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Epidemiologi Hawar Daun Bibit Pinus Merkusii yang Disebabkan oleh Pestalotia theae (Epidemiology of Needle Blight on Pinus Merkusii Seedlings Incited by Pestalotia theae) Sutarman .; Soetrisno Hadi; Asep Saefuddin; Achmad .; Ani Suryani
Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika Vol. 10 No. 1 (2004)
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB University)

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Abstract

The objectives of the study are as follows: to know the interrelationships between the weather components as well as Pestalotia theae's aerial conidiospore population and the development of needle blight on Pinus merkusii seedlings, and to determine the effect of nursery site on the early development of the disease. Two week's average without interval model is the most reliable model to be used for determining the interrelationship between the development of the disease severity and the weather components. Light duration, rain fall, relative humidity and temperature are the weather components significantly affect the increase of the disease severity. The nursery in Pongpoklandak, Cianjur (26,5 - 30,5 oC; RH: 92-98 %), West Java, is the most optimal location for the development of the disease. To maintain the Disease Index at the most about 25 on seedlings over 6 months old, is the key factor for the successful management of needle blight on P. merkusii seedlings in the nursery.Keyword: Pinus merkusii, Pestalotia theae, epidemi, Indeks Penyakit
Peran PEG 400 dalam pembuatan lembaran bioplastik polohidroksialkanoat yang dihasilkan oleh Ralstonia eutropha dari Substrat Hidrolisat Pati Sagu Khaswar Syamsu; Liesbetini Hartoto; Anas Miftah Fauzi; Ani Suryani; Dede Rais
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Abstract

The purpose of the research was to investigate the effects of PEG 400 addition on the characteristics of bioplastic polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). PHA was obtained by cultivating Ralstonia eutropha on hydrolysed sago starch substrate using fed batch method for approximately 96 hours. The biomass concentration obtained was 4 g/L with PHA yield 20-30% of dry cell weight. The bioplastic was formed with solution casting method in which chloroform was used as solvent and PEG 400 was used as plasticizer. The concentrations of PEG 400added were 10, 20, and 30% (w/w), respectively. Bioplastic properties which were tested were tensile strength, elongation to break, density, thermal properties, cristalinity, and functional group. The addition of plastisizer tend to increase tensile strength and elongation to break, but decrease density, cristalinity and melting point. Bioplastic with 30% PEG 400 addition gave the best results. Bioplastic with 30% PEG 400 gave a value of tensile strength of 0.083 MPa; elongation to break of 0.881%; density of 0.7881 g/cm3;  melting point of 158.95 ac; and cristalinity of 44.58%. With these properties, the resulted bioi plastic may be used for surgical strings. Keywords: Bioplastic, Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Ralstonia eutropha, hidrolysed sago starch, PEG 400
Penentuan Lama Sulfonasi pada Proses Produksi Surfaktan Mes untuk Aplikasi EOR Mira Rival; Tun Tedja Irawadi; Ani Suryani; Dwi Setyaningsih; Erliza Hambali
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Abstract

