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ISOLATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL TEST OF GARLIC OIL A. T. Karossi; M. Hanafi; L. Sutedja
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 3, No 2 (1993)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Garlic oil is known to have medicinal effect on hypertension, heart desease, anemia and various infections. The active principles are reported to be allicin, diallil disulfide, allilpropyl disulfide, scorduun, selenium and germanium in addition to the presence of anticoagulant, anuhaemolytic and arulthrombotic agents. The methods applied for isolation and other conditions during the isolation affect the yield or the compositions of the oil, for instance with steam distillation the allicin will decompose whereas extraction at room temperature will yield oil with allicin as the main component. In the present study isolation was conducted by extraction with ethylacetate or ethanol and the oil obtained was tested for their antibacterial capacity. Tests against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli indicated that the isolated oil were active. On the other hand, commercial garlic extract (KGE) and garlic oil capsule (GOC) gave negative test. This may have been due to either insufficient concentration. of the biologically active component present in the commercial drugs or different method of extraction process. investigation with thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the drugs On silica gel plate ustngn-hexane and ethyl acetate as eluents showed six components in the GOC and none in KGE whereas for the isolated oil 13 components were identified with iodine vapour. Although the oils indicated antibacterial activity, it is somehow less active compared with oxytetracycline which is used as reference.

FERMENTASI ALFA AMILASE DARI ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE PADA MEDIA SAGU METROXYLON Yetti M. Iskandar; Dine Agustine; A. Sidik; Linar Z.Udin; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 4, No 1 (1994)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Alpha amylase is an extracellular enzyme which can be obtained from Aspergillus oryzae fermentation. The production of the alpha amylase in fermentation of sago starch media (Metroxylon sp)in 600, 800 and 1500 ml scale at 30°C for 7 to 9 days in aerobic condition has been conducted. The observations at day-3 indicated that the maximum enzyme specific activity assayed at 40°C for 30 minutes incubation, was 1096 U/g protein, 963 U/g protein and 810 U/g protein for 600, 800 and 1500 ml scale respectively. At this condition starch utilization for growth reached 69% for the 600 and 800 ml scale and 71% for the 1500 ml scale and the biomass production was 6.03 g dry weight/L media, 4.03 g dry weight/L media and 5.66% g dry weight/L media for the 600, 800 and 1500 ml scale respectively.

PENGGANDAAN SKALA PRODUKSI ENZIM GLUKOAMILASE DARI LABU KOCOK KE FERMENTOR 10 L Patuan L. P. Siagian; A. T. Karossi; Yetti M.lskandar; Tigor N. Surawidjaja; Ngadiman Ngadiman
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (1994)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Glucoamylase was produced in a 10 L stirred tank fermentor using Rhizopus oryzae L16 and sago (Metroxylon spy starch. Fermentation conditions were adapted from the results obtained from shake flask (250 mL) and 4L fermentor experiments. At the present investigation, the temperature was set at 30°C, pHs were at a constant value of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0. Agitation rate at aeration 1.5 vvm were adjusted to 286 rpm, 300 rpm, and 350 rpm (medium volume 6 L). The maximum production of glucoamylase was reached at agitation rate 350 rpm, aeration 1.5 wm and pH 4.0. At day-s, the glucoamylase activity was 2,285 U/L and its specific activity was 9,326 U/g protein. At day-5 the specific activity increased to 13,631 U/g protein. This maximum production was reached at an average kLa of43 h(-1)

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONATED SANDALWOOD OILS A. T. Karossi; H. Agustina; L. Sutedja
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (1993)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Sandalwood oil was prepared through water distillation of sandalwood (Sansalum album L) sawdust. The inhibitory activity of the oil was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. This antibacterial active oil was further fractionated through column chromatography into five fractions. Larger antibacterial activity, expressed as inhibitory diameter ( ID ), was observed in the prepared sandalwood oil and its fractions compared to sandalwood oil originated from Kupang and sanialol from International Flavors and Fragrance ( IFF ). The inhibitory diameter of the isolated sandalwood oil against S. aureus and B. cereus were 8.75 and 8.20 mm respectively. While the IV of sandalwood oil from Kupang and santalol IFF against S aureus were 7.20 and 7.23 mm, and against B. cereus 6.62 and 7.35 mm respectively. The ID of the sandalwood oil fractions against S aureus ranged between 7.32 - 9.93 mm, and the largest inhibition was shown by fraction -2. Against Bicereus the IV ranged between 7.64 - 11.12 mm., and the largest inhibition was shown by fraction - 1. Suggested possible structures for sandalwood oil fractions were based on the infra red spectra of the oils and sandalwood oil components.

