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EDUKASI TEKNOLOGI MEMBRAN UNTUK PENYEDIAAN AIR BERSIH DI KECAMATAN SEMARANG SELATAN -JAWA TENGAH Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Heru susanto; Nita Aryanti; Nur Rokhati; I Nyoman Widiasa
Jurnal Pasopati : Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Inovasi Pengembangan Teknologi Vol 2, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Air merupakan kebutuhan dasar bagi manusia, kebutuhan akan air bersih terus meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan manusia. Jumlah air di bumi cenderung tetap, namun kualitas air terus menurun akibat pencemaran. Oleh sebab itu perlu adanya upaya pengolahan air menjadi air bersih sebelum di konsumsi. Semarang selatan merupakan sebuah kecamatan di Kota Semarang yang memiliki posisi strategis karena dekat dengan kota. Letak daerah yang berada pada daerah padat penduduk mengakibatkan sulitnya akses air bersih. Air yang diambil dari air sumur memiliki kualitas yang kurang bagus dimana air yang dihasilkan sedikit keruh dan berbauh amis. Selama ini warga berinisiatif menggunakan tawas sebagai bahan untuk menjernihkan air, namun residu tawas dalam air menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan pada tubuh. Oleh sebab itu, pengolahan menggunakan membran diterapkan untuk mengolah air tersebut menjadi lebih bersih. Teknologi membran tidak membutuhkan bahan kimia tambahan serta biaya operasi yang cukup murah. Kegiatan penyuluhan teknologi membran untuk mengolah air bersih telah dilakukan di Kelurahan Bulustalan Rt 02 RW 03 Kecamatan Semarang Selatan. Sebagai luaran dan juga hasil dari pengabdian ini, dibuatlah makalah/modul pelatihan perancangan filtrasi membran skala rumah tangga untuk mengolah air sumur tercemar menjadi air bersih yang layak konsumsi..
Porous Si (111) Fabrication Using Electrochemical Anodization: Effects of Electrode Distance and Current Density Risa Suryana; Fauzi Ahmad Bogas; Kuwat Triyana; Khairurrijal Khairurrijal; Heru Susanto
Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika Vol 9, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtaf.v9i1.2705

Abstract

Porous silicon (PSi) has developed for many applications such as gas and humidity sensors. Various methods are available to fabricate PSi, and electrochemical anodization is common due to low cost and easy use. Current density, etching/anodization time, type of etching solution, and electrode distance are the parameters determining resulting pores. The substrate used n-type silicon wafer with (111)-orientation and resistivity of 1.5-4.5 Ω.cm with a size of 1.5×1 cm2. The cleaning process of the samples employed the RCA cleaning procedure. Conductive contacts required for the electrochemical anodization were aluminum on the samples. The electrodes were the Si sample acting as anode and platinum (Pt) electrode as a cathode. The etching solution using a mixture of HF (40%) and ethanol (99%) with a 1:1 ratio. The electrode distance was 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 cm. The current density for each electrode distance was 10, 30, and 50 mA/cm2 with an anodization time of 30 min. SEM and UV-Vis characterizations were applied to obtain surface morphology and reflectance, respectively. For all samples, the reflectance of PSi was lower than the reflectance of the original silicon surface (no pores). This condition indicates that the PSi is suitable as an anti-reflective layer in a solar cell. However, the PSi of reflectance curves has irregular shapes as a function of wavelength for different electrode distance and the current density. The SEM images confirmed that the pores formed on the silicon surface were inhomogeneous. The pore size decreased with the increase of the electrode distance while it increased as the increase of the current density. There was a correlation between pores size and reflectance at specific wavelength numbers.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Study of Proton Exchange Polymer Membrane Properties of Sulfonated Copolymer Eugenol-diallyl Phthalate Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana; Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya; Gunawan Gunawan; Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Heru Susanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.55353

Abstract

Synthesis biopolymer of sulfonated copolymer eugenol-diallyl phthalate (PEGDAF), its characterization, and study of proton exchange polymer membrane properties had been done. This synthesis was conducted by eugenol and diallyl phthalate reaction to form PEGDAF, which is sulfonated using sulfuric acid. In addition, the functional groups of the PEGDAF and its sulfonated form were analyzed using FT-IR. Furthermore, the polymer properties were determined by measuring values of sulfonation degree, cation exchange capacity, proton conductivity, and water uptake. FT-IR spectra showed that the vinyl group had been added to the process of PEGDAF formation, while spectra deconvolution was used to confirm the occurrence of sulfonation reaction. The sulfonation of PEGDAF in 2 h optimum reaction time produces a black solid with a melting point of 133 °C in 16.55% yield. The highest proton conductivity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and water uptake were 8.334 × 10–6 S cm–1, 0.44 meq/g, and 73.0%, respectively.
Hydrocracking of Coconut Oil on the NiO/Silica-Rich Zeolite Synthesized Using a Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant Sriatun Sriatun; Heru Susanto; Widayat Widayat; Adi Darmawan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.55522