For producing oil remains that remained at old oil wells (mature field), a method of advanced oil acquirement improvement known as an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) should be applied. Surfactant plays an important role in EOR process by reducing interfacial tension (1FT), altering wettability, reducing oil viscosity, and stabilizing dispersion to facilitate the process of oil jetting from reservoir to production well. To optimally cleanse oil that still remained a surfactant compatible with formation water and reservoir is needed. This study was conducted to get the best time of sulfonation process for producing MES surfactant with lower interfacialtension for EOR application. Results showed that the best times of sulfonation process with lower interfacial tension value were 3 and 4 hours.
The Influence Of Reactant Ratio (Eupcalyptus Lignin – Sodium Bisulfite) And Initial Ph Towards Characteristcs Of Sodium Lignosulfonate Gustini Syahbirin; ABDUL Aziz Darwis; Ani Suryani; Wasrin Syafii
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 19 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Eucalyptus lignin was isolated from kraft black liquor through by acidification using H2SO4. Sulfonation of eucalyptus lignin produced sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) which can be used as dispersants, and emulsifier. In this research, sulfonation was carried out towards lignin with mass ratio of eucalyptus lignin-NaHSO3 (b/b) of 1:0.4, 1:0.5, and 1:0.6, and initial pH of 5, 6, 7, 8. Studies on the effect of various ratio of eucalyptus lignin versus NaHSO3 (1 based on w/w) and initial pH of 5,6,and 7 for the sulfonation reaction showed an  increasing yield and improved purity of SLS obtained.  However, no significant result was observed on the application of initial pH  7 and 8 toward increasing of SLS yield and purity.  The highest SLS  yield of 83.8% with  purity of 82.9% was obtained under condition of initial pH at 7 and the mass ratio of eupcayptus lignin over NaHSO3 was 1:0.5.  The resulted SLS was light brown, water soluble, with  pH level between 6.3 and 7.24, and released sulfur-like odor.Key words: lignin, kraft black liquor,  sodium lignosulfonate.
Production Of Sodium Lignosulphonate From Isolated Lignin Of Empty Fruit Bunch : Indentification And Performance Test As A Dispersant Agent . Ismiyati; Ani Suryani; Djumali Mangunwidjaya; . Machfud; Erliza Hambali
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 19 No. 1 (2009): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Sodium lignosulphonate is a product of isolated lignin sulphonation process using NaHSO3 as sulphonation agent. This research was proposed to produce sodium lignosulphonate , to identify and to charactirize the product as dispersant agent. The lignin sulphonation process was conducted by ratio of reactant variable (NaHSO3 and lignin) 60.32%, pH 6.03 and temperature at 90.28 OC on batch reactor. The identification was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (LCMS). Identification using FTIR and LCMS spectrophotometer indicated that SLS produced from this study has similar characteristic with SLS standard from Aldrich (SLS-Aldrich). Performance test of SLS as dispersant materials for gypsum paste pointed out that this SLS has lower performance than SLS-Aldrich. This was caused by the purity of SLS standard, 96%. Nevertheless SLS still fulfilled the characteristic as dispersant materials for gypsum paste because it has purity of more than 80%. Keywords: lignin, sulphonation, sodium lignosulphonate, dispersant
Keberlanjutan Penerapan Teknologi Pengelolaan Pekarangan oleh Wanita Tani di Kabupaten Kuningan Ani Suryani; Anna Fatchiya; Djoko Susanto
Jurnal Penyuluhan Vol. 13 No. 1 (2017): Jurnal Penyuluhan
Publisher : Department of Communication and Community Development Sciences and PAPPI (Perhimpunan Ahli Penyuluh Pertanian Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (371.405 KB) | DOI: 10.25015/penyuluhan.v13i1.14641

Abstract

Keberlanjutan penerapan teknologi pengelolaan pekarangan oleh wanita tani pada dasarnya ditujukan guna menghadapi isu ketahanan pangan nasional, perbandingan ketersediaan pangan vs pertambahan jumlah penduduk, isu alih fungsi lahan dan kesadaran tentang pentingnya upaya diversifikasi pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menganalisis karakteristik individu, karakteristik inovasi, kinerja fasilitator, dukungan eksternal dan keberlanjutan penerapan teknologi pengelolaan pekarangan; (2) mengkaji pengaruh karakteristik individu, karakteristik inovasi, kinerja fasilitator, dan dukungan eksternal terhadap keberlanjutan penerapan teknologi pengelolaan pekarangan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Sindangagung dan Kecamatan Jalaksana, Kabupaten Kuningan Provinsi Jawa Barat. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 76 orang wanita tani. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda Uji F (simultan), semua peubah bebas karakteristik individu, karakteristik inovasi, kinerja penyuluh/fasilitator dan dukungan lingkungan eksternal memiliki pengaruh nyata terhadap keberlanjutan adopsi. Nilai pengaruh sebesar 72,4% sedangkan sisanya 27,6% dipengaruhi oleh peubah lain yang tidak ada di dalam model regresi. Secara berurutan indikator peubah karakteristik individu yang berpengaruh nyata adalah umur, motivasi, jumlah anggota keluarga, tingkat pendidikan, curahan waktu wanita tani dan pendapatan keluarga. Indikator karakteristik inovasi adalah keuntungan relatif dan tingkat kesesuaian inovasi. Indikator kinerja fasilitator adalah tingkat kunjungan dan tingkat pengetahuan. Semua indikator dukungan eksternal pemasaran, dukungan keluarga, dukungan kelompok dan sarana prasarana berpengaruh nyata terhadap keberlanjutan pengelolaan lahan pekarangan.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Penambahan Pektinase dan Kondisi Inkubasi Terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Jus Mangga Kuini (Mangifera odorata Griff) Evi Savitri Iriani; E. Gumbira Said; Ani Suryani; nFN Setyadjit
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 2, No 1 (2005): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v2n1.2005.11-17

