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PENGARUH BEBERAPA SPESIES FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT PINANG HUTAN (Areca catechu L.) Yuliati, Ira Yuliati; Yusran, Yusran; Irmasari, Irmasari
Jurnal Warta Rimba Vol 3, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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Areca catechu L. is one the member of Palmae family that grow widely in Pacific, Asia and East Africa. Seed propose marriage to obtained from betelnut which have [in] paring. Seed propose marriage to known as by one of mixture eat the a kind of plant. Others, Seed of good for food-stuff, industrial raw material like cloth colourant, and medicinize. Like also frond propose marriage to the, seed even also need the processing to get the the product. Seed propose marriage to this exploited by as drug, worm drug, eczema, toothache, flu, hurt, scabies, difteri, menstrual pain in bone, nosebleed, sprue, mencret, scabby, ulcer. A study on the effects of some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species on the growth of Areca catechu L. seedlings was conducted at the greenhouse of Forestry Faculty, Tadulako University, Central Sulawesi. The research was conducted from Pebruary to May 2014.The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with four treatments;without mycorrhizal inoculation/control (M0), Glomus mosseae (M1), Glomus etunicatum (M2) and Glomus clorum (M3). Five replication of each treatment combination was used for this study. Observation Parameters consist of seedling height increment, stem diameter increment, and increment of leaf number per plant. The results showed that treatments of FMA species had significant effect on the seedling height increment, stem diameter increment and increment of leaf number per plant. Better A. catechu seedlings growth was achieved by both AMF species treatments compared to control treatments. Therefore, both AMF species are recommended for bio-fertilizer at nursery stage of A. catechu L. Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Seedling growth, Areca catechu L.
PENGARUH BERBAGAI KOMBINASI CAMPURAN SERBUK KAYU GERGAJIAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus) Marno, Marno; Yusran, Yusran; Erniwati, Erniwati
Jurnal Warta Rimba Vol 3, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of some sawdust combinationsas growth medium on the growth and the yield of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The research was conducted at Boyaoge village, Palu, Central Sulawesi from February to April 2013. This study used experimental method by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with sixsawdust combination treatments, i.e; sawdust of Palapi (Heritiera sp.) and Cempaka (Elmerrilia sp.) (M1), Palapi (Heritiera sp.) and Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) (M2), Palapi (Heritiera sp.) and Durian (Durio sp.) (M3), Cempaka (Elmerrilia sp.) and Durian (Durio sp.) (M4), Cempaka (Elmerrilia sp.) and Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) (M5) and Durian (Durio sp.) and Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) (M6).The results showed that all combinations of sawdust significantly affected all growth variables assessed. Combination of Cempaka and Gmelina sawdust (M5) gave the higher of the number of fruiting bodies (5,8) and cap length (5,376 cm). Combination of Cempaka and Palapi sawdust (M1) gave the higher of cap diameter (10,028 cm). Hence, combination of Palapi and Gmelina sawdust (M2) gave the higher of fresh weight of fruiting bodies (98,6 g), while combination of Durian and Gmelina sawdust (M6) gave the higher of dry weight of fruiting bodies (5,8 g). Keywords: Growth Medium, Combination, Sawdust, Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus).
PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI MAHONI (Swietenia macrophylla King) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR (Glomus mosseae) Hijrawati, Hijrawati; Yusran, Yusran; Rahmawati, Rahmawati
Jurnal Warta Rimba Vol 3, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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Swietenia macrophyllah King is known as wide leaf including Meliaceae family. Mahoni wood has many functions such as furniture material, ship material, pattern maker, crafts, and traditional medicine. Many medical treatments have used this plant traditionally. Micoriza is a mutualism symbiosis between fungi and high level of plant root system aims to find out the response of mahoni seedling growth (Swietenia macrophyllah King) toward the application of various arbuscular micoriza fungi dozes. The research was conducted from December 2013 to February 2014 in Green House and Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Forestry Faculty, Tadulako University, Palu of Central Sulawesi. It employed Complete Random Design method (RAL) consisting of 5 treatments namely: M0 = without micoriza application (control), M1= Glomus mosseae 5g/seedling, M2= Glomus mosseae 10g/seedling, M3= Glomus mosseae 15g/seedling, M4= Glomus mosseae 20g/seedling. Those five treatments were repeated as 10 times so the total is 50 units of treatments. The result indicates that the giving of various dozes of FMA significantly influence toward the parameter of high growth, diameter, leaves number, and dry weight, mahoni seedling leading of nine weeks after planted, however, it is not significantly influence toward the parameter of other plants growth such as leading wet weight, root wet weight, or the root dry weight. The dozes 20 grams/seedling give response to seedling growth mahoni better than the other dozes or the control. Keywords: Doses, Fungi mycorrhizal arbuscular (FMA), Swietenia macrophylla King.