Abstract

NiO/silica-rich zeolite catalysts were used for coconut oil hydrocracking. The catalyst was prepared with a mixture of Na2SiO3, Al(OH)3, NaOH, and quaternary ammonium surfactants. The surfactant was varied of types like as tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The acidity of the silica-rich sodalite zeolites enhances with the increase in nickel oxide added through a wet impregnation. The hydrocracking process was carried out by a semi-batch method. Liquid products were analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that the addition of surfactants increased the catalyst surface area and acidity. Meanwhile, the presence of nickel oxide increases the acidity of the catalyst. The hydrocracking results showed an increase in gas products when the surface area was high, i.e., 23.781% in silica-rich sodalite zeolite without template (Z), 32.68% in silica-rich sodalite zeolite with tetrapropylammonium (ZTPA), and 39.673% in silica-rich sodalite zeolite with cetyltrimethylammonium (ZCTA). The presence of NiO increased the liquid product and the selectivity of the bioavtur fraction (C10-C15), where the highest percentage of liquid product was 60.07% at NiO/ZTPA.
Neutralization Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using NaOH at PT. Jorong Barutama Grestone, Tanah Laut, South Borneo Umi Baroroh Lili Utami; Heru Susanto; Bambang Cahyono
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol3.iss1.art3

Abstract

Acid mine drainage (AMD)  is mine water with a low pH derived from the oxidation of pyrite containing sulfide with water and air to produce sulfide acid (H2SO4) containing free sulfate. Acid mine drainage treatment carried out at PT Jorong Barutama Greystone Tanah Laut uses limestone at a cost of Rp.220. - per cubic meter of water. This study was conducted to determine the use of technical NaOH for changes in mine acid quality (pH. Fe and Mn). The method carried out by active handling is by adding technical NaOH into mine acid water. The results showed that neutralization of acid mine drainage using technical NaOH 10% to pH 8. was able to reduce Fe by 18.60 - 25.42% and Mn by 31.95 - 39.27%. at a cost of Rp.327. - per meter cubic of water
Silica-rich Sodalite Synthesis: The Effect of Variations in Ultrasound Treatment and Hydrothermal Temperature Sriatun Sriatun; Marta Chandra Anikke Putri; Hanifa Zakiyatul Urbach; Adi Darmawan; Widayat Widayat; Heru Susanto
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 25, No 4 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 4 Year 2022
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3852.166 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.4.137-145

Abstract

Silica-rich sodalite zeolite has been synthesized by ultrasound treatment and hydrothermal temperature variation. This study aimed to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment and hydrothermal temperature variations on the crystallinity, hydrophobicity, and structural properties of silica-rich sodalite zeolite. The synthesis was conducted by reacting a sodium aluminate and sodium silicate solution by varying Si/Al ratios of 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 90. The next step was to characterize the product. The product with the best crystallinity was used as a reference to determine the effect of ultrasound and hydrothermal temperature. The reaction gel was treated with and without ultrasound and hydrothermal using autoclave at 100, 150, and 200°C for 24 hours. The last step was the product characterization using XRD, FTIR, and GSA. The XRD showed similarity peaks at 2θ = 14.058°; 24.41°; 31.73°; 34.75°; 42.88°. The best crystallinity was silica-rich sodalite zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 30. Meanwhile, silica-rich sodalite zeolite peaks were obtained at 2θ = 14.16°, 24.66°, 31.99°, 35.13°, and 43.39° by ultrasound treatment and hydrothermal temperature variation (100, 150, and 200°C). Ultrasound treatment revealed the presence of other peaks besides sodalite at 2θ = 19.05° and 27°, where these peaks were referred to as SAPO-56. In conclusion, the degree of crystallinity increased with increasing temperature, decreasing Si-OH/Si-O-Si showed increased hydrophobic properties. Increasing the hydrothermal temperature of 150 and 200°C with and without ultrasound treatment increased the surface area significantly to 114.137 m2/g and 160.717 m2/g, and the pore volume of sodalite with a Si/Al ratio of 30 to 0.318 cc/g and 0.274 cc/g.
Influence of Microwave Irradiation on Extraction of Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste Dwi Titik Apriyanti; Heru Susanto; Nur Rokhati
Reaktor Volume 18 No. 1 March 2018
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (417.081 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.18.1.45-50

Abstract

Chitosan is natural polysaccharides which is nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible and have many advantages in various kinds of fields including health, food, agriculture, and industry. Chitosan usually take long time to extract by conventional method for deacetylation process of chitin. Raw material for chitosan can be found in shrimp shell waste. Chitosan manufactures usually need high temperatures and chemicals in large quantities and it takes much time and consumes a lot of energy where will give bad effect to the environment. Recently microwave irradiation as nonconventional energy sources is widely used in chemical reactions. To reduce the impact of environmental pollution due to excessive use of chemical treatment, the objective of this work is processing chitosan under microwave irradiation. Expected production of chitosan with the same mass requires fewer chemicals than conventional heating. In particular, the study will examine the effect of making the chitosan and adding chemicals, reaction time and operating temperature and degree of deacetylation in chitosan with conventional heating methods that the results will be compared using a microwave. In this research will be developed to the design and fabrication of prototype scale extractor for manufacturing chitosan from shrimp shell waste after optimum results obtained from the research laboratory scale. From the research we can conclude that microwave will speed up reaction time. FTIR also showed functional group of chitosan formed from microwave irradiation have same results.  Keywords: chitosan, shrimp shells, microwave
Penyuluhan Pencegahan Demam Berdarah dan Pelatihan Pembuatan Abate Alami dari Tanaman Sereh di Desa Bendiljati Wetan Sumbergempol Heru Susanto; Novintan Elistya
Jurnal Kreativitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) Vol 5, No 8 (2022): Volume 5 No 8 Agustus 2022
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/jkpm.v5i8.6340