EFFECTS OF MEDIUM COMPOSITION ON OXYTETRACYCLINE PRODUCTION BY STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS ATCC 33022 Linar Z. Udin; S. Pudjiraharti; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 2, No 1-2 (1992)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

The economical production of antibiotics to some extent depends on the availabilily of cheap substrates. The work reported in the present paper deals with the fermentative production of oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus ATCC 33022 using commerciol high fructose syrup (HFS), vitamin B complex and citric acid of technical grode. The effects of concentration of high fructose syrup (0.5 - 2.5 %, v/v), commercial vitamin B complex (0.03 - 0.07 %, w/v) and the citric acid (0.34 - 1.28 %. w/v) were examined in this study. It was found that fermentation medium (medium-MHFS) containing high fructose syrup 1.0 % produced maximum activily of oxytetracycline after 4 days incubation period. Fermentation tnedium (mediwn-MBpleJ containing 0.05 % commerciol vitamin B complex showed maximum acrivily after 3 days incubation. While the addition of citric acid (0.64 %) to the fermentation medium (medium-MCA) was found optimumfor production oxytetracycline.

THE USE OF TITRIMETRIC, NELSON SOMOGYI AND HPLC METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CASHEW APPLE JUICE FERMENTATION BROTHS Julia Kantasubrata; A. T. Karossi; A. S. Pramudi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (1993)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jkti.v3i1.295

In cashew apple juice fermentation to produce wine and vinegar, analysis of organic acids and sugars in fermentation broths is very important, due to the fact that optimum conditions of fermentation could only be established from results obtained on monitoring the concentrations of those components during the fermentation process. Analysis of organic acids by tiirimetric method and analysis of sugars by Nelson-Somogyi method only give a total amount of acids and sugars. HPLC is one of the promising method for determining the acids/sugars individually, although this method needs costly facilities such as columns and so/vents. In this work, organic acids were separated by HPLC on a u-Bondapak C1B column using aqueous solution of 2% NH4H2O4 as the mobile phase, while sugars were separated on silica-based column using an eluent containing a polyamine reagent. In this investigation the results of determination of organic acids by titrimetric method and those of sugars by Nelson-Somogyi method were compared respectively with the results of individual organic acids and sugars obtained from the HPLC methods. It was found that for organic acids, results of the determination using the titrlmetric method is correlated linearly with the results of acetic acid obtained by the HPLC methods. The same results were obtained for total and reducing sugars determination by the Nelson-Somogyi and individual sugar by the HPLC methods. The regression equation obtained for each of the organic acids and sugars can be used for the estimation of each of the respective components present in the cashew apple juice fermentation broths based on the results obtained from both titrimetric and Nelson-Somogyi methods. For routine monitoring of large number of fermentation broth samples, the proposed method was found to be a better alternative to the more castly HPLC method.

PRODUKSI GLUKOAMILASE DARI RHIZOPUS ORYZAE SKALA FERMENTASI 2 LITER DAN 4 LITER Linar Z. Udin; Ngadiman Ngadiman; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 4, No 1 (1994)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Production of glucoamylase by R. oryzae has been conducted in erlenmeyer flasks using medium containing sago starch as carbon source and soybean meal as nitrogen source. It was known that 2 % of sago starch and 0.5 % of soybean meal in the medium is the best composition for the production of glucoamylase. At the present study, the optimal condition for maximal production of glucoamylase fermentation from R. oryzae was investigated using sago starch medium in the 2L and 4L scale. The results showed that the maximum production of glucoamylase at 600-1500 ml fermentation scale was reached at day-8 of incubation time. At this condition, the enzyme specific activity was 0.85 U/mg protein - 1.50 U/mg protein. Forglucoamylase production within 4000 ml fermentation scale, the maximum enzyme specific activity, 2.58 U/mg protein, was obtained at day-S of fermentation with 300 rpm agitation, while the maximum activity of 3.47 U/mg protein and 4.71 Ulmg protein were achieved at day-6 and day-5 of fermentation process with 500 rpm and 700 rpm agitation, respectively. At this maximum condition, the use of sago starch reached 94 - 98 %, and biomass production at the end of fermentation process was 4.80 - 7.90 g [dry weight)/L medium.

