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Heterogeneity in Torajan Ritual Speech: Metalinguistic Awareness and the Nation’s Character Building Sandarupa, Stanislaus; Assagaf, R.S.M.; Hasyim, Husain
SOSIOHUMANIKA Vol 8, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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Abstract

ABSTRACT: The research is aimed at studying heterogeneity in Torajan ritual speech through the process of entextualization. The research shows that in the event of speaking by a single speaker, there occurs the process of the decontextualized text segments from other genres of prose narrative, such as historical narratives, myths, legends, and poetic argumentation, which is then recontextualized in the present performance. The method used is participant observation. The field notes are analyzed from domain, taxonomic, componential, and thematic analysis. The techniques used are recording, videotaping, and field notes. The research has two findings: ethnographic and academic. Ethnographically, it is found that the Torajan ritual speech spoken by a single speaker, the “tomina”, is actually heterogeneous. Theoretically, it shows that homogeneity in language is tenable only if evaluation is based on grammar. However, this research is able to show the heterogeneity in Torajan ritual speech. The sources of the texts are “retteng”, poetic argumentation, and the myth of “Tulang Didi”. The values of the three forms of life, such as human beings, animals, and plants, are found. From this appear, the harmonious relations between human and God, human and human, human and animals, and human and plants. These values may contribute to the nation’s character building.KEY WORD: Heterogeneity, metalinguistic awareness, entextualization, ritual speech, nation’s character building, and Toraja people. RESUME: “Heterogenitas dalam Tuturan Ritual Toraja: Kesadaran Metabahasa dan Pembangunan Karakter Bangsa”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari heterogenitas dalam tuturan ritual di Toraja lewat proses entekstualisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam peristiwa tutur yang dilakukan oleh seorang penutur terjadi proses dekontekstualisasi segmen teks dari jenis-jenis narasi prosa, seperti narasi historis, mitos, legenda, dan argumentasi puitik yang direkontekstualisasikan ke dalam performansi sekarang. Metode yang dipakai adalah observasi partisipan. Hasil catatan lapangan dianalisis dari sudut domain, taksonomik, komponensial, dan tematis. Teknik penelitian yang dipakai adalah rekaman, video, dan catatan lapangan. Ada dua hasil penelitian: etnografi dan akademik. Secara etnografis, tuturan ritual Toraja yang dituturkan oleh satu orang, “tomina”, sebenarnya heterogen. Secara teoretis, diketengahkan bahwa homogenitas dalam bahasa hanya bisa dipertahankan kalau dilihat dari sudut tata bahasa. Namun, penelitian memperlihatkan heterogenitas dalam tuturan ritual Toraja. Sumber-sumber teks adalah “retteng”, argumen puitik, dan ceritera Tulang Didi. Ditemukan nilai-nilai tiga pucuk kehidupan, seperti manusia, hewan, dan tanaman. Nilai-nilai ini memperlihatkan relasi antara manusia dengan Yang Kuasa, manusia dan manusia, manusia dan hewan, serta manusia dengan tanaman. Nilai-nilai ini dapat dipakai untuk memperkokoh pembangunan karakter bangsa.KATA KUNCI: Heterogenitas, kesadaran metabahasa, entekstualisasi, tuturan ritual, pembangunan karakter bangsa, dan bangsa Toraja.    About the Authors: Stanislaus Sandarupa, R.S.M. Assagaf & Husain Hasyim are Lecturers at the Faculty of Humanities UNHAS (Hasanuddin University) Makassar, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10, Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Corresponding author is: torindo@indosat.net.idHow to cite this article? Sandarupa, Stanislaus, R.S.M. Assagaf & Husain Hasyim. (2015). “Heterogeneity in Torajan Ritual Speech: Metalinguistic Awareness and the Nation’s Character Building” in SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Vol.8(1) Mei, pp.29-38. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press, UNHAS Makassar, and UNIPA Surabaya, ISSN 1979-0112. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (April 28, 2015); Revised (May 20, 2015); and Published (May 30, 2015).
Poured from the Sky: The Story of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Cérékang Forest Conservation Andi Muhammad Akhmar; Fathu Rahman; Supratman Supratman; Husain Hasyim; M. Nawir
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i2.15176

Abstract

The Cérékang people are often used as an example of how Indigenous Peoples successfully carry out traditional conservation of customary forests. This article aims to investigate the conditions that sustain the forest conservation in Cérékang by using Berkes’s (2008) concept of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and Houde’s (2007) six dimensions of TEK as the framework. Data collections were obtained through literature review, direct observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with key informants. The results of the study are as follows: First, the mythical construction around the area of forest is connected to their cosmology and stories of origin associated with the La Galigo epic, and the Cérékang people have developed protective attitudes towards forests consistent with the term “sacred ecology”. Second, such an attitude is endured by the ethics that respect the intimate relationship between humans, nature, and spiritual realms, which is subsequently manifested through prohibitions to enter the sacred forest except for ritual. This implies that the Cérékang people rely on symbolic knowledge, not technical knowledge, to protect the forest. The protected forest does not only provide cultural ecosystem services but also regulates services that indirectly benefit the Cerekang People such as flood prevention. Yet, the uncertain legal status of the sacred forest and the activities of a mining company around the area pose threats for continued conservation efforts. Consequently, to exercise direct control over the sacred forest area, new community organizations are integrated with customary institutions formed with support from NGOs, local government, and universities. This can be seen as their adaptation strategy to survive and conserve the forest amid ongoing challenges.