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All Journal IJEAS (International Journal of Environment, Architecture, and Societies)
Ferenc Zamolyi
Department of Building history and Building Research, Faculty of Architecture, TU Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Environmental Science Social Sciences

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The Significance of Traditional Materials and Their Substitution with Newly Available Materials: The Effects on House Form of the Atoni Building Culture Ferenc Zamolyi
International Journal of Environment, Architecture, and Societies Vol. 1 No. 02 (2021): Academic issues in urban and settlement relevances to Environment, Architectur
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Services of Universitas Tanjungpura and Center of Southeast Asian Ethnicities, Cultures and Societies (Joint collaboration between Universitas Tanjungpura and National Taitung University)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (982.283 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/ijeas.2021.1.02.95-110

Abstract

This article focuses on the region of Central Timor, settled by the Atoni Meto people, who live in round houses built on the ground. There seem to have developed local peculiarities in vernacular architecture, which require the use of wooden materials of different size, shape and state of processing. Changes in local vernacular architecture were also induced by the recent availability of modern materials such as bricks, concrete and corrugated iron. The aim of this article is to explore how such building materials are used and whether they are/ can be integrated into local vernacular building traditions. Fieldwork conatining architectural survey was conducted in Timor in May 2004 in Maubesi, and in June 2011 near Soe and  Nikiniki (villages None, Supul and Boti)  and Kefamenanu (among others the villages of Fafenesu, Maslete and Tamkessi). Some of the materials seem to have a strong effect on the layout or design of the buildings, whereas in other cases, such effects are far more subtle. In some cases, the new materials are used to imitate the more traditional ones, with astonishing results, and often incorporating structural details from the older technology and traditional materials which are copied. New materials already influence the building due to their different, new properties, and designs are devised to adapt to these changes, which in the end result in an altered building. In other cases, there is no compatibility at all, and old forms and designs are abandoned in favour of a new concept supported by new materials
Change of shape, size and form related to traditional and new materials in Atoni buildings in Central Timor: A comparison of the region near Nikiniki, Soe and Kefamenanu Ferenc Zamolyi
International Journal of Environment, Architecture, and Societies Vol. 2 No. 01 (2022): Cultural Heritage Conservation to Preserve the Environment, Architecture, and
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Services of Universitas Tanjungpura and Center of Southeast Asian Ethnicities, Cultures and Societies (Joint collaboration between Universitas Tanjungpura and National Taitung University)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/ijeas.2022.2.01.27-42

Abstract

This article is the second part of the analysis of the author´s field research, which was conducted in Timor in May 2004 in Maubesi, and in June 2011 near Soe and Nikiniki and Kefamenanu. The paper focuses on the region of Central Timor, settled by the Atoni Meto people, who live in round houses built on the ground. The house form and materials utilised differ somewhat in the higher regions of Central Timor and the lower-lying Eastern parts of Central Timor. The aim of this article is to explore how such building materials are utilised and whether they are or can be integrated into local vernacular building traditions. New materials are often used to imitate the more traditional ones, often incorporating structural details from the older technology and traditional materials which are copied. In other cases, new materials lead to a change in the appearance and structure of vernacular buildings. New materials already influencing the building due to their different, new properties, and designs are devised to adapt to these changes, which in the end result in an altered building. It appears that the highland regions of Central Timor near Soe and Nikiniki use a more conservative house design while in the region around Kefamenanu modern materials are more present in vernacular architecture. The use of concrete and corrugated iron to build lopos (traditional granaries and community buildings) is striking and has produced a new version of the traditional lopo.
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