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Estimasi Tinggi Badan Berdasarkan Panjang Telapak Tangan dan Panjang Telapak Kaki Santosa, Novian Anindito; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Suwandono, Adji
Nexus Kedokteran Klinik Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Kedokteran Klinik
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background: Body height measurement is one of forensic identification examinations. One of evidence that probably found in forensic cases is hand length or foot length. This research aimed to the know correlation between hand length and body height, foot length and body height, and also hand length and foot length with body height. Methods: This research was descriptive analytic with cross-sectional study design. The research was held in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret with 40 samples of students which consisted of 24 males and 16 females. Independent variable of this research werehand and foot length. Hand length was measured with caliper, foot length was measured with plan A4 paper and ruler. Dependent variable of this research was body height estimation which was measured with microtoise. Samples obtained were measured height, hand length and foot length. The result obtained was tested with double linear regression test. Results: The statistical analysis result for regression test partially obtained that right hand length had correlation score (r) 0,971 (p=0,000), left hand length had correlation score (r) 0,968 (p=0,000),right foot length had correlation score (r) 0,975 (p=0,000), left foot length had correlation score (r) 0,973 (p=0,000). While the result of double linear regression test had correlation score (r) 0,999 (p=0,000). Conclusions: There was correlation between hand length and body height, foot length and body height, and also hand length and foot length with body height. Keywords: Body height,hand length  foot length.  
HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI LEBIH DAN LAMA MENSTRUASI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA SISWI SMA DI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI Sandy, Yatty Destani; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Indarto, Dono
Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan Vol 2, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Gizi Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Abstrak Latar Belakang: Anemia pada remaja merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global. Anemia dapat disebabkan oleh rendahnya asupan besi, status gizi lebih, usia menarche dini dan kehilangan darah. Siswi dengan status gizi lebih dapat mengalami anemia karena akumulasi lemak dalam jaringan adiposa yang dapat meningkatkan produksi sitokin proinflamasi. Peningkatan kadar sitokin tersebut menyebabkan kadar hepsidin meningkat sehingga menurunkan absorbsi besi. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan status gizi lebih, usia menarche dan lama menstruasi dengan kejadian anemia pada siswi SMA di Kabupaten Boyolali. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Teknik sampling menggunakan Multi Stage Sampling untuk menentukan subjek penelitian pada siswi kelas X. Pengumpulan data usia menarche dan lama menstruasi menggunakan kuisioner, status gizi diukur dengan antopometri, pengukuran kadar Hemoglobin menggunakan metode cyanmethemoglobin. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik chi square dan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil: Sebanyak 53,3% siswi mengalami anemia. Obesitas ditemukan sebesar 87,8% pada siswi dengan status gizi lebih. Siswi yang memiliki status gizi lebih berisiko secara signifikan sebesar 6,273 kali untuk mengalami anemia (p = 0,013). Semakin lama seorang siswi mengalami haid akan berisiko 4,848 kali untuk mengalami anemia (p = 0,003). Simpulan: Status gizi lebih dan lama menstruasi secara bersama sama berhubungan positif dengan kejadian anemia. Siswi diharapkan dapat mengontrol berat badan dan menghindari makanan yang dapat mengganggu penyerapan zat besi, perlu penyediaan suplementasi zat besi disekolah. Kata Kunci: Status gizi Lebih, Usia Menarche, Lama Menstruasi, Anemia.