Abstract

ABSTRAK Peningkatan penderita DBD dipengaruhi faktor cuaca dan tingkat kesadaran masyarakat dalam menjaga kebersihan lingkungan, diperkirakan tahun ini yaitu 2022 terjadi ledakan kasus. Khususnya pada desa Bendiljati Wetan berdasarkan pemaparan tenaga kesehatan dari sarana kesehatan atau Ponkesdes, kasus DBD pada daerah tersebut masih sangat tinggi hingga menyebabkan kematian pada warga desa Bendiljati Wetan. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah meningkatakan pengetahuan tentang demam berdarah dan pembuatan abate alami dari tanaman sereh masyarakat Desa Bendiljati Wetan Sumbergempol. Kegiatan berupa pelatihan pembuatan abate yang terbuat dari batang sereh dan penyuluhan terkait pencegahan dan pemberantasan nyamuk dan jentik nyamuk, khususnya penyebab demam berdarah. Kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pembuatan abate batang sereh dapat meningkatkan manfaat dari batang sereh dan juga meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat sebesar 80% tentang pencegahan penyakit DBD secara alami. Kata Kunci: Demam Berdarah, Sereh, Jentik Nyamuk.  ABSTRACT The increase in dengue fever sufferers is influenced by weather factors and the level of public awareness in maintaining environmental cleanliness, it is estimated that this year, namely 2022, there will be an explosion of cases. Especially in the village of Bendiljati Wetan, based on the exposure of health workers from health facilities or Ponkesdes, cases of DHF in the area are still very high, causing death to residents of Bendiljati Wetan village. The purpose of this service is to increase knowledge about dengue fever and the manufacture of natural abate from the lemongrass plant of the people of Bendiljati Wetan Sumbergempol Village. Activities in the form of training in making abate made from lemongrass stems and counseling related to the prevention and eradication of mosquitoes and mosquito larvae, especially the cause of dengue fever. Extension activities and training on making lemongrass stem abate can increase the benefits of lemongrass stems and also increase community knowledge by 80% about natural prevention of dengue disease.Keywords: Dengue Fever, Lemongrass, Mosquito Larvae
SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN WAKAF DI INDONESIA Heru Susanto
Bilancia: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum Vol. 10 No. 2 (2016): BILANCIA
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24239/blc.v10i2.290

Abstract

Endowment practice in Indonesia has been accepted by the societies (customary law) since the first time of Islam comes to Archipelago. It is designated by the establishment of mosques being built on waqf land. Subsequent to Indonesia's liberty, the government issued several regulations regarding waqf, such as Government Regulation No. 28 of 1977 concerning Perwakafan Tanah Milik (Endowment of freehold estate), PMA No. 1 of 1978 concerning Implementing Regulation Government Regulation No. 28 of 1977 concerning waqf lands, Islamic Law Compilation (KHI), and other regulations. Devining to the enahncement of waqf law, it is necessary to review the historical overview deeply to recognize the development of waqf in the Indonesia
ISBAT WAKAF SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TANAH WAKAF YANG BELUM BERSERTIFIKAT Heru Susanto
Bilancia: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum Vol. 11 No. 1 (2017): BILANCIA
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24239/blc.v11i1.299

Abstract

Wakaf disputes are found in many places in Indonesia. One of thereasons is that there are many wakaf land that has not been registered(certified) to the authorized official. So it caused that the wakaf landstill do not have certainty and the protection of clear law. This issueencourages legal experts to provide solutions to uncertified wakafland. The solution to provide protection for the wakaf land is theemergence of isbat wakaf as a solution to solve the problems of wakafland that has not been certified.Isbat wakaf aims to provide law protection of wakaf land, justifyingprevious law acts such as waqif, nadzir, and managers, and used asevidence in the certification of waqf objects, giving full advocacy tothe disputed waqf land or legally problematic. Isbat wakaf is theauthority of the Religious Court, this is based on Law no. 14 of 1970amended by Law no. 4 of 2004 on Judicial Power and Law no. 3 of2006 on Amendment to Law no. 7 of 1989 on Religious Courts. InLaw no. 14 of 1970 amended by Law no. 4 of 2004 on Judicial Poweris set forth in Article 2, paragraphs 1 and 2, and Law no. 3 of 2006 onReligious Courts Article 49