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All Journal Medical Journal of Indonesia The Indonesian Biomedical Journal The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Majalah Patologi Indonesia Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia
Kusmardi Kusmardi
Departemen Patologi Anatomik, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Serum cell-free DNA concentration in BALB/c mice with azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal cancer Novianry, Virhan; Yulhasri, Yulhasri; Kusmardi, Kusmardi
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 24, No 1 (2015): March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (475.073 KB) | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v24i1.730

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Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States with a mortality rate ranked second in 2012. Early diagnosis such as detection of DNA in serum or faeces at the polyp stage, will reduce colorectal cancer mortality. This study was conducted to analyze the concentration of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a tumor marker in colorectal carcinogenesis by using blood serum samples from BALB/c mice previously induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and promoted by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).Methods: This experimental animal study used 6 BALB/c mice which had serial intervention in a certain time frame. The first serum samples were taken before induction of carcinogenesis (week-0); then AOM induction of carcinogenesis followed and the second sampling one week after AOM intervention (week-1). Subsequently, promotion of carcinogenesis followed with DSS and the third sampling one week after this intervention (week-2). The fourth sampling was 5 weeks after AOM-DSS intervention (week-6). Quantification of the serum cfDNA was performed with SYBR-Green II fluorescence using Rotor Gene 6000 as a reference. Histopathological examination verified induction of carcinogenesis. For statistical analysis paired T-test was used.Results: Concentration of serum cfDNA showed significant difference between sampling group at week-0 (1238.49 ± 674.84 pg/µL) and sampling group at week-6 (2244.04 ± 726.57 pg/µL) the latter group showing pre-cancerous histopathology. Slightly increased cfDNA at week-1 with AOM induction (1358.57 ± 803.81 pg/µL) and week-2 after DSS promotion (1317.23 ± 735.92 pg/µL) were not significantly different from week-0 samples.Conclusion: The concentration of cfDNA in the serum of BALB/c mice 5 weeks after AOM induction of carcinogenesis and DSS promotion is significantly higher than before induction.
Comparison of Helicobacter pylori Detection Using Immunohistochemistry and Giemsa and Its Association with Morphological Changes in Active Chronic Gastritis Nurdin, Wildawati; Krisnuhoni, Ening; Kusmardi, Kusmardi
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 17, No 1 (2016): VOLUME 17, NUMBER 1, April 2016
Publisher : The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (217.502 KB) | DOI: 10.24871/171201621-27

Abstract

Background: Gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa as a response to infection or irritation of the gaster. The most common aetiology of chronic gastritis is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Presence of H. pylori is associated with the occurrence of inflammation, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia. In terms of morphology, H. pylori is known in 2 forms, which are rod-shaped and coccoid-shaped. Coccoid-shaped bacteria are difficult to detect using Giemsa staining. Therefore, immunohistochemistry staining of H. pylori and evaluation of the sensitivity of coccoid-shaped of H. pylori are needed.Method: Cross-sectional study on 90 biopsy tissues of chronic gastritis patients in year 2015 and 2014, which included 30 Giemsa cases with positive H. pylori, 30 cases of active chronic gastritis with negative H. pylori but coccoid-shaped was found, and 30 non-active chronic gastritis, were subsequently stained with immunohistochemistry staining of H. pylori.Results: Expression of coccoid-shaped H. pylori in active chronic gastritis was significantly different (p < 0.05) in immunohistochemistry staining. There was a significant difference between active chronic gastritis with positive H. pylori and negative H. pylori in immunohistochemistry staining with degree of inflammation. Sensitivity and specificity test between Giemsa and immunohistochemistry staining showed sensitivity of 65% and specificity of 100%.Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry staining in active chronic gastritis was more sensitive compared to Giemsa staining in detecting H. pylori, particularly the coccoid-shaped bacteria.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes dan Peranannya pada Karsinoma Payudara Ditha Diana; Kusmardi
Majalah Patologi Indonesia Vol 29 No 1 (2020): MPI
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Patologi Indonesia (IAPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1159.889 KB) | DOI: 10.55816/mpi.v29i1.405