Hubungan Teknik, Frekuensi, Durasi dan Asupan Energi Ibu Menyusui Eksklusif dengan Berat Badan Bayi Usia 1-6 Bulan di Kecamatan Tasikmadu Kabupaten Karanganyar Sari, Dewi Kartika; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Anantanyu, Sapja
Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Gizi Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Latar Belakang: Berat badan merupakan indikator pertama dalam menilai pertumbuhan bayi. Upaya untuk meningkatkan berat badan bayi diperlukan gizi yang maksimal dan ASI merupakan makanan utama bagi bayi terutama pada usia 1-6 bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengnalisis faktor yang berkaitan dengan pemberian ASI dan dilihat pencapaian berat badan. Faktor yang dimaksud meliputi teknik, frekuensi, durasi menyusui dan asupan energi dengan berat badan bayi usia 1-6 bulan. Metode: Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah kohort prostektif karena mengikuti berat badan bayi selama 4 bulan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 1-6 bulan yang diambil secara purposive sampling pada titik awal penelitian berjumlah 60 responden dan dropout sebayak 14 responden sehingga yang dapat dianalisis sebesar 46 responden. Analisis data secara bivariat dilakukan dengan chi square dan multivariate dengan uji regresi logistic ganda. Hasil: Ada hubungan antara teknik menyusui dan berat badan bayi (p=0,003), ada hubungan antara frekuensi menyusui dengan berat badan bayi (p=0,018), ada hubungan durasi menyusui dengan berat badan bayi (p=0,001) dan ada hubungan antara asupan energi dengan berat badan bayi (p= 0,000). Asupan energi merupakan yang paling berpengaruh diantara variabel lainya dengan exp(B) sebesar 38,822 yang berarti jika asupan energi ibu menyusui baik maka beresiko 38,822 kali mengalami kenaikan berat badan. Kesimpulan: Asupan energi merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan dengan berat badan bayi usia 1-6 bulan. Kata Kunci: Teknik Menyusui, Durasi Menyusui, Frekuensi Menyusui, Asupan Energi Ibu menyusui, Berat Badan Bayi
Pengaruh Pendidikan Gizi melalui Teknik Simulasi Monopoli terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan, Perilaku Mengkonsumsi Protein, dan Perubahan Kadar Hemoglobin Remaja Putri Anemia Karunia, Yuniarti; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Anantanyu, Sapja
Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan Vol 2, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Gizi Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Abstrak  Latar Belakang : Masa remaja merupakan masa transisi yang rawan terhadap masalah gizi khususnya anemia. Berbagai pendidikan gizi telah dilakukan, tetapi belum ada terobosan terbaru dalam mengatasi angka kejadian anemia yang cukup tinggi. Melalui pendidikan gizi di sekolah yang dikemas dengan permainan menarik akan menumbuhkan kreativitas (learning by playing). Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan jenis experimental menggunakan rancangan pre-post test with control group. Subjek penelitian remaja putri dengan kadar Hb<12 gr/dl di SMAN 5 dan 6 Kota Madiun. Penentuan tempat penelitian dipilih menggunakan metode Multistage Sampling. Sebanyak 145 siswi dari dua sekolah dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin dan ditemukan 40 anak anemia. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner, wawancara, pengukuran antropometri, dan pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin dengan metode digital (hemoglobin testing system Quick-Check). Data dianalisis dengan uji t-independent untuk melihat perbedaan pengetahuan, perilaku mengkonsumsi protein, dan kadar hemoglobin. Hasil Penelitian : Ada perbedaan pengetahuan sesudah pendidikan gizi antara kelompok ceramah dan monopoli (p=0.008). Ada perbedaan perilaku konsumsi protein sesudah pendidikan gizi antara kelompok ceramah dan monopoli (p=0.015). Ada perbedaan peningkatan kadar hemoglobin sesudah pendidikan gizi antara kelompok ceramah dan monopoli (p=0.009). Simpulan Penelitian : Pendidikan gizi melalui teknik simulasi monopoli lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, perilaku mengkonsumsi protein, dan kadar hemoglobin dibandingkan metode ceramah.  Kata Kunci : Simulasi monopoli, Pengetahuan, Perilaku Mengkonsumsi Protein, Kadar Hemoglobin
Perbedaan Pengaruh Pelajaran Gizi Menggunakan Media Animasi Dan Ceramah Terhadap Pengetahuan Gizi, Sikap Dan Perilaku Konsumsi Buah Dan Sayur Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Anggraeni, Enggar; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Hanim, Diffah
Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan Vol 1, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Gizi Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret

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ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Konsumsi buah dan sayuran yang cukup merupakan salah satu indikator gizi seimbang. Anak SD memiliki persepsi yang positif terhadap buah  dan sayuran tetapi perilaku makan anak SD masih belum memenuhi angka kecukupan gizi (AKG) atau sebatas sebagai pelengkap saja. Pelajaran gizi merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku konsumsi buah dan sayur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh  pelajaran gizi menggunakan media animasi dan ceramah terhadap pengetahuan gizi, sikap dan perilaku konsumsi buah dan sayur pada anak sekolah dasar.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-experimental (pre-post test with control group design). Subjek penelitian adalah   anak kelas III yang terdaftar di 4  sekolah  dasar negeri yang terakreditasi A  di kecamatan  Kota Kediri, Jawa Timur. Subjek diambil secara cluster random sampling sebanyak 92 anak. Tehnik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara langsung dan pengisian kuesioner pengetahuan gizi, sikap dan perilaku konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak SD. Data dianalisis dengan analisis uji t-independent  dengan  tingkat  kepercayaan  95% (α=0,05), dan diolah dengan SPSS 17,0 for Windows.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan sampel perempuan sebanyak 51 anak (55,44%) dan laki-laki 41 anak (44,66%). Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh sebelum pelajaran gizi menggunakan media animasi  dan ceramah terhadap pengetahuan gizi pada anak sekolah dasar secara signifikan (p=0,000), tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh setelah pelajaran gizi menggunakan animasi dan ceramah terhadap pengetahuan gizi pada anak sekolah dasar secara signifikan (p=0,397). Tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pelajaran gizi yang signifikan menggunakan media animasi dan ceramah terhadap sikap gizi pada anak sekolah dasar secara signifikan (p=0,160) begitu juga setelah pemberian pelajaran gizi (0,689). Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh sebelum pelajaran gizi yang signifikan menggunakan media animasi dan ceramah terhadap perilaku konsumsi buah dan sayur pada anak sekolah dasar (p=0,029) begitu pula sesudah pemberian pelajaran gizi (0,046).Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap pengetahuan  gizi dan sikap anak setelah intervensi menggunakan media animasi tetapi tidak terhadap perilaku konsumsi buah dan sayur pada anak. Kata Kunci: Media animasi, Pengetahuan Gizi, Sikap, Perilaku buah dan sayur
Analysis of Patient Safety Management in Committee for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety at Sumbawa Hospital, West Nusa Tenggara Sulahyuningsih, Evie; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Joebagio, Hermanu
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Patient safety is a crucial issue and a focus of policy standard in internationally accredited organizations. The specific committee responsible for quality improvement in patient safety is the committee for quality improvement and patient safety (PMKP). Incidence of malpractice often occurs but are not reported. It indicates that the committee has not worked according to required accreditation standard. This study aimed to analyze patient safety management with the committee for quality improvement and patient safety at Sumbawa Hospital, West Nusa Tenggara. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with phenomenology approach. Nine study participants were selected purposively, consisting of 3 committee members (chairperson, secretary, and patient safety sub-committee), 3 chiefs of ward (pediatrics, internal medicine, and surgery), and 4 nurses or midwives (pediatrics, surgery, ICU/ICCU, and obstetrics).Results: The committee for quality improvement and patient safety has been established at Sumbawa Hospital, West Nusa Tenggara to meet the requirement of hospital accreditation standard. It aimed to improve the quality of services and to assure patient safety. However, its work has not meet the required standard. The lack of knowledge among involving parties, including hospital management, PMKP member, medical professionals was identified as one important obstacle for the implementation of patient safety management. This has led to the incidence of malpractice at the hospital, sub-standard quality of services and patient safety.Conclusion: PMKP has been established at Sumbawa Hospital, West Nusa Tenggara. However, their work have not meet the required standard. The lack of knowledge among involving parties, including hospital management, PMKP, and health professional, has led to the incidence of malpractice at the hospital, sub-standard quality of services and patient safety.Keyword: quality improvement, patient safety management, committeeCorrespondence: Evie Sulahyuningsih. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Mobile: 08786410495.Journal of Health Policy and Management (2017), 2(2): 147-156https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2017.02.02.06 
Path Analysis on the Biopsychosocial Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Depression at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta Budiarti, Esty; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Adriani, Rita Benya