SIFAT KIMIA TANAH PADA HUTAN PRIMER, LAHAN AGROFORESTRI DAN PERKEBUNAN KAKAO DI SUB DAS WERA SALUOPA DESA LEBONI KECAMATAN PAMONA PUSELEMBO KABUPATEN POSO Ola Barek, Joko Suyono; Yusran, Yusran; Irmasari, Irmasari
Jurnal Warta Rimba Vol 3, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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Land use and forest harvesting (timber and non-timber) is conducting logging activities that could lead to the opening of ground cover. This activity will lead to disruption of physical properties, chemical and biological soil, especially in the surface layer of soil.The purpose of this study was to determine the physical properties of soil on different types of land use, ie in primary forests, agroforestry and cocoa plantations in Sub Das Wera Saluopa which is part of the watershed area and Maraoa Koronjongi which took place in mey until July 2013. The study was conducted, the various types of land use in several stages starting from the orientation of the field, the determination of sample plots (primary forest, cocoa plantations and agroforestry land) soil sampling, laboratory analysis of soil samples and analysis of data, both field data as well as data from laboratory. Methods of implementation research is done in several stages starting from the orientation field, the determination of sample plots in different land use types (primary forest, cocoa plantations and agroforestry land) soil sampling, laboratory analysis of soil samples and analysis of data, both the data and the data from the field from the laboratory. For site selection was purposive sampling is the Saluopa Wera Sub-watershed, in the village of Leboni, District Puselemba Pamona, Poso district of Central Sulawesi.The results showed that the physical properties of the soil at various types of land use in the watershed Wera Sub Saluopa have sandy loam soil texture, soil permeability varies from very slow (primary forest) to very fast (agroforestry) soil porosity 49.93% (primary forest) , 54.04% (cocoa plantation) with high bulk density ≥ 1.0 with organic ingredients is the most high-growth forests (7.09) followed by cocoa plantation (5.86) and agroforestry land (4,12). Keyword: Primary Forest, Cocoa Plantations, Agroforestry.
KERAGAMAN JENIS RAYAP PADA BERBAGAI TIPE PENGGUNAHAN LAHAN DI DESA RAHMAT KECAMATAN PALOLO KABUPATEN SIGI Saldi, Saldi; Wardah, Wardah; Yusran, Yusran
Warta Rimba Vol 3, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Warta Rimba

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Termites play important roles in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil structure in tropical rain forests. When forests are replaced by agriculture, termite species richness, abundance, and function often decline. This research was aimed to determine diversity and composition of termites in three land use types (community forest, simple and complex agroforestry). The method used in this study is collecting termites sampled on transects measuring 2 x 100 m, divided into 20 sections (2 x 5 m). The collected samples were collected for identification purposes. Variables measured the diversity of termites which includes the type and number of species (species richness) found in each land use. Diversity and abundance of species of termites were analyzed using the Shannon Diversity Index-Wienner (Shannon & Weaver, 1994 in Magurran, 2004). The results showed that the total number of termite species founded in both area was 6 species comprising 2 families, i.e; termitidae and rhinotermitidae. Alpha diversity of termite founded in community forest was 4 species, and 5 species founded in complex agroforestry and 3 species founded in simple agroforestry. The highest frequency of termite species was 0,5 that achieved by Odontotermes sp in community forest and simple agroforestry, while the lowest frequency was 0,05 that achieved by Schedorhinotermes sp. in community forest. Further, the Shannon species diversity Index (H’) of each land use types were 0,93, 0,95 and 1,47 in simple agroforestry, community forest and complex agroforestry, respectively. Keywords: Diversity, Termites, Land use types.
