average, contained 1.3-1.5% titratable acidity, pH of 4.94-4.95, 31.22-37.06% moisture, 24.59-24.09% crude protein, 33.51-36.17% total fat, and 5.64-5.53% minerals.. Cheese stored at high temperature has slight growth of mold at its surface, which was anormal condition during for cheese ripening. In conclusion, acceptable characteristics and composition of probiotic-containing cheese can be manufactured from milk of Indonesian Etawah goats and stored at temperature of 8-10oC for 90 days.
PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN DAGING ITIK AFKIR PADA EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH CARICA (CARICA CANDAMARCENSIS) TERHADAP KEEMPUKAN DAN SUSUT MASAK DAGING Prayitno, Salvian Setyo; Sumarmono, Juni; Rahardjo, Agustinus Hantoro Djoko
Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara Vol. 6 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30997/jpnu.v6i1.1815

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman daging itik afkir pada ekstrak kulit buah carica terhadap keempukan dan susut masak daging. Materi yang digunakan adalah itik Tegal betina afkir umur 96 minggu sebanyak 10 ekor dan kulit buah carica sebanyak 4 kg. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang diuji adalah daging dada itik afkir direndam pada ekstrak kulit buah carica 20% selama 0 menit (1 detik) (P0), 30 menit (P1), 60 menit (P2), dan 90 menit (P3). Variabel yang diukur adalah keempukan dan susut masak daging. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan rataan keempukan daging dari perlakuan P0, P1, P2, dan P3 masing-masing adalah 0,0353; 0,0434; 0,0504; dan 0,0560 mm/g/detik. Rataan susut masak daging dari perlakuan P0, P1, P2, dan P3, masing-masing adalah 32,53%; 33,65%; 34,77%; dan 35,86%. Perendaman daging itik afkir pada ekstrak kulit buah carica dengan konsentrasi 20% berpengaruh sangat nyata (P
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GOAT MILK KEFIR DURING STORAGE UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES Setyawardani, T.; Sumarmono, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 40, No 3 (2015): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.40.3.183-188

Abstract

This research was conducted to study the chemical and microbiogical properties of goat milk kefir stored under different temperatures and storage time. A completely randomized design, factorial pattern 3 x 3 was used in this study. The first factor was storage temperature (-1 to -5; 1 to 5 and 6 to 10oC) and the second factor was storage time (10; 20 and 30 days). Each treatment has three replicates. Variables observed included pH, water activity (aw), total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and total yeast. Data were subject to analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test. Results showed that storage time and temperature had significant effects on pH. The lowest pH of Kefir was obtained by storing it for 10 days at 6 to 10oC. Titratable acidity was significantly affected by temperature, and kefir stored at 6 to 10oC has the highest titratable acidity. Storage time and temperature had no significant effects on water activity, and the average water activity of kefir was 0.875±0.028. Total LAB and total yeast were significantly affected by temperature, but not by storage time. In average, total LAB and total yeast in kefir were 7.17± 0.92 log cfu/ml and 6.76± 0.39 log cfu/ml, respectively. In conclusion, this study confirmed that temperature of storage has a major contribution to the characteristics of kefir made from goat milk; hence it has to be considered when handling kefir for a longer period of time.
Texture, hedonic test and fatty acid profile of goat cheese with L plantarum TW14 and L. rhamnosus TW2 isolates stored at different temperature conditions Setyawardani, T.; Widayaka, K.; Sumarmono, J.; Rahardjo, A. H. D.; Santoso, S. S.; Sulistyowati, M.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 43, No 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.43.3.230-237

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate texture, hedonic test and fatty acids profile of goat cheese stored at cold and frozen temperatures for 60 days. Cheese was manufactured from goat milk with addition of probiotics bacteria L.plantarum TW14 and L.rhamnosusTW2 with a ratio of (1:1/v/v). Treatments were arranged in a factorial design, employing two factors, i.e. temperature (cold; frozen) and storage time (0; 15,30,45 and 60 days). Each treatment was repeated three times. Results showed that goat cheese stored at cold temperature has an average hardness-texture of 374.46 ±77.69 gf while that of the cheese stored at frozen temperature has 221.66 ±38.46 gf, which were significantly different (P<0.05). In term of flavor, texture and overall acceptability, there were no significant effects (P>0.05) of storage temperatures and storage time. However, the taste of cheese stored under cold and frozen temperatures was highly significant different (P<0.01). Fatty acids composition of cheese stored for 60 days in a cold storage showed that the highest fatty acid content was SFA which was 64.34% and USFA was 16.76%. During the 60-day storage, the SFA percentage of was relatively stable while the percentage of oleic acid USFA increased. 
FORMULASI ROTI BEBAS GLUTEN BERBASIS TEPUNG SORGUM DENGAN PENAMBHAAN PATI GARUT DAN GUM ARAB Zakia Maulida; Nur Aini; Budi Sustriawan; Juni Sumarmono
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 16, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v16n2.2019.90-98