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a a major disease that is threatening global population health. This disease ranks third by global public health priority. The incidence of type 2 DM in 2014 was 442 million patients worldwide. Indonesia is one of 10 countries with high DM incidence. The incidence of type 2 DM in Indonesia in 2014 was 10 million patients. This study aimed to examine the biopsychosocial determinants of type 2 Diabetes Melitus and depression at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, using path analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with case control design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from August to October, 2017. Sample consisting of 100 patients type 2 DM  and 100 non DM patients were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was type 2 DM. The independent variables were body age, mass index, education level, occupation, stres, family income, comorbidity, activity, and family history of type 2 DM. The data were collected using medical record and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of type 2 DM increased with higher body mass index (b= 2.66; 95% CI= 1.41 to 3.91; p<0.001), higher income (b=-0.93; 95% CI= -1.90 to 0.045; p=0.062), older age (b= 2.88; 95% CI= 0.62 to 5.15; p= 0.013), presence of DM family history (b= 2.56; 95% CI= 1.45 to 3.68; p <0.001), and comorbidity (b= 3.25; 95% CI= 2.07 to 4.43; p<0.001). The risk of depression increased by type 2 DM (b= 1.032; 95% CI= 0.42 to 1.63; p= 0.001). Body mass index increased with higher physical activity (b= -1.41; 95% CI= -2.03 to -0.79; p<0.001). Income increased with high education level (b= 2.58; 95% CI= 1.83 to 3.33; p<0.001). High physical activity increased with occupation (b=0.96; 95% CI= 0.38 to 1.53;p= 0.001).Conclusion: The risk of type 2 DM increased with higher body mass index, higher income, older age, presence of DM family history, and comorbidity.Keyword: biopsychosocial determinants, type 2 DM, depressionCorrespondence: Esty Budiarti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email:estybudiarti21@gmail.com.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(1): 1-14https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.01.01 
Determinants of the Quality of Life for Hemodialysis Patients Pratiwi, Danies Tunjung; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Suryono, Arief
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of changes in activity, psychology and life. Analysis of the use of hemodialysis on quality of life was carried out as a treatment eva­lu­a­tion to maintain the survival of CKD patients. This study aimed to determine the determinants qu­a­­lity of life among he­modialysis patients.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Hospital Hemodialysis Unit Dr. Hardjono, Ponorogo, East Java, in April 2019. A total sample of 200 hemodialysis patients we­­re selected using simple random sampling. The dependent variable was the quality of life of he­mo­­dialysis patients. The independent variables were age, gender, education, type of financing, fa­mi­ly­ income, stress, frequency of hemodialysis, level of physical dependence, comorbidity, and so­cial group. The data of life quality were collected using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQoL) SF-36 questionnaire and analyzed using multiple logistic regressions.Results: The quality of life of hemodialysis patients was affected by age ≥ 50 years (b = -1.40; CI 95% = -2.42 to -0.36; p = 0.008), severe stress (b = -1.73; CI 95% = -2.91 to -0.54; p = 0.004), had co­­­morbidity (b = -1.25; CI 95% = -2.29 to -0.23; p = 0.017), male sex (b = 1.48; CI 95% = 0.41 to 2.54; p = 0.007), education high (b = 1.46; 95% CI = 0.43 to 2.50; p = 0.006), family income ≥ mi­ni­­mum wage (b = 1.98; 95% CI = 0.75 to 3.20; p = 0.002), PBI financing type (b = 1.69; 95% CI = 0.40 to 2.98; p = 0.010), frequency of hemodialysis often (b = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.20 to 2.22; p = 0.019), independent physical dependence level (b = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.33 to 2.49 ; p = 0.011), and has a social group (b = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.12 to 9.65; p = 0.031).Conclusions: Age, gender, education, type of financing, family income, stress, frequency of he­mo­di­a­lysis, level of physical dependence, comorbidity, and social group affect the quality of life of he­mo­­dialysis patients.Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, quality of life, hemodialysis, social group.Correspondence: Danies Tunjung Pratiwi. STIKES Buana Husada, Jl. Gabah Sinawur 9A, Ponorogo 63411, Jawa Timur. Email: daniestunjung@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285229-209108Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(2): 145-154https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.02.08
