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Journal : Reaktor

KARAKTERISTIK INTERAKSI MEMBRAN-FOULANT DAN FOULANT-FOULANT SEBAGAI DASAR PENGENDALIAN FOULING Heru Susanto; Asteria Apriliani Susanto; I Nyoman Widiasa
Reaktor Volume 14, Nomor 1, April 2012
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (205.241 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.14.1.17-24

Abstract

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBRANE-FOULANT AND FOULANT-FOULANT INTERACTIONS AS THE BASIS FOR CONTROL OF FOULING. Industrial membrane applications for solid liquid and liquid-liquid filtration are limited by fouling and concentration polarization. Because fouling significantly reduces the membrane performance and often changes the membrane selectivity, efforts to overcome the fouling problem are very important from practical applications point of view. This paper presents the basic knowledge required to control fouling and recent development in fouling control including the method developed by the author. Control of fouling can be done by (i) commercial membrane modification (post modification) by photo-graft polymerization, (ii) modification by polymer blending during membrane manufacturing and (iii) integration of a pretreatment into membrane processes. The results showed that all the developed methods can significantly reduce the resulting fouling; however, none of the method could totally remove the occurring fouling. The understanding of the membrane-foulant and foulant-foulant interactions is the key to success in control of fouling.Aplikasi teknologi membran untuk pemisahan padat cair di  berbagai industri dibatasi oleh peristiwa fouling yang menyebabkan penurunan laju produk dan perubahan selektifitas membran. Oleh karena itu, pengendalian fouling merupakan upaya yang mutlak harus dilakukan. Makalah ini mempresentasikan pengetahuan dasar yang diperlukan untuk pengendalian fouling dan perkembangan terkini dalam pengendalian fouling termasuk hasil-hasil yang telah dikembangkan oleh penulis. Pengendalian fouling dilakukan dengan (i) modifikasi membran komersial (post modification) menggunakan metode photo-grafting, (ii) modifikasi dengan pencampuran polimer selama proses pembuatan (polymer blend) dan (iii) integrasi unit perlakuan awal (pre-treatment) dengan proses membran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesemua metode yang dikembangkan dapat mengurangi terjadinya fouling secara signifikan. Namun, tidak ada satu pun metode yang dapat mengurangi fouling dengan sempurna. Pemahaman terhadap interaksi membran-foulant dan foulant-foulant merupakan kunci sukses dalam pengendalian fouling.
ULTRAFILTRATION AS PRETREATMENT OF REVERSE OSMOSIS: LOW FOULING ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE PREPARED FROM POLYETHERSULFONE–AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK COPOLYMER BLEND Heru Susanto; Luqman Buchori; Siswo Sumardiono; Berkah Fajar; Titik Istirokhatun; I Nyoman Widiasa
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 4, Desember 2009
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (336.104 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.12.4.203 – 210

Abstract

This paper demonstrates the preparation of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes via wet phase inversion method using either poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b- poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic®, Plu) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) as hydrophilic modifier. Their effects on membrane structure as well as the resulting membrane performance and their stability in membrane polymer matrix were systematically investigated. The investigated membrane characteristics include surface hydrophilicity (by contact angle), surface chemistry (by FTIR spectroscopy) and water flux measurement. Visualization of membrane surface and cross section morphology was also done by scanning electron microscopy. The membrane performance was examined by investigation of adsorptive fouling and ultrafiltration using solution of bovine serum albumin as the model system. The stability of additive was examined by incubating the membrane in water (40oC) for up to 10 days. The results show that modification effects on membrane characteristic and low fouling behavior were clearly observed. Further, amphiphilic Pluronic generally showed better performance than PEG.   
SINTESIS MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI NON FOULING UNTUK APLIKASI PEMPROSESAN BAHAN PANGAN Luqman Buchori; Heru Susanto; Budiyono Budiyono
Reaktor Volume 13, Nomor 1, Juni 2010
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (963.398 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.13.1.10-15

