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Kardiyono Tjokrodimuljo
Jurusan Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Fakultas Teknik, UGM
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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PEMANFAATAN BATU “APE“ DARI SUNGAI LUA KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN BANGUNAN Pongajow, Gerson; Satyarno, Iman; Tjokrodimuljo, Kardiyono
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 2 (2008): MEI 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Talaud Archipelago Sub-Province is one of the Sub-Provinces in North Sulawesi Province, the growing result of Sangihe and Talaud Archipelago Sub-Province in 2002. This growth followed by the development in all fields, including the infrastructure development which is based stone from outside of the island. This research is done to explore the local potential and also to test laboratory that the local stone can be used as alternative construction materials. In this study, there are 85 stone cube which are used to test it’s strength. Each variant of test is 5 stone and the factor will be given to the stone is the temperature which is 200oC, 400oC, 600oC and 800oC in 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. And then follow by checking the rout aggregate nature. Next step is to make concrete which is made by the mix of the aggregate of “Ape” stone and the sand from River Lua Talaud Archipelago and also concrete which is used the mix of the “Ape” stone aggregate and the sand from mount Merapi in Yogjakarta. The result shows that the heat of “Ape” stone can increase the strength of the stone. In the beginning, the strngth is 6,052 MPa., and then maximum increase until 37,43 MPa., after been heated in 400oC temperature for 120 minutes. The aggregate of the“Ape” stone which is been heated includes the lightweight aggregate which can be used directly as an alternative of Red Stone. Concrete as the mix of the “Ape” stone which is heated before, and the sand from Lua River with fas of value 0,5 and 410 kg/m3 cement weight. the weight of ratio concrete 2, 04 kg/dm3 and strength 12, 88 MPa, and also concrete which is mix by the “Ape” stone and the merapi mount sand with fas of value 0,5 and 410 kg/m3 cement weight, the weight of ratio concrete 2,12 kg/dm3 and strength 15,79 MPa. Result, the concrete is the lightweight concrete with the B0 and B1 class. So the conclusion is the “Ape” stone, can be use as an alternative of construction material.
BATAKO STYROFOAM KOMPOSIT MORTAR SEMEN Wancik, Ahmad; Satyarno, Iman; Tjokrodimuljo, Kardiyono
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 2 (2008): MEI 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Research in construction material by exploiting styrofoam as lightweight concrete, gives result that a construction material will have a lighter weight if it is mixed with styrofoam, and achieve a lower strength. This research were try to improve the strength of styrofoam concrete block composite by giving cement mortar mixture as an outer layer. The specimen of concrete block composite will be made with concrete method of preplaced concrete, where initially by putting down the concrete block composite with styrofoam into a mold according to various thickness of outer layer required, and mortar mixture as outer layer around it. It was found that the compressive strength of concrete block with various outer layer thickness of 5, 10, and 15 mm without cord net were reached at 2.52 MPa, 5.44 MPa and 7.49 Mpa respectively with weight per piece were 7.60 kgs, 9.06 kgs, and 10.23 kgs. The compressive strength of concrete block with cord net size 100 mm² were reached 3.27 MPa, 5.75 MPa and 8.58 MPa respectively with same various outer layer thickness and weigh per piece reached at 8.06 kgs, 9.15 kgs, and 10.28 kgs. Water absorption of outer layer were achieved 2,01 % and 7,06 % for soaking during 10 minutes and 24 hours respectively. Generally, the composite styrofoam concrete block with cement mortar outer layer thickness of 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm has meet a clauses of SNI requirements to solid concrete block for concrete block quality IV, quality III and quality II.