RADIASI SINAR ULTRA VIOLET STRAIN ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI ALFA AMILASE Yetti M.lskandar; Linar Z. Udin; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 5, No 1 (1995)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Mutation of Aspergillus oryzae was carried out by ultra violet irradiation at 254 nm. The mutans obtained with 0, 10, 20,30, 40 and 50 minutes irradiation were screened for their amylolytic activity and alpha amylase production. The latter was carried out by aerobic fermentation using sago (Metroxylon spy starch in shake flasks for five days at 30°C with orbital shake at 120 rpm. The observation indicated that the mutant resulted from 10 minute irradiation demonstrated a maximum alpha amylase activity of 1675 Unit/g protein at day-d. The amylase activity was assayed at 40°C for 30 minute incubation. The starch utilization was 87% and 3.84 g dry weight of biomass per L medium was produced. The specific activity of alpha amylase obtained from untreated parental strain was 1069 Unitlg protein. Starch consumption and biomass production was 80% and 3.62 g dry weight/ L medium, respectively. The increase of alpha amylase specific activity at 10 minute irradiation time was 56%.

KROMATOGRAFI LAPISAN TIPIS (KLT) DAN KROMATOGRAFI CAIRAN KINERJA TINGGI (KCKT) DARI SOLASODIN, AD DAN ADD Julia Kantasubrata; Loyniwati Loyniwati; Jamilah Jamilah; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 3, No 2 (1993)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) have been used to separate solasodlne, 4androstene-3,17-dione (AD) dan 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (ADD)resulted from bloconversion process of solasodlne using Mycobacterium phlei DSM 43286. In order to minimize the consumption of materials, the separation condition of HPLC could be looked for through TLC method. Two kinds of chromatographic interaction i.e. normal phase and reversed phase chromatography using respectively silica and CIS as stationary phase have been tried. In normal phase chromatography, there are still difficulties for eluting solasodine from silica column, since solasodine has relatively low Rj value. While in reversed phase chromatography, solasodine could be eluted from CIS column, only if the mobile phase is buffered. The selection of solvent systems for this separation should also consider the relatively low UV-Cut-Off of individual solvent, since detection of solasodine requires operation at 205nm. The minimum limit detection which is measured at 240 11m was found to be 0.92 ng AD and 1.54 ng ADD, while the smallest amount of solasodine which could be detected at 205 nm was 3.39 ng. Diode array detector could be used for confirming the solute peaks produced in bioconverslon process.

PRODUKSI GLUKOAMILASE DARI RHIZOPUS ORVZAE L16 PADA MEDIA PATI SAGU (METROXYLON) YANG MENGANDUNG EKSTRAK TAUGE Yetti M.lskandar; Linar Z.Udin; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (1994)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Glucoamylase production from Rhlzopus oryzae L16 has been carrried out in a fermentation medium using sago (Metroxylon sp) starch. Various levels of mung bean sprout extract (1% - 5%) was added into the medium as vitamin source. The fermentation process was carried out at 30°C in aerobic condition with an agitation rate of 120 rpm and for five days. The results of the fermentation was compared with an other fermentation medium containing malt extract 3%. The glucoamylase specific activity of 4500 Unitslg protein, starch consumption of 62.5% and biomass produced of 2.93 g dry weighill: medium were demonstrated with the latter medium. It was found that media which contained 4% mung bean sprout extract had maximum glucoamylase specific activity of 19720 Unitslg protein at day-3. The enzyme activity was assayed at 55°C with incubation time 10 minutes. At this third day of fermentation the starch utilization reached 55.5% and the biomass production was 3.12 g dry weight/L medium.

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