Factors Affecting Occurrence of Depression in Patients with Cervical Cancer at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, Central Java: A Path Analysis Model Shinta, Dewi; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Soemanto, RB
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Cervical cancer is in the second place among the incidence of new cases and in thethird highest death from cancer. Cancer depression and severity generally occur together with psychological problems, such as anxiety, pain and fatigue. Most studies in cancer patients have focused on morbidity or mortality more due to the risk of depression. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence depression in cervical cancer patients.Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from September to October 2019. A sample of 200 cervical cancer patients was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was depression. The independent variables were marital status, education, occupation, family income, peer support, family support, health personnel support, coping strategy, cancer stage, frequency of chemothe­rapy, and length of illness from diagnosis. Depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire. The other data were collected by medical record and question­naire. The data were analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13.Results: Severe depression in cervical cancer patients was directly increased by the frequency of chemotherapy 3 times (b= 1.80; 95% CI= 0.11 to 3.49; p= 0.037), advanced stage (b= 2.50; 95% CI= 0.18 to 4.82; p= 0.035), and length of illness from diagnosis ≥11 months (b= 2.27; 95% CI= 0.57 to 3.96; p= 0.009). Severe depression was directly decreased by high coping strategy (b= -6.33; 95% CI= -8.68 to -3.98; p<0.001). Severe depression was indirectly affected by peer support, family support, support of health personnel, family income, occupation, education, and marital status.Conclusion: Severe depression in cervical cancer patients is directly increased by the frequency of chemotherapy 3 times, advanced stage, and length of illness from diagnosis ≥11 months. Severe depression is directly decreased by high coping strategy. Severe depression is indirectly affected by peer support, family support, support of health personnel, family income, occupation, education, and marital status.Keywords: depression, cervical cancer, path analysisCorrespondence: Dewi Shinta. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: shintadw94@gmail.com. Mobile: 08236495­0175Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(4): 338-350https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.04.09
Factors Affecting The Cost Gap Between INA CBGs Tariff and Hospital Tariff for Patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Ngawi Regional Public Hospital, East Java Ariwardani, Betty Nurizky; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has a high cost burden. Payment for hospital treatment was paid by Health insurance (BPJS) with a case based payment method in the era of the National Health Insurance. This method allowed the hospital to gain profit or loss. This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the differences in Indonesian Cased Based Groups (INA CBGs) with the medical service costs for DHF in dr. Soeroto hospitals, Ngawi Regency.Subjects and Method: This study used an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach conducted at dr. Soeroto Hospital, Ngawi Regency, East Java in September - October 2019. A sample of 200 subjects was selected by using simple random sampling. The dependent variable was the difference in rate. The independent variables were class of care, length of stay, age, blood transfusion, comorbidity and complications. Data analysis was using multiple linear regression with Stata 13.Results: INA CBG rates (mean= Rp 6,120,000; SD= Rp 2,330,000) was lower than the cost of hospital treatment (mean= Rp 7,070,000; SD= Rp 4,650,000). There is a negative relationship between the difference in rates and it was statistically significant on the length of stay (b= 0.73; Cl 95%= -1,131,915 to -329,501; p= <0.001), patients? age (b= 0.41; Cl 95%= -707,099 to -110,293; p= 0.008), blood transfusion action (b= 0.79; Cl 95%= -1,549,446 to -34,190; p= 0.041), and comorbidity (b= 1.14 ; Cl 95%= -1,817,112 to -474,641; p= 0.001). While there was a statistically insignificant relationship between classes of care (b= 0.42; Cl 95% = -931,443 to 82,607; p= 0.100) and complication (b= 0.34; Cl 95%= -1,093,208 to 408,223; p= 0.369).Conclusion: Difference in INA CBG rates and hospital medical service costs were affected by the class of care, length of stay, age, blood transfusion, comorbidity and complications.Keywords: INA-CBG?s rates, hospital rates, care cost, dengue hemorrhagic fever.Correspondence: Betty Nurizky Ariwardani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: bettyna175@gmail.com. Mobile: 082233243164.Journal of Health Policy and Management (2019), 4(3): 204-213https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2019.04.03.08