Anna Febriani
Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

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Metastasis Kanker Paru: [Lung Cancer Metastatic] Anna Febriani; Achmad Furqon
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 4 No. 3 (2018): September 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (773.163 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v4-I.3.2018.94-101

Abstract

Metastasis is the ability of cells to escape from the primary tumor, then enter the circulation to the distant tissue and form a secondary tumor. There are hemodynamic hypothesis (anatomical) and seed and soil hypothesis (molecular recognition). Tumor cells spread through several ways: percontinuitatum, lymphogen, hematogenous, transluminal, transcelomic, and iatrogenic. The stages of the metastasis process include: detachement, invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and angiogenesis. Predilection of lung cancer metastasis often happens in the brain, bones, liver, and adrenal glands. The spread of lung cancer metastasis to the brain, bone, and liver occurs hematogenously. Adrenal glands metastasis ipsilateral occurs lymphatically, while contralateral occurs hematogenously. Lung cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, because in the early stage it is often asymptomatic. Metastasis of lung cancer to distant organs is the most cause of lung cancer deaths.
Efek Samping Hematologi Akibat Kemoterapi dan Tatalaksananya : [Hemathologic Adverse Effect Related to Chemotherapy] Anna Febriani; Yuly Rahmawati
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 5 No. 1 (2019): Januari 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (753.892 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v5-I.1.2019.22-28

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Asia. In Indonesia, it contributes the highest number to cancer incidence in male and is ranked fifth in female cancer incidence. Determinated attempts have been delivered to eliminate cancer with chemotherapy being the most important management strategy for advance stage lung cancer. As most medicines come with side effects, so does chemotherapy. Beside killing the target cells, the cytotoxic compound of cancer drug may also seriously alter normal cells. Therefore, formidable toxic effect of chemotherapy to normal tissue becomes the main problem, which clinicians should consider. Myelotoxicity is one of the most common chemotherapy-induced adverse events. It takes place in bone marrow-producing regions causing netropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia. Each of those cytopenias requires separate intervention.  This article will review the physiology of hematopoiesis, pathophysiology of cytopenias, and current guidelines and recommendations for prevention and treatment of myelotoxicity of cytotoxic chemotherapy.