Abstract

Kuini merupakan salah satu jenis buah-buahan yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia, yang memiliki aroma khas, penampilan warna yang menarik serta kandungan vitamin A, C dan serat yang tinggi. Untuk mengurangi serat tersebut biasanya ditambahkan pektinase dalam proses pembuatan jus kuini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi, waktu dan suhu inkubasi terhadap perubahan rendemen dan karakteristik mutu jus kuini. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian pada bulan Juli 2003-Juni 2004. Kuini dari Bogor dan sekitarnya dihancurkan kemudian ditambahkan pektinase. Waktu inkubasi pada penelitian pendahuluan berkisar 0-180 menit. Pada penelitian utama digunakan rancangan percobaan rancangan acak faktorial dengan faktor (I) konsentrasi :0, 500,750 dan 1000 ppm, faktor (2) suhu inkubasi : 45° C dan 55° C dengan tiga kali ulangan. Waktu inkubasi yang digunakan adalah 60 menit karena berdasarkan penelitian pendahuluan dapat memberikan rendemen tertinggi. Parameter yang diamati meliputi peru bah an rendemen, pH, total padatan terlarut, kekentalan, kadar gula pereduksi, total asam dan vitamin C serta komponen volatil penyusun flavor kuini. Hasil penelitian utama menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi pektinase dan suhu inkubasi maka rendemen juga semakin bertambah. Interaksi konsentrasi pektinase 1000 ppm pad a suhu inkubasi 55° C memberikan rendemen tertinggi sebesar 94%. Hasil anal isis menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pektinase berpengaruh nyata terhadap perubahan pH, total padatan terlarut dan kekentalan, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap perubahan gula pereduksi, total asam tertitrasi dan kadar vitamin C. Pektinase juga berpengaruh terhadap perubahan profil kromatogram dari flavor jus kuini, makin tinggi konsentrasi pektinase yang ditambahkan, maka komponen monoterpen seperti a-pinene dan myrcene akan berkurang. Effects of pectinase concentration and incubation condition on yields and quality of kuini mango juice (Mangifera odorata Griff)Kuini is kind of fruit found abundant in Indonesia that have exotic flavor and attractive color. Kuini also have high vitamin A and C as well as fibre. To reduce the fibre, pectinase was added to produce kuini mango juice. The study was conducted to discover how concentration, time and temperature of pectinase affected yields and quality changes of mango juices. The research was carried out at Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development (ICAPRD) from July 2003 to June 2004. Mangoes from Bogor, West Java were mashed and the pulp was reacted with pectinase. The incubation times applied were 0 to 180 minutes at preliminary research. One hour incubation time was able to give the best result in juice yields, therefore 60 minute was used at the main research. Design experiment used at the main research was randomized factorial design with factor (1) pectinase concentration: 0, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm and factor (2) temperature: 45° and 55° C with three replications. Parameter analyzed were yields, pH, total soluble solid (TSS), viscosity, reduction sugar, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and volatile component of kuini. Pectinase of 1000 ppm at Sso C gave the highest juice yields of 94 percent compared to 83 percent at 0 ppm. There were significant changes in pH, TSS and viscosity of kuini juice, but not in the reducing sugar, total titratable acidity and vitamin C. Pectinase changed the flavor profile of kuini juice. The higher pectinase added could reduce monoterpene components such as a-pinene and myrcene.
Optimasi Kondisi Isomerisasi Eugenol Dari Minyak Daun Cengkeh Menggunakan Metode Permukaan Respon Edy Mulyono; Ani Suryani; Djumali Mangunwidjaja; Dwi Setyaningsih
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 7, No 2 (2010): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v7n2.2010.86-93