PEMANFAATAN KULIT ALE-ALE SEBAGAI AGREGAT KASAR DALAM PEMBUATAN BETON Suratmin, Suratmin; Satyarno, Iman; Tjokrodimuljo, Kardiyono
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 2 (2007): MEI 2007
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

At present cockle shells of ale-ale are used only as materials of heaping up muddy yards or roads in Ketapang City. Therefore, it is a challange to conduct study to utilize cockle shells of aleale as aggregate for concrete. It is expected that the result of this study can not only give additional economicall value for cockle shells of ale-ale, but also reduce impacts on environment. In the present research, intact and broken cockle shells were used as concrete aggregate mixed with white sand, and white Portland cement. The amount of cement used is 300 kg/m3. The composition of both intact and broken cockle shells of applied in the research was 100%, 75%, 25%, and 0%. The specimen of intact cockle shells ale – ale was made in various shape and size namely sylinder-shaped models of ∅150 x 300 mm and ∅80 x 160 mm and a ‘concrete brick’-shaped model, while specimen broken cockle shells of ale-ale were sylinder-shaped models of ∅150 x 300 mm and ∅80 x 160 mm, a cube-shaped model of 70 x 70 x 70 mm and a ‘paving block’- shaped model. The research aims at finding the compressive strength of 28 days old, abration of concrete, and impact resistance of concrete. From the result of the research, it can be identified that the specific gravity of concrete with intact and broken cockle shells of ale-ale with the variation of 50% corresponds to a ‘normal concrete’ category. While specific gravity the intact cockle shells with variation of 50% is 2367.82, the broken cockle shells with the variation of 50% is 2302,66. Based on the result, it can also seen that with the variation of 50%, the highest compressive strength of concrete in the mixture of intact cockle shells of ale-ale is 24.98 MPa, and for broken cockle shells of ale-ale is 27.53 MPa.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KERTAS KORAN UNTUK PEMBUATAN PANEL PAPERCRETE Gunarto, Arief; Satyarno, Iman; Tjokrodimuljo, Kardiyono
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 2 (2008): MEI 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

The availability of natured material for construction is so limited and in the other hand it’s demand increase. The consequence is try to explore alternative materials such as waste material which has not been explored as construction material. The recycled paper were chosen to be used as a filler component and mixed with cements as a bonding agent. Hence paper fiber include other paper ingredients will become construction material and at the same time to minimized the impact of waste paper to environment. One of the way to enhanced the paper and cements mixture quality as a component of concrete panel were by adding an admixture. Cements and water mixture are the bonding agent, while the filler material are paper and sugar cane admixture as the retarder. This mixture can be categorized as a light concrete. If it used as a papercrete panel will be the alternative building element to reduc dead load for the main structures. A light concrete panel from a mixture of news paper powder and white cement as a bonding agent, forms panel through cold pressed process. Papercrete panel and cube are made for sample with size 420 x 420 x 7 mm³ and 50 x 50 x 50 mm³ respectively. The volume ratio of paper - cements mixture were 2, 3, 4, are made of two condition i.e. without admixtures and with 0,2% sugar cane admixtures concentration by cement weight. The research will find out papercrete unit weight, flexural strength panel, cubical compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption and the price of concrete panel at every cubic and square meter. The result is concrete unit weight ranges from 840 - 933 kg/m³, the highest flexural strength papercrete panel reached at volume ratio of paper - cements mixture 2 with sugar admixture was 8,36 MPa. The highest the compressive strength reached at the volume ratio of paper – cements mixture 2 with sugar cane admixture was 2,48 MPa. The highest modulus of elasticity at the volume ratio of paper - cements mixture 3 with sugar admixture was 6,48 MPa with water absorption still above 50%. that is lower water absorption 56,93% at volume ratio of paper - cements mixture 2 with sugar cane admixture and the highest absorption at volume ratio of paper - cements mixture 4 was 84,23%. While the increasing of paper powder in mixture, concrete unit weight, flexural strenth, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity papercrete becoming lower with the increasing of water absorption. Addition of sugar cane 0,2% by cements weight haves an flexural strength improvement up to 7,66%, and enhanced compressive strength 50,24%, improvement concrete weight equal to 4,71% and reduced adsorption until 10,7%, but in papercrete product with sugar cane admixture doesn't have significant effect of production budget.