Abstract

Infiltration of T lymphocyte cells in tumor tissue is a good prognosis in cancer patients. The infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL) tumor is the phenotype of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes that infiltrate tumors. TIL can have abeneficial effect as well as a detrimental effect on breast carcinoma. There are three subtypes of T lymphocytes thatinfiltrate tumors which are T-helper (Th), T-citotoxic (Tc) and T-regulators (Treg). The role of Th lymphocytes in tumorimmunity can be divided into three phases, that are the initial induction phase, the phase maintaining the Tc responseas an effector and the memory formation phase. Th lymphocytes will secrete cytokines that can stimulate tumor cellsto increase the expression of MHC class I molecules, so that it will further optimize the function of Tc lymphocyticcytotoxicity which has the most dominant role in cytolytic tumor cells. Treg lymphocytes effectively suppressantitumor responses from Tc lymphocytes and other immune cells so that they can facilitate tumor development. Inbreast carcinoma, Treg lymphocytes have a different influence on each of the cancer subtypes.
Analisis Ekspresi P53 pada Karsinoma Urotelial Kandung Kemih Derajat Rendah dan Derajat Tinggi serta Hubungannya dengan Stadium Tumor Imelda Setiana Silitonga; Budiana Tanurahardja; Kusmardi
Majalah Patologi Indonesia Vol 30 No 2 (2021): MPI
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Patologi Indonesia (IAPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (590.219 KB) | DOI: 10.55816/mpi.v30i2.467

Abstract

BackgroundUrothelial carcinoma is the most common bladder malignancy in men. Risk factors include smoking, chemicals exposure, radiation,schistosoma hematobium infection. P53 mutation is the most common mutation in urothelial bladder carcinoma that cause p53 proteinaccumulation which are detected through immunohistochemical examination. The aim of this study is to analyze the differencesbetween p53 expression in low and high grade urothelial and the carcinomas association of p53 expression with tumor stage.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study with 47 cases (22 cases of low grade and 25 cases of high grade) urothelial carcinoma in AnatomicalPathology Department Faculty Medicine of Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (FKUI/RSCM) in 2009-2017. Allcases stained with p53 antibody with immunohistochemical methods with positive cut off ≥20%.ResultsP53 positive expression are found in 33 samples, 20 cases of high grade and 13 cases in low grade; 22 cases of Nonmuscle invasivebladder cancer and 11 cases of Muscle invasive bladder cancer.ConclusionThe expression of p53 in low grade and high grade urotelial carcinoma of the bladder and its association with tumor stage showed nosignificant difference.
Peran Sel T Memori dalam Pengendalian Pandemi Covid-19 Kusmardi; Dimas Ramadhian N; Irandi P Pratomo; Aryo Tedjo
Majalah Patologi Indonesia Vol 30 No 2 (2021): MPI
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Patologi Indonesia (IAPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (250.48 KB) | DOI: 10.55816/mpi.v30i2.476

Abstract

ABSTRACTEvaluation of changes in antibody orders is a common exclusion in vaccination strategies because of the method ofanalysis. The fact that protection by antibodies produced by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2(Sars-Cov-2) infection both naturally and through vaccines will decrease in less than one year, is a challenge for acountry with a large population like Indonesia to run its vaccination program. The main challenge is whether thevaccination strategy adopted will overcome the vaccine barrier and the race between the rate of vaccination and therate of viral mutation and antibody reduction. In addition to antibodies, the adaptive immune system is also run by Tcells that are included in the cell-mediated immune system (CMI) group. In patients with asymptomatic or mildsymptoms of Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19), T and CMI responses are known to appear in some patients who are notknown to have been exposed to Sars-Cov-2 before. This evidence suggests that the adaptive catastrophe for SarsCov-2 has been acquired by ordering memory T cells and may last longer than previously thought. For countries withlarge populations, this will certainly help overcome the limitations of vaccines and the time needed to implement theirvaccination strategies.
Penilaian Indeks Apoptosis Karsinoma Medular Payudara pada Sediaan Eksisi/Mastektomi dan Simulasi Core Biopsy Erwina Muhadi; Endang SR. Hardjolukito; Kusmardi Kusmardi
Majalah Patologi Indonesia Vol 24 No 2 (2015): MPI
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Patologi Indonesia (IAPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (294.711 KB)