Abstract

Tepung sorgum tidak memilikki gluten sehingga tidak bisa dibuat menjadi orti yang memiliki tekstur baik. Untuk dapat menghasilakn roti sorgum dengan tekstur yang baik perlu bahan pembentuk sebagai pengganti gluten. Penambahan pati garut akan mengakibatkan gelatinisasi mampu memerangkap gelembung udara serta memfasilitasi retensi gas selama fermentasi. Gum arab memiliki kemampuan meniru sifat viskoelastis gluten. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) menentukan proporsi pati garut dan gum arab yang optimum dalam pembuatan roti sorgum; 2) memperlajari sifat fisik, kimia, dan sensori roti. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology dengan dua faktor yakni pati garut (25-40%) dan gum arab (1-5%). Variabel yang diamati meliputi volume spesifik, hardness, cohesiveness, kadar air, abu, karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serta karakteristik sensori (warna, aroma, tekstur, rasa, dan kesukaan). Formula optimum roti berbasis sorgum yakni dengan proporsi pati garut 40% dan gum arab 5 %. Karakteristik formula optimum roti sorgum adalah volume spesifik 342,76 cm3; hardness 0,34 N; cohesiveness 1,31; kadar air 49,62%, kadar abu 0,74 %, kadar karbohidrat 40,45%, kadar protein 6,22%, dan kadar lemak 2,97%. Karakteristik sensori (warna putih sedikit keabuan, aroma khas roti agak kuat, tekstur pori agak seragam, rasa khas roti agak kuat dan tingkat kesukaan netral). Karakter ini hampir sama dengan roti dari terigu sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pangan alternatif bagi orang yang intoleran terhadap gluten. Gluten Free Bread Formulation Based on Sorghum Flour with Addition of Arabic Garut and Gum StarchThe gluten-free bread formula from sorghum requires the formation of a gluten substitute so that bread has desire characteristics. During baking, starch granules of arrowroot gelatinize and have ability to trap air bubbles, facilitating gas retention during fermentation. Arabic gum has the ability to mimic the viscoelastic properties of gluten. The objectives of this study were 1) determining the optimum proportion of arrowroot starch and Arabic gum in sorghum-based gluten-free bread making; 2) knowing the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of bread. The experimental design in this study used Response Surface Methodology with two factors is arrowroot starch (25-40%) and arabic gum (1-5%). The variables observed were specific volume, hardness, cohesiveness, moisture, ash content, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and sensory characteristics (color, aroma, texture, taste, and preference). The optimum formula for sorghum bread is 40% proportion of arrowroot starch and 5% of Arabic gum addition. The characteristic of bread were specific volume 342.76 cm3, hardness 0,34 N, cohesiveness 1.31; 49,62% moisture content, 0.74% ash content, carbohydrate levels of 40.45% protein content of 6.22% and fat content of 2.97% and sensory characteristics (slightly grayish white, distinctive strong bread aroma, rather unifrom pore texture, distinctive strong bread flavor and neutral level of preference). This character is almost the same as wheat bread so tahat it can be used as an alternative for people who are intolerant of gluten.
Kualitas Karkas Domba Lokal yang Diberi Pakan Jerami Padi Fermentasi dengan Suplementasi Minyak Kedelai Peni Patriani; Juni Sumarmono; Wardhana Suryapratama
Jurnal Agripet Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Volume 10, No. 2, Oktober 2010
Publisher : Agricultural Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (128.002 KB) | DOI: 10.17969/agripet.v10i2.645

Abstract

Carcass quality of local sheep fed fermented rice straws supplemented with soybean oilABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine if supplementation of soybean oil in the ration in order to increase conjugated linoleic acid of meat has concurrent effects on carcass characteristics and qualities of thin-tailed sheep. Sheep were fed fermented ricestraws supplemented with 0, 3 and 6% soybean oil. The experimental design used was a Randomized Completely Block Design. Eighteen sheep with initial age of 6-8 months and initial bodyweight of 17.46 ± 1.61 kg were used. The treatments consisted of soybean oil supplementation 0, 3 and 6%. Variables measured were carcass conformation, GR thickness, backfat thickness, subcutaneous fat score, and kidney and pelvic fat score. Result showed that sheep fed ration with 0 % soybean oil produced carcass with carcass conformation score of 8.50 ± 1.05, GR thickness 11.50 ± 1.05 mm, back fat thickness 2.67 ± 0.82 mm, subcutaneus fat score 3.50 ± 0.55 mm, kidney and pelvic fat score 2.00 ± 0.00. Sheep feed ration with 3% soybean oil; carcass conformation score 8.67 ± 1.21, GR thickness 11.67 ± 1.21 mm, back fat thickness 2.83 ± 0.98 mm, subcutaneus fat score 3.50 ± 0.55, kidney and pelvic fat score 1.83 ± 0.4. Sheep feed ration with 6% soybean oil; carcass conformation score 9.00 ± 1.26, GR thickness 12.50 ± 1.52 mm, back fat thickness 3.33 ± 0.82 mm, subcutaneus fat score 3.50 ± 0.55, kidney and pelvic fat score 1.83 ± 0.41. Score of carcass conformation, thickness of GR, thickness of back fat, score of subcutaneus fat, and score of kidney-pelvic fat were not influenced by supplementation of soybean oil. In conclusion, suplementation soybean oil in the ration to increase conjugetaed linoleic acid has no significant concurrent effect on carcass quality characteristics of local sheep.