Abstract

Membran ultrafiltrasi (UF) telah terbukti sebagai proses yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi di bidang pemprosesan bahan pangan. Namun, peristiwa fouling dapat menurunkan kinerja membran secara signifikan. Meskipun banyak metode pengendalian fouling telah diusulkan, dalam banyak kasus kinerja proses sangat dipengaruhi oleh membran sebagai jantung dari proses. Dalam makalah ini pengendalian fouling dilakukan dengan memodifikasi permukaan membran dengan teknik kopolimerisasi foto-grafting. Acrylic acid (AA), acrylamido methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), dan N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-(3sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine sebagai senyawa zwitterion (ZI) digunakan sebagai monomer fungsional. Pengaruh waktu iradiasi terhadap efektifitas modifikasi telah diamati. Kinerja membran hasil modifikasi kemudian diuji dengan menggunakan berbagai model larutan foulant yang meliputi larutan protein, larutan polisakarida dan larutan polifenol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat non fouling membran sangat jelas dapat ditingkatkan baik dengan PEGMA maupun dengan ZI. Secara umum, modifikasi menggunakan PEGMA menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik. Larutan polifenol menunjukkan karakter foulant yang paling kuat diantara model foulant.
KARAKTERISASI FILM KOMPOSIT ALGINAT DAN KITOSAN Nur Rokhati; Bambang Pramudono; Nyoman Widiasa; Heru Susanto
Reaktor Volume 14, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (517.1 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.14.2.158-164

Abstract

CHARACTERIZATION OF ALGINATE AND CHITOSAN COMPOSITE FILM. Due to the specific characteristics of (thin) films, the use of polymer films in various aplications has singnificantly increased. Alginate and chitosan are natural polymers, which have potential as a raw material for the manufacture of composite films. This paper presents the preparation and characterization of alginate, chitosan and chitosan-alginate composite films. The film characterization included permeability test, degree of swelling, mechanical property, morphology (by SEM), and surface chemistry (by FTIR). The results showed that alginate films have a higher permeability ​​and degree of swelling (DS) than chitosan films. Both permeability and DS decreased with increasing concentration for both alginate and chitosan films. DS experiments showed that the films have the highest DS in water followed by ethanol 95% and ethanol >99.9%, respectively. The mechanical strength of chitosan films was larger than alginate films. Alginate-chitosan composite films prepared by layer by layer method showed better characteristics than the composite films prepared by blending of alginate and chitosan solutions. Meningkatnya aplikasi film polimer di berbagai industri tidak terlepas dari keunggulan yang dimiliki. Alginat dan kitosan merupakan polimer alam yang mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan film komposit. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan dan karakterisasi film komposit berbasis alginat dan kitosan. Karakterisasi film yang dilakukan meliputi uji: permeabilitas, derajat swelling, mekanik, morfologi (dengan SEM), dan struktur kimia permukaan (dengan FTIR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa film alginat mempunyai nilai permeabilitas maupun derajat swelling yang lebih tinggi dibanding dengan film kitosan. Baik pada kitosan maupun alginat memberikan fenomena bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi larutan maka semakin kecil nilai permeabilitas maupun derajat swelling, dengan derajat swelling terhadap air adalah yang  paling besar kemudian diikuti oleh ethanol teknis (± 95%) dan yang terkecil adalah ethanol PA (> 99,9%). Kekuatan mekanik film kitosan lebih besar dibanding dengan film alginat. Film komposit alginat-kitosan yang dibuat dengan metode layer by layer memberikan karakteristik yang lebih baik dibanding dengan film komposit yang dibuat dengan pencampuran larutan alginat dan larutan kitosan.
Influence of Microwave Irradiation on Extraction of Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste Dwi Titik Apriyanti; Heru Susanto; Nur Rokhati
Reaktor Volume 18 No. 1 March 2018
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (417.081 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.18.1.45-50

Abstract

Chitosan is natural polysaccharides which is nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible and have many advantages in various kinds of fields including health, food, agriculture, and industry. Chitosan usually take long time to extract by conventional method for deacetylation process of chitin. Raw material for chitosan can be found in shrimp shell waste. Chitosan manufactures usually need high temperatures and chemicals in large quantities and it takes much time and consumes a lot of energy where will give bad effect to the environment. Recently microwave irradiation as nonconventional energy sources is widely used in chemical reactions. To reduce the impact of environmental pollution due to excessive use of chemical treatment, the objective of this work is processing chitosan under microwave irradiation. Expected production of chitosan with the same mass requires fewer chemicals than conventional heating. In particular, the study will examine the effect of making the chitosan and adding chemicals, reaction time and operating temperature and degree of deacetylation in chitosan with conventional heating methods that the results will be compared using a microwave. In this research will be developed to the design and fabrication of prototype scale extractor for manufacturing chitosan from shrimp shell waste after optimum results obtained from the research laboratory scale. From the research we can conclude that microwave will speed up reaction time. FTIR also showed functional group of chitosan formed from microwave irradiation have same results.  Keywords: chitosan, shrimp shells, microwave