Abstract

Latar belakang Akibat gambaran morfologik dan imunohistokimia yang tumpang tindih, sulit dibedakan antara karsinoma medular dan karsinoma invasif no special type (NST) dengan gambaran medular derajat 3. Padahal kedua entitas tersebut memiliki perbedaan tata laksana dan prognosis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis penggunaan indeks apoptosis (IA) untuk mempertajam diagnosis karsinoma payudara medular secara obyektif. Metode Penelitian retrospektif analitik secara potong lintang telah dilakukan terhadap 20 kasus karsinoma medular dan 20 kasus karsinoma invasif NST derajat 3. Penilaian indeks apoptosis dilakukan dengan metode terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate in situ nick endlabeling (TUNEL). Kedua kasus dilakukan simulasi core biopsy. Indeks apoptosis antara kedua kasus dibandingkan dan dihitung titik potongnya. Hasil Indeks apoptosis pada karsinoma medular lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan karsinoma invasif NST derajat 3 (p=0,001). Berdasarkan kurva ROC, didapatkan titik potong yang optimal pada IA 1,25. Uji kappa terhadap keselarasan sediaan simulasi core biopsy dan eksisi/mastektomi mendapatkan hasil 0,3. Kesimpulan Indeks apoptosis digunakan untuk mempertajam diagnosis karsinoma medular payudara pada sediaan eksisi/mastektomi. Indeks Apoptosis sediaan simulasi core biopsy tidak selaras dengan eksisi/mastektominya sehingga penggunaannya pada core biopsy dapat membantu jika IA>1,25 dengan morfologi mencurigakan karsinoma medular. Kata kunci : core biopsy, indeks apoptosis, karsinoma invasif NST, TUNEL.
Deteksi High Risk Human Papilloma Virus pada Jaringan Adenoma dan Adenokarsinoma Kolorektal di FKUI/RSCM Wiwiek Ernajanti; Diah Rini Handjari; Kusmardi Kusmardi; Yusra Yusra
Majalah Patologi Indonesia Vol 26 No 2 (2017): MPI
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Patologi Indonesia (IAPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (296.27 KB)

Abstract

Latar belakangKarsinoma kolorektal merupakan tumor ganas ketiga di dunia. Sembilan puluh lima persen karsinoma kolorektal merupakan adenokarsinoma yang berasal dari lesi prekursor adenoma. Dilaporkan 15%-20% karsinoma terkait dengan infeksi virus. Virus yang diduga berhubungan dengan karsinoma kolorektal adalah human papilloma virus (HPV) dan tipe tersering adalah 16 dan 18. Hubungan antara HPV dan karsinoma kolorektal masih menjadi perdebatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan prevalensi infeksi HPV pada adenoma dan adenokarsinoma kolorektal di Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM Jakarta dengan menggunakan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR).MetodePemeriksaaan DNA HPV pada 33 kasus adenoma dan 33 kasus adenokarsinoma kolorektal dengan teknik nested PCR MY/GP dan elektroforesis. Pada kasus dengan hasil HPV positif, dilanjutkan PCR menggunakan primer spesifik HPV 16 dan HPV 18. Subjek penelitian berasal dari Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM.HasilSatu dari 33 kasus (3,0%) adenoma dan 3 dari 33 kasus (9,1%) adenokarsinoma positif infeksi HPV. Satu kasus adenoma positif HPV bukan merupakan tipe 16 dan 18. Satu kasus adenokarsinoma dengan positif HPV merupakan tipe 16, 2 kasus merupakan gabungan tipe 16 dan 18.KesimpulanPrevalensi infeksi HPV pada adenokarsinoma lebih tinggi dibandingkan adenoma kolorektal. Tipe HPV pada kasus adenokarsinoma kolorektal merupakan tipe 16 dan 18.
Effects of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Extract and Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) Administration on Ki-67 Protein Expression in the Colon Epithelial Cells of Plasmodium berghei-infected Mice Kusmardi Kusmardi; Bagas Ariffandi; Nadar Sukri Lubis; Tri Wahyuni Lestari; Putri Reno Intan; Alfred Pakpahan
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 14, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v14i1.1737