Abstract

Eugenol merupakan komponen utama minyak cengkeh yang kandungannya dapat mencapai 70-95 % tergantung dari bahan baku yang digunakan (bunga, tangkai, dan daun), Dengan kandungan eugenol yang tinggi, minyak cengkeh merupakan sumber bahan baku isoeugenol yang potensial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi proses optimum proses isomerisasi eugenol dari minyak daun cengkeh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan percobaan dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis ragam pada tahap isomerisasi isoeugenol rnenunjukkan konsentrasi katalis rhodium trichloride trihydrate dengan waktu pemanasan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar produk (isoeugenol, cis-isoeugenol dan trans-isoeugenol) dan jumlah bahan yang menguap, Hasil optimasi dengan menggunakan response surface method menunjukkan taraf faktor perlakuan berupa 1.) konsentrasi katalis 0,16% dan 2,) waktu pemanasan selama 10 menit merupakan perlakuan yang memberikan respon yang optimal dengan nilai desirability (D) 0,691, Kombinasi perlakuan ini memberikan nilai respon pada kadar isoeugenol 86,25%, kadar cis-isoeugenol 18,73%, kadar trans-isoeugenol 67,54% dan jumlah bahan menguap 12,28%, Hasil analisis spektroskopi FTIR dan HNMR menunjukkan pita serapan adalah identik antara isoeugenol hasil isomerisasi dengan standar. Hasil analisis FTIR dari sampel isoeugenol menunjukkan pita serapan gugus OH pada angka gelombang 3498,87 cm-1 std. 3496,94 cm-1), pita serapan di angka gelombang 2846,93 cm-1 (std. 2846,93 cm-1) menunjukkan adanya gugus OCH3 gugus C-C aril (cincin aromatis) pada angka gelombang 1598,99 cm-1 (std. 1598,99 cm-1) dan gugus CH, pada angka gelombang 2935,66 cm-1 (std, 2935,66 cm-1). Sedangkan hasil analisis dengan HNMR menunjukkan posisi pergeseran kimia (a) gugus metil (-CH3) sebagai identitas senyawa isoeugenol, yaitu sebesar 1,812 ppm (std. 1,814 ppm) berbentuk doublet untuk 3H dari -CH3. Hasil identifikasi juga menunjukkan bahwa senyawa isoeugenol yang diperoleh lebih dorninan dalam bentuk trans isoeugenol. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan bahwa pita serapan trans-isoeugenol (= CH) yang berlokasi di angka gelombang 962,4 cm-1 sedangkan cis-isoeugenol terletak di angka gelombang 792,7 cm-1. Sedangkan hasil spektrum HNMR untuk puncak H pada pergeseran kimia a=6,1 dan 3=5,95 ppm, Optimization of Eugenol Extraction from Clove Leaf Using Response Surface MethodologyEugenol is the main component of clove oil. Its content can reach 70-95% depending on the raw materials (flower, stem, and leaves) used for distillation, With a such high content of eugenol, clove oil is a potential source for synthesis of isoeugenol through isomerization process" The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum process condition of eugenol isomerization process, The method used in this research is the experimental design and descriptive analysis, Results of analysis of variance showed that the concentration of catalyst rhodium trichloride trihydrate and beating time significantly affected the content of product (isoeugenol, cis-isoeugenol, trans-isoeugenol) and the amount of material evaporated, The result of optimization by using response surface method showed that level of treatment factors i.e. I) Catalyst concentration of 0,16%, and 2) Heating time for [0 minutes, were treatments that provides the most optimal response to the desirability value (D) 0,691. These level of treatment factors gave the response value at isoeugenol content of 86.25%, cis-isoeugenol content of 18.73%, trans-isoeugenol content of 67,54%, and the amount of evaporated material 12,28%, The FTIR spectroscopic and HNMR, analysis showed characteristic absorption bands are identical between the isomerization and isoeugenol standards, The result of FTIR analysis of isoeugenol samples showed absorption band of OH group at 3498,87 cm-1 (std. 3496,94 cm-1), absorption band at 2846,93 cm-1 (std. 2846.93 cm-1) which indicates the group OCH 3 C-C aryl group (aromatic ring) at 1598,99 cm-1 (std. 1598,99 cm-1) and CH3 group at 2935,66 cm-1 (std. 2935,66 cm-1) 'While the results of the analysis with HNMR indicate the position of chemical shift (3) of methyl group (-CH 3) as the identity of isoeugenol compound which is 1,812 ppm (std. 1,814 ppm) in the form of doublets for the 3H from -CH 3, The identification results also showed that the isoeugenol obtained was more dominant in the form of trans isoeugenol. FTIR spectra showed that the absorption band of trans-isoeugenol (=CH) was located at 962.4 cm-1 where as the cis-isoeugenol was located at 792,7 cm-1, While the results of HNMR spectrum for peak of H was located at ppm 3=6.1. and a=5,95,
Sintesis Alkil Poliglikosida (APG) Berbasis Alkohol Lemak Dan Pati Sagu Untuk Formulasi Herbisida Ani Suryani; nFN Dadang; nFN Setyadjit; Agus Sudiman Tjokrowardojo; Mochamad Noerdin N.Kurniadji
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2008): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v5n1.2008.10-20