PENGARUH MIKORIZA DAN ARANG PADA MEDIA TUMBUH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI MAHONI ( Swietenia macrophylla King.) Lisda, Lisda; Umar, Husain; Yusran, Yusran
Jurnal Warta Rimba Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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Mahogany (Swietania macruphylla King) is an introduced timber species and a priority in the current development of plantation forests. This species has a quite good market in the timber trade in indonesia. It is used as material for furniture, building and construction. Charcoal contains C (carbon) elements, and pores containing hydrocarbons and other organic compounds, i.e. water,  nitrogen , and sulfur. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mycorrhizal and charcoal on growth media on the mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) seedling growth. The study was conducted from March to May 2014 in Permanent Nursery of BPDAS Palu-Poso- Tadulako University, Palu, Central Sulawesi. This study was organized with a completely randomized design (CDR), which consisted of 7 treatments, namely: MO = top soil media without mycorrhiza (control); M1= top soil + micorrhiza; AK = top soil + wood charcol; AT = top soil + coconut shell charcoal; MAK = top soil + mycorrhiza + wood charcoal; MAT = top soil + mycorrhiza + coconut shell charcoal; MKT = top soil + mycorrhiza + wood charcoal + coconut shell charcoal. These treatments were replicated five times each, so tge total sample were 35 experimental units. The honestly significant difference test (HSD) was used to determine the difference between treatments. The study result indicate that treatments (mycorrhizal soil, wood charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, wood charcoal + mycorhizal, coconut shell charcoal+ mycorrhizal, wood charcoal mycorrhizal + coconut shell carcoal) might increase significantle growth of mahogany seedlings  compared to the control (without application of FMA). The seven treatments give significant difference to the height, number of leaves, and the diameter of mahogany seedling except for the control treatment.Key words: Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King), Mikoriza, Seedling growth
SIFAT FISIKA TANAH PADA BERBAGAI TIPE PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI SEKITAR TAMAN NASIONAL LORE LINDU (STUDI KASUS DESA TORO KECAMATAN KULAWI KABUPATEN SIGI SULAWESI TENGAH) Rustam, Rustam; Umar, Husain; Yusran, Yusran
Jurnal Warta Rimba Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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The physics characteristics of soil have  relation to the soil capability to store water, drainage, root penetration, air circulation, and soil substances binding.` Toro village is one of some villages around the Lore Lindu National Park, which area consist of some types of land uses, such as primary (Wana), Secondary (Pangale) and agroforestri (Pahawa Pongko) forest. The research was conducted on May up to the month of July 2015, that located around Lore Lindu National Park, Toro village, Kulawi subdistrict, Sigi district, Central Sulawesi. The research was done by doing survey of the location, deciding the spot of sample plot, taking sample of the soil in the laboratory. To determine the location, it was done purposively (purposive sampling) and took the sample of the soil in the depth of ≤ 30 cm. The data gathered from the laboratory then analized descriptively, describing the physics characteristics of the soil. The result of the research showed that the texture of the soil in the primary and secondary forest was clay and in the agroforestry was dusty clay. The permeability of the soil of the agroforestry land was 28,49 cm/hour, the secondary forest was 23,26 cm/hour and the primary forest was 8,39 cm/hour. The axis of the soil in the agroforestry land was 66,19%, the secondary forest was 58,41% and the primary forest was 48,78%. The soil Bulk Density of the agroforestry forest was 0,90 g/cm3, the secondary forest was 1,09 g/cm3, and the primary forest was 1.36 g/cm3.Keywords : Phyisics characteristics of the soil, land use, Lore Lindu National Park.
IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT TEGAKAN KEMIRI (Aleurites moluccanna WILD) PADA UMUR 7 DAN 10 TAHUN DI DESA TOAYA KECAMATAN SINDUE KABUPATEN DONGGALA Victor, Victor; Rahmawati, Rahmawati; Yusran, Yusran
Jurnal Warta Rimba Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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Hazelnut plant consisted of several types, including Aleurites moluccanna derived from Malaya Peninsula, Aleuritis fordi derived from China middle and montana grows in subtropical areas and allegedly originated from South China and Indochina Aleurites cordata from Japan to grow on the island near Tokyo. The nature of hazelnut plant species differ from one another Aleurites moluccanna wild plant height can reach 39 m with a trunk diameter of 110 cm. This plant was grown as a crop ever reforestation to cover the sandy hills in Java. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of disease, symptoms of frequency and intensity of the residual disease hazelnut (Aleurites moluccanna Willd) in the village Toaya Sindue District of Donggala Regency. This research was started in May - July 2014 stands hazelnut area in the village Toaya Sindue Donggala District of Central Sulawesi province. Identification of symptoms (symptoms) done by looking at the physical plant changes due to disease, such as the existence of cancer stem on pecan stands. To determine the types of diseases that attack plants used identification method is direct observations in the field. For species not yet known, the sample was taken and subsequently collected in the identification of the agriculture faculty in a Tadulako University laboratory for identification purposes. The results showed that the types of pathogens that attack the disease stands hazelnut (Aleurites moluccanna Willd) at the age of 7 and 10 in the village of Toaya there are 4 types including leaf blight disease, cancer stem, leaf spot diseases and diseases of the stands hazelnut (Aleurites moluccanna Willd ). By the age of 7 years on average was 63.3% and 39.8%, and at age 10 the average was 66.5% and 36.3%. Criteria residual damage hazelnut (Aleurites moluccanna Willd) by the age of 7 and 10 years, including being damaged criteria.Keywords: Identification, Disease, Stands, Pecans.