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a global health concern and an endemic disease in Indonesia. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) and spirulina (Spirulina platensis) are two potential antimalarial agents which act as antioxidants and antiinflammatories that can suppress morbidities during chronic inflammation in malaria, such as proliferation in the colon. This study aims to investigate the effects of A. paniculata extract and S. platensis administration on Ki-67 expression in medial colon epithelial cells of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice measured by H-score.METHODS: Thirty P. berghei-infected male Swiss-Webster mice were divided into five groups: negative controls (carboxymethyl cellulose/CMC); positive controls (dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine/DHP); A. paniculata extract alone (AP); A. paniculata extract in combination with S. platensis extract (AP+ES); and with S. platensis powder (AP+PS). All mice were infected with P. berghei on day 0. The treatment for each group were given 3 days before infection (D-3) until the day of infection (D0) for 28 days after infection. Colon tissues were processed with immunohistochemistry to detect Ki-67.RESULTS: A difference in Ki-67 expression was observed among the groups (p<0.01). The mean H-score for the CMC control group is 135.503±6.723. The lowest level of Ki-67 expression was observed in the AP+PS group (H-score= 110.941±7.079). AP group did not show a significant difference from the CMC group (p=0.514) and neither did the AP+ES group (p=0.234).CONCLUSION: In conclusion, administration of A. paniculata extract and S. platensis powder lowers Ki-67 expression in medial colon epithelial cells of P. berghei-infected mice.KEYWORDS: malaria, spirulina, Ki-67, Andrographis paniculata, Spirulina platensis
Potensi Ekstrak Etanol 96% Daun Salam (Syzigium polyanthum Wight. (Walp.)) terhadap Ekspresi p53 pada Sel Kanker HeLa Cell Lines Wahyu Hidayati; Landyyun Rahmawan Sjahid; Wahyu Ismalasari; Kusmardi Kusmardi
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 10, NOMOR 2, AGUSTUS 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jki.v10i2.1996

Abstract

Bay leaves (Syzigium polyanthum Wight. (Walp.) have been utilized as one of traditional medicines in Indonesian. However, the potency of the leaves for cancer treatment has not been well-explored. The aim of this study is to determine the expression of p53 tumor suppressor gene after administration of 96% ethanol extract of Bay leaves on HeLa cell lines. This study is begin by making extract using ethanol 96% as a solvent followed by phytochemical screening and extract evaluation of HeLa cells by immunohistochemistry. The observation of p53 protein expression is conducted using the Image J Profiler Plugin software 1.52a version. The H-score data is processed using the One-Way ANNOVA IBM SPSS 20 version program and continued with Post Hoc analysis using the Duncan test. The identification of 96% ethanol extract result showed that bay leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, and steroids. Based on the Post Hoc test results, the administration of 96% ethanol extract bay leaves with three dose variations (156 µg/ml, 234 µg/ml, 312 µg/ml) and negative control had significant differences, while the high dose (312 µg/ml) had not significant differences to positive control. The result showed that 96% ethanol extract of bay leaves by the dose of 312 ug/ml can inhibit the expression of mutant p53 protein in cervical cancer cells HeLa cell lines.
Co-Authors Alfred Pakpahan Anwar S. Ibrahim Anwar S. Ibrahim Aryo Tedjo Aryo Tedjo Aryo Tedjo Aryo Tedjo Bagas Ariffandi Budiana Tanurahardja Diah Rini Handjari Dimas Ramadhian N Ditha Diana Dwitia Wulandari Endang SR. Hardjolukito Enif Esti Triana Ening Krisnuhoni Erwina Muhadi Hamdani Zain Imelda Setiana Silitonga Irandi Putra Pratomo Landyyun Rahmawan Sjahid Nadar Sukri Lubis Nurdin, Wildawati Peni Kistijani Samsuria Putri Reno Intan Rino Patiatta Shirly Kumala Surya Dwira Tri Wahyuni Lestari Virhan Novianry Wahyu Hidayati Wahyu Ismalasari Wiwiek Ernajanti Yulhasri Yulhasri Yusra Yusra