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All Journal Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia

A. T. Karossi

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Author-ID : 3944090

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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PENGARUH CARA PENAMBAHAN ENZIM GLUKOAMILASE DAN ION LOGAM ALKALI DAN ALKALI TANAH PADA PROSES SAKARIFIKASI PATI SAGU A. T. Karossi; Agus Muchliawan; Linar Z.Udin; A. Sidik
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 5, No 1 (1995)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Production of glucose syrup enzymatically employs both alpha-amylase and glucoamylase. Alpha amylase acts during liquifaction while glucoamylase in the saccharification process. In the present study the glucoamylase was obtained from Rhyzopus oryzae fermentation for five days using 4 liter scale LKB fermentor. The influence of single stage and multiple stage additions of glucoamylase on alpha amylase liquified sago starch indicated no significant difference on the saccharification. The presence of 0.2 - 0.8 mM Li+, Na+, K+, Mg++, Ca++ and-Bar+ salts enchanced the glucoamylase activity whereas at the level of 1 mM they acted as inhibitors. The results of HPLC analysis of the saccharification product showed that the glucoamylase hydrolysed 83.3% of the sago starch yielding free glucose.

PENGEMBANGAN METODA ANALISA KIMIA UNTUK PEMANTAUAN PROSES FERMENTASI PEMBUATAN ASAM CUKA, ANTIBIOTIKA DAN HORMON STEROID A. T. Karossi; Julia Kantasubrata
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (1991)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Chemical analysis plays an important role in monitoring fermentationprocess and determining product quality of the process. Nowadays the development of analytical methods, which commenced from relatively conventional method to instrumental method, has become a reality. The development does not only increase either sensitivity or reproducibility, but also could identify the existence of substances produced during fermentation, which could not be achieved by conventional methods. In this article, several chemical analyses used for monitoring the production of vinegar, antibiotic and steroid harmon are described. In vinegar fermentation, analyses cover the determination of sllgars, ethanol and organic acids, while in antibiotic fermentation, in addition to determination of sugar, analyses of tetracycline derivatives as fermentation products, is also carried out. In steroid fermentation, analysis covers the determination of solasodine as substrate, AD and ADD as fermentation products.

PEMURNIAN GLUKOAMILASE DARI HASIL FERMENTASI KAPANG RHIZOPUS ORYZAE Linar Z. Udin; Rini Noviyanti; A. Sidik; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 4, No 1 (1994)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Purification of the glucoamylase R. oryzae was carried out by addition of ammonium sulfate 80% saturation, on the fermentation broth at 4°C. The precipitate formed by centrifugation at 9000 rpm was then dialyzed in buffer solution and then concentrated using freeze dryer. It was found that the specific activity of the enzyme was around three-fold higher the crudeenzyme from fermentation broth and the purity of the enzyme was almost twelve-fold.purer than the crude enzyme. The molecular weight of the glucoamylase was found to be 36,000 as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH witli soluble starch as substrate was at pH 4.5 and the optimum temperature was 55°C while the Km Value was 0.027%.

APLIKASI MEMBRAN DALAM PEMEKATAN ENZIM GLUKOAMILASE A. Syahril; S Nana; L. Z. Udin; A. Sidik; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (1993)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Preparation of glucoamylase enzyme by fermentation of sago and soy bean meals had been done. Enzyme concentration was carried out by ultrafiltration process, where polysulfone membranes were used as medium filter. Membranes used in this experiment were prepared with several treatments, such as coagulation temperature and composition and beside that effect of solvent and additive are also observed. From the results of the observation during fermentation process in enzyme preparation, its clear that pH of solution changed in that pH increased with increasing fermentation time. The highest enzyme activity was shown on the sixth day of fermentation namely 2.908 U/ml with a specific enzyme activity of 1495.8 U/g protein. There is fluctuation in protein content during [ermenuuion process, but the highest level was obtained on the tenth day [ermenuuion (3.102 mg/l). The highest specific enzyme activity was shown on the sixth day fermentation (1495.8 U1g protein). The best membrane for the enzyme concentration by ultrafiltration process in this experiment are found form the membrane prepared from dimethyl acetamide as solvent and polyvinylpyrrolidane as additive. This membrane gave rejection coefficient of more than 90% andflux as much as 20.571 l/m2.hour.

PRODUKSI ALFA-AMILASE OLEH ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE DALAM MEDIA PATI SAGU (Metroxylon sp.) S. Pudjiraharti; L. Z. Udin; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

The production 0f alpha-amylase in sago starch media by A. oryzae have-been performed in Biostat-B stirred tank fermentor with working volume of 2 L. The condition was adapted from the fermentation using Biotech fermentor: working volume 4 Liters, temperature 27°e, aeration 0,75 wm and agitation of 300 rpm. The concentrations of inoculum added into the medium were 2,5 - 3% v|v. The maximum enzyme speslfic activites around 300-460 U|g protein was obtained at fermentation using inoculum concentration of 2,5%, while the maximum enzyme specific activity of 850 U|g protein was also obtained at fermentation using inoculum concentration of 3%. The maximum enzyme specific activity was achieved at day 5 or 6 of fermentation.Fermentation using various concentrations of inoculum in erlenmeyer flask scale was carried out to investigate the inoculum concentration which resulting maximal enzyme activity. The concentrations used were 5.0%; 7.5%; 10%; and 12.5% v|v. Fermentation was done at 30°C and agitation of 120 rpm. The highest enzyme activity of 12,640 Vlg protein was resulted at fermentation with inoculum concentration of 12.5% v|v at day-5. Application into fermentator two liters at temperature 30°C, aeration 1.5 vvm and agitation of 500 rpm showed enzyme production in earlier time (one day fermentation) to achievedenzyme activity of around 1000-1300 U|g protein.

KESTABILAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI HASIL FERMENTASI MOLASE OLEH STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS ATCC 33022 Sri Handayani; Krisanti Yuwati; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (1994)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Molases and ammonium sulfate can be used as medium component to supply carbon and nitrogen respectively for production of antibacterial, through fermentation by Sirimosus ATCC 33022. During fermentation, pH, biomass and antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus were observed. The results of this investigation indicated that the antibacterial production started after 48 hours of incubation and the maximum production was achieved after 144 hours of incubation. The antibacterial agent was extracted with n-butanol of technical grade and HCI 0.1 N and purification was carried out by recrystallization with ethanol as the solvent. The yield was 50.278 mg antibacterial agent per litre of fermentation medium. The isolated antibacterial compound possesses Amax of 266 nm whereas the oxytetracycline demonstrated maximum peak at 267nm with Eo 1.8529 x 10(4) cm(-l) M(-1). Thin layer chromatography with three eluents of the standard oxytetracycline gave Rf of 0.76; 0.64 and 0.75 while the isolated compound gave 0.76; 0.65 and 0.77 for the respective eluent. HPLC analysis on J-l-bondapak C-18 column with methanol-acetonitrile-oxalic acid 0.1 M (1 : 15 : 7) being the solvent indicated that the isolated antibacterial agent and oxytetracycline standard were eluted at 4.35 minutes. Further analysis with FTIR of both isolated antibacterial agent and oxytetracycline standard had peaks at 3400, 1650-1600, 1238 and 2916-2848 cm(-1) indicating the presence of fenol, amide, amine and methyl groups. Antimicrobial activity tests during storage at 4 °C and -12°C of the isolated compound in various HCI solutions showed that HCI 0.1 N gave the best stability.

PENGGUNAAN EKSTRAKSI FASA PADAT UNTUK ANALISIS TETRASIKLIN DALAM CONTOH UDANG Evita Boes; Julia Kantasubrata; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 3, No 2 (1993)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

A great quantity of Indonesian frozen prawns were exported to Japan and America. Unfortunately these products have often been rejected due to their content of tetracycline derivative residues. Qualitative analysis of frozen prawn samples being exported by means of HPLC, indicated that they are contaminated by oxytetracycline and tetracycline residues. A problem of quantitative analysis of such residues could be due to several peaks of the matrix being eluted closely to the peaks of the tetracycline derivatives. An experiment was carried out to eliminate the peaks of the matrix origin using SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) in order to quantify the derivatives more accurately. Application of SPE in the sample pretreatment is useful not only for separating the solute being analyzed from the matrixs, but also for concentrating the tetracycline derivatives of the extract. The recovery of SPE column elution process was about 90% and the SPE octadecyl (1 ml) column capacity for oxytetracycline, tetracycline, demeclocycline and doxycycline i.e. 2.4-7.9 ug; 3.5-11.8 ug; 3.4-11.2 ug and 17.3-57.5 ug respectively.

SOLASODINE STEROID BIOCONVERSION BY MYCOBACTERIUM PHLEI DSM 43286. S. Pudjiraharti; T. A. Budiwati; J. Kantasubrata; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 2, No 1-2 (1992)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Bioconversion of solasodine by Mycobacterium phlei DSM 43286 was conducted to obtain intermediate compounds which might be used as precursor in the production of steroidal drugs, i:e androst-4-en-3, 17-dione (AD) and androsta-l,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD). M. phlei was firstly grown in nutrient broth medium at 37 °C for 8.5 hours with agitation of 200 rpm. The bacterial culture thus obtained was used as starter to inoculate the conversion medium containing 0,02% solasodine as the substrate and 0.01% 8-hydroxyquinoline as inhibitor. Bioconversion was conducted for 12 days at 37 °C using the same speed of agitation. Analysis of the bioconversion products was carried oUl using samples taken periodically at a 24-hour interval by TLC and HPLC methods. TLC analysis using chloroform-ethyl acetate (80:20) as eluent, measurement of the nuvamum wavelength and molar extinction coefficient value showed that AD and ADD was not found in the fermentation product,, but other intermediau: compound might the present. However, HPLC analysis of the fermentation products using Ik'Porasil column and benzene- ethylacetatechloroform (40:80:10) as eluent, showed -peaks with retention time similar to that of AD (during the 2nd - 9th day of incubation) and, ADD (during the 5th - 6th day offermentation) and, other unknown peaks.

Co-Authors A. S. Pramudi A. Sidik A. Syahril Agus Muchliawan Agustine, Dine Evita Boes H. Agustina J. Kantasubrata Jamilah Jamilah Julia Kantasubrata Krisanti Yuwati L. Sutedja L. Z. Udin Linar Z. Udin Linar Z.Udin Loyniwati Loyniwati M. Hanafi Ngadiman Ngadiman Patuan L. P. Siagian Rini Noviyanti S Nana S. Pudjiraharti Sri . Handayani T. A. Budiwati Tigor N. Surawidjaja Yetti M. Iskandar Yetti M.lskandar

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