SIFAT KIMIA TANAH PADA BERBAGAI TIPE PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI SEKITAR TAMAN NASIONAL LORE LINDU (STUDI KASUS DESA TORO KECAMATAN KULAWI KABUPATEN SIGI SULAWESI TENGAH) Azmul, Azmul; Yusran, Yusran; Irmasari, Irmasari
Jurnal Warta Rimba Vol 4, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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Over the function of land can affect soil condition that involve either chemical, physical or  biological characteristic of it. Soil chemical component that affected by : soil pH, C-organic, N, P, K and Cation Exchange Capacity. Toro village in Sigi Subdistrict is a village nearby Lore Lindu National Park that has different types of  land use. The research aimed to find out the soil chemical characteristic in various types of land uses around Toro village, Kulawi subdistrict, Sigi District, Central Sulawesi. The research was conducted on May up to the month of July 2015, on three types of land uses were primer forest (Wana Ngkiki), secondary forest (Pangale) and agroforestry land  (Oma) around Lore Lindu National Park, Toro village, Kulawi subdistrict, Sigi district, Central Sulawesi. The research started by doing  field survey, deciding sample swath spot, taking soil sample, analyzing soil sample in laboratorium. Deciding spot of taking soil sample was done purposively (purposive sampling) which done in the depth of  ≤ 30 cm. The result of the research showed that the soil chemical characteristic of various types of land uses was varies. Soil in primer forest (Wana Ngkiki) had chemical chracteristic as follows: pH (H2O) that tended to be acid 5.05, C-organic 3,56 %, N-total 0,63 %, T- available (Bray I) 1,49 ppm, K-total 0,96 mg/100g and CEC 28,83 cmol (+) kg-1. Soil chemical characteristic of secondary forest (Pangale) was pH (H2O) 4.78, C-organic 1.54 %, N-total 0.49 %, P-vailable (Bray I) 4.97 ppm, K-total 4.57 mg/100g dan CEC 8,46 cmol (+) kg-1. The soil chemical characteristic of  agroforestry land (Oma) was pH (H2O) 5.05, C-organic 1.39 %, N-total 0.13 %, P-available (Bray I) 5.35 ppm, K-total 3.73 mg/100g and CEC 8.93 cmol (+) kg-1.Keywords : Soil Chemical Characteristic, Land Use,  Lore Lindu National Park
SIFAT FISIK TANAH DI BAWAH TEGAKAN EBONI (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) DI DESA KASIMBAR BARAT KECAMATAN KASIMBAR KABUPATEN PARIGI MOUTONG Marwan, Marwan; Yusran, Yusran; Umar, Husain
Jurnal Warta Rimba Vol 3, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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Soil physical properties strongly interrelate with the soils capability. Strength and carrying capacity of soils, ability fasten water absorb, drainage, penetration of root plant, aeration, and nutrient capture are mainly influenced by physical properties of the soils. Ebony species is classified into family of Ebenaceae that can have 40 m of height with 100 cm of breast height diameter and 4 m of buttress root. The objective of the research is to know the physical properties of the soils in the dale, inclined part, and top of the hill covered by ebony stand at West Kasimbar Village, Kasimbar sub district, Parigi Mautong district trough the period of April to June 2014. The methods of the research are filed orientation, deciding the soils sampling points below the stand and soils analysis in the laboratory. Purposive sampling was used to decide the locations of soil samples that were in the dale of the hill with 92 m of altitude, inclined part of the hill with 122m of altitude, and top of the hill with 130 m of altitude. Research location was in S: 00o07’24.4’’ and E: 199o56’52.5”. The results of the research are the soils textur of the soil samples of the three parts of the hill are similar that is clay. The soils of the dale has 1,39 cm/hour of permeability, the inclined part: 6,08 cm/hour, and the top: 2,36 cm/hour. Soil porosity in the dale is 46,75%, 45,77% in inclined part, and 44,75% in the top. Bulk density of the soils in the dale is 1,41 gr/cm3, 1,44 gr/cm3 in the inclined part, and 1,46 gr/cm3 in the top. Organic matter of the soils is 3,08% in the dale, 2,45% in the inclined part, and 2,76% in the top. Keywords: soil physical properties, stand, ebony.