PENGGUNAAN GULA PASIR LOKAL SEBAGAI PLASTICIZER PADA ADUKAN MORTAR UNTUK PEMBUATAN CONBLOCK Rifany K., Dian; Satyarno, Iman; Tjokrodimuljo, Kardiyono
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 3 (2008): SEPTEMBER 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Cement mortar (cement, sand and water mixture) has been widely applied as building materials, such as cement plaster, conblock, concrete brick, roof tile, etc. To obtain good quality conblock, one of the efforts is by adding cane sugar the plasticizer into a mortar mixture. Although cane sugar addition can reduce the use of cement and water, but the mortar workability degree can still be maintained. Reduction of the cement used also reduces the cost needed to make the cement mortar, which produces a more economical conblock. The objective of this research is to identify the cement ratio, specific gravity, compressive strength, water absorption, and endurance of the conblock through the abrasion test. This research was carried out in the Construction Material Laboratory of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Gadjah Mada University. Conblocks used as samples were ones produced by Diamond Baru Conblock Baru Yogyakarta. The materials for producing material consisted of Portland cement Type I produced by Gresik cement factory, and sand from Krasak River in Yogyakarta. The local cane sugar used was produced by Madukismo Sugar Factory in Yogyakarta. The mixture samples were made using cement-sand at various ratios of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6. For each ratio, two types of samples were made and one of them was added with cane sugar at 2% of the cement weight. Twenty samples of conblock specimens were made for each variation, both for with and without cane sugar addition. The conblock dimension was 200 x 100 x 80 mm. The specimens were given fresh and hardened conblock test and measurement after 28 days after they were made. The research results indicated that cane sugar addition gave insignificant effect to the reduction of cement and water in the mixture because plasticizer material reached cement decrement less than 3%. The compressive strength decreased to 2.5%, 10% and 9% than the normal conblock at the volume ratios of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6, respectively. Results of compressive strength test showed that samples met the conblock quality standards as referred by SII 0819-83 class I and II. Material cost of conblock m3 with cane sugar addition was 3% cheaper than normal conblock.
BETON NON PASIR DENGAN AGREGAT DARI BATU ALAM (BATU APE) SUNGAI LUA KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD SULAWESI UTARA Trisnoyuwono, Diarto; Tjokrodimuljo, Kardiyono; Satyarno, Iman
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 19, No 1 (2009): JANUARI 2009
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Timber supply is diminishing in addition to the trend to lower quality but higher cost of wood production manufacturing. However, because the demand of this material continues, an alternative or substitution on the use of timber, such as bamboo laminated, is desirable. Having susceptible character to powder by beetles attack, bamboo must be passed through preservation process before it is applied as laminating materials, but chemical preservative materials used in industrial process ring negative impacts to the environment. One of human and environmental friendly preservatives is the tobacco extract. Nevertheless, the most effective concentration of tobacco extract and its influence to the adhesive materials have not been well recognized. This research objective was to investigate the influence of tobacco extract to the natural and mechanic behaviour of laminated bamboo. Dried tobacco flake was mixed with water in variable concentration of 100, 125, 150 and 175 gram/liter. Bamboo split were given treatment in boiling water with tobacco extract solutions. As benchmarking, bamboo split also preserved with boiling water (without preservatives materials) and 5% concentration of borax. Non preservative bamboo was used as the control. The result of experiment showed that 150 gram/liter tobacco extract concentration of caused 61,33% insect mortality and 1,87% decreased weigh, which is effective to be used as preservative in compare to other three concentrations. Water content and density observation showed that preservation using 150 gram/liter extract tobacco comparing to non preservative boiling preservation, produced smaller value of water content and larger value of density than borax preservative. Preservation using 150 gram/liter tobacco extract produced highest value of compression parallel to grain and modulus of the bamboo elasticity Petung mechanic properties were 277,95 MPa and 170,34 MPa, respectively. Mechanical properties of laminated bamboo that were significantly influenced by preservative variation showed that highest values for compression parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity were 66,09 MPa and 127,12 MPa, respectively and reached by preservation using 100 gram/liter of tobacco extract.
Co-Authors Ahmad Wancik Arief Gunarto Dian Rifany K. Diarto Trisnoyuwono Gerson Pongajow Iman Satyarno Suratmin