Abstract

Alkil poliglikosida (APG) merupakan surfaktan nonionik yang biasa digunakan pada formulasi beberapa produk seperti formulasi herbisida, produk-produk perawatan badan, produk kosmetik maupun untuk pemucatan kain tekstil. APG merupakan surfaktan generasi baru yang ramah lingkungan karena bersifat mudah terurai. Bahan baku APG adalah alkohol lemak dari oleokimia minyak kelapa atau minyak inti sawit dan karbohidrat seperti pati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh surfaktan non ionik APG yang berbasis pati sagu dan alkohol lemak C12 (dodekanol). Penelitian ini memodifikasi proses produksi APG metode dua tahap dengan mencari kondisi optimum suhu proses butanolisis dan rasio mol pati sagu-dodekanol dan mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap nilai kestabilan emulsi air:xilena, karakterisasi APG dan hasil formulasi herbisidanya serta uji efektivitasnya. Hasil analisis permukaan respon, menunjukkan nilai kestabilan emulsi air:xilena dengan penambahan APG (%) yaitu 72,58% pada suhu proses butanolisis 147,8oC dan pada rasio mol tepung sagu-dodekanol 1:3,27 (b/b). Validasi optimasi menunjukkan nilai kestabilan emulsi air:xilena dengan penambahan APG yaitu 72,3%. Model persamaan optimum Y= 64,29 + 35,53X1 – 29,82X12 - 9,63X2 – 23,09X22 -20,56X1X2 adalah valid sesuai hasil pengujian. APG pada konsentrasi 1% (b/v) dapat menurunkan tegangan permukaan 23,375 dyne/cm dan nilai tegangan antarmuka antara air dan xilene pada konsentrasi 0,4% (b/v) APG adalah 8,17 dyne/cm. Nilai HLB 8,8 sehingga APG yang dihasilkan termasuk surfaktan yang sesuai untuk jenis emulsi minyak dalam air (O/W) dan sebagai bahan pembasah. Sedangkan pH APG kondisi proses optimum sebesar 7,15. Pengamatan aplikasi formulasi herbisida (glifosat dan surfaktan APG) hasil penyimpanan 5 minggu dengan suhu 15oC, suhu ruang (26-29oC) dan 40oC menunjukkan efektivitas yang tinggi. Suhu penyimpanan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap efektivitas herbisida.Synthesis of Alkil Polyglycoside From Fatty Alcohol and Sago Starch for Herbicide FormulationAlkyl poliglycosides (APG) is non ionic surfactant which is commonly used in some products like herbicides, personal care products, cosmetics and textile bleachings. APG is new generation of surfactant that is environmental friendly. Raw materials of APG are fatty alcohol from palm oil or palm kernel oil and carbohydrates like starch, that make APG a biodegradable surfactant. The aim of research was to obtain non ionic surfactant alkyl polyglycosides (APG) based on sago starch and fatty alcohol CI2 (dodecanol). This research is a modification of production process of APG two steps method, by optimizing temperatures for butanolysis and mol ratio of sago starch-dodecanol to emulsion stability (water: xylene), characterisisation of APG formulated, herbicide formulation and its hebicide formulation effectiveness. Result of response surface, showed that emulsion stability (water:xylene) added APG (%) was 72.58% at temperature of butanolysis 147.8°C and at ratio of sago starch-dodekanol 1:3.27 (w/w). Validation showed that emulsion stability (water: xylene) with addtion of APG was 72.3%. Equation model of optimum condition was Y= 64.29 + 35.53X, _ 29.82X,' _ 9.63X2 _ 23.09X,'-20.S6X,X2 which similar to experimental data. APG at I % (w/v) was able to decrease surface tension 23.375 dyne/ern and interfacial tension between water: xylene at APG concentration of 0.4% (w/v) was 8.17 dyne/ern. Value of HLB was 8.8 so that this surfactant is classified into emulsion of oil in water (O/W) and wetting agent. APG pH for optimum process was 7.15. Application of herbicide formulate (glyphosate and APG surfactant) that was stored for 5 weeks at temperature of lye, room temperature (26-29°C) and 40°C still showed a high effectiveness. The storage temperature did not effect significantly on herbicide efectiveness.
Pembuatan Resin Fenolik Dari Destilat Cairan Kulit Biji Mete Sebagai Bahan Baku Vernis Tatang Hidayat; Illah Sailah; Ani Suryani; Titi C. Sunarti; nFN Risfaheri
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2008): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v5n1.2008.21-31

Abstract

Destilat cairan kulit biji mete (CNSL) merupakan cairan yang diperoleh dari hasil destilasi CNSL dengan komponen utamanya kardanol. Salah satu pemanfaatan destilat CNSL yang prospektif yaitu sebagai sumber fenol dalam pembuatan resin fenolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi proses pembuatan resin fenolik dari destilat CNSL yang sesuai sebagai bahan baku vernis, baik untuk pemakaian di dalam (interior) maupun di luar (eksterior). Tahapan penelitian, yaitu 1) karakterisasi destilat CNSL dan 2) pembuatan resin fenolik dari destilat CNSL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terbaik pembuatan resin fenolik dari destilat CNSL dicapai pada nisbah mol formaldehida terhadap destilat CNSL 0,9:1 dengan pH 3. Reaksi metilolasi pada suhu 100oC memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama, yaitu 9,0 jam. Meningkatnya suhu reaksi dari 100 menjadi 120oC mempercepat waktu reaksi metilolasi dari 9,0 jam menjadi 4,0 jam. Reaksi metilolasi destilat CNSL (kardanol kasar) dengan formaldehida memenuhi pola reaksi ordo kedua. Konstanta laju reaksi metilolasi (k) meningkat secara eksponensial dengan semakin tingginya suhu reaksi sesuai dengan persamaan k=116.104.360,02 e–7.230,7 (1/T). Suhu reaksi metilolasi tidak berpengaruh nyata pada karakteristik dan sifat film resin yang dihasilkan. Lapisan film resin memiliki waktu kering yang cukup singkat, yaitu waktu kering sentuh 3,0 jam dan kering keras 6,0 jam. Secara umum, karakteristik dan sifat lapisan film resin yang dihasilkan cukup baik kecuali daya lekat dalam media besi dan daya lenturnya. Resin yang dihasilkan sudah memadai untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku vernis kayu untuk pemakaian di dalam (interior) karena kekerasan lapisan film yang tinggi. Sebagai bahan baku vernis kayu untuk pemakaian di luar (eksterior) masih perlu perbaikan dalam sifat daya lenturnya.Production of Phenolic Resin From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Distillate as Raw Material for VarnishCNSL distillate is a liquid which is obtained from CNSL distillation with cardanol as the main component. One of prospective utilization of CNSL distillate that is as a source of phenol in phenolic resin production. The objective of this research was to get the best process condition of phenolic resin production from CNSL distillate as raw material for interior and exterior varnish. The stages of experiment, were: 1) characterization of CNSL distillate and 2) phenolic resin production from CNSL distillate. The optimal condition in phenolic resin production was achieved at mole ratio of formaldehyde to CNSL distillate 0,9: I and pH 3. Methylolation reaction at 100°C needed 9.0 hours to be completed. The increasing of methylolation reaction temperature from 100 to ] 20°C was able to reduce reaction lime from 9.0 hours to 4.0 hours. Methylolation reaction formaldehyde with CNSL distillate (crude cardanal) fulfilled second order reaction pattern. Constant of reaction rate (k) increased exponentially with increasing the temperature according to equation ke I 16.104.360,02e-7230.7(IIT). Temperature of methylolation reaction did not effect to the characteristic and properties of resin film. Resin film has short dry time i.e. touch-dry 3.0 hours and hard-dry 6.0 hours. Generally, characteristic and resin film properties show very good result except the adhesion on steel and its flexibility. Based on the properties of its film, phenolic resin produced has been fulfilled for using as raw material in interior wood varnish because of good hardness properties. While for exterior wood varnish, the improvement on its flexibility properties is still needed.