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Penggunaan ekstrak kayu nangka (artocarpus heterophyllus) sebagai bahan pewarna untuk kulit Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Widhiati, Widhiati; Kuwatno, Kuwatno
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 17, No 1-2 (2001): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect Alum content and time of mordanting on the rub fastness. Natural dyes from wood dyes Artocarpus heterophyllus haved an intermediate acid resistance (acetic acid), a good alkali resistance (natrium carbonat0 but they had very low sulphur acid resistance and low formic acid resistence. Natural dyes from wood dyes Artocarpus heterophyllus could be used as colouring matter on goat skin distributed throughout the substance of the fibre goat skin. Their rub fastness was a good (dry and wet). The variation of amounts alum (1%, 2%, 3%) and treatment of mordanting (before and during dyeing) did not influence on rub fastness (dry and wet).Â INTISARIÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan variasi kadaralum dan perlakuan mordanting terhadap ketahanan gosok cat. Zat warna alam dari ekstrak kayu nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) mempunyai ketahanan terhadap asam asetat cukup baik dengan nilaiÂ pada skala grey scale tetapi ketahanan terhadap asam sulfat dan asam formiat kurang baik (nilaiÂ 1 dan nilai 2). Ketahanan terhadap basa (Natrium carbonat) menunjukkan hasil yang baik dengan nilai 4 pada skala grey scale. Zat warna alam tersebut dapat menyerang baik pada jaringan kulit kambing dan menghasilkan warna yang baik terhadap ketahanan gosok cat baik secara kering maupun secara basah. Perlakuan variasi kadar alum (1%, 2%, 3%) dan perlakuan mordanting (sebelum dan selama pewarnaan) tidak mempengaruhi ketahanan warna terhadap gosokan kering dan basah.Â

Penelitian finishing kulit lemas (softy leather) dari kulit kambing untuk tas wanita Widhiati, Widhiati; Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Astuti, Emy Sulistyo; Suharjono, Suharjono; Susilo, Joko; Kuwatno, Kuwatno; Suryadi, Suryadi
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 12, No 24 (1997): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This research is aimed at finding the competition of paint substance which optimal applied for softy sheep leather for ladyâs bags manufacturing. Materials used in this study were 27 pieces of pickled sheep stock and simple factorial 3 x 3 was use for the research plan, the treatment of which is combination binder RU 3989 (150 gram, 200 gram, 250 gram) and pigment (75 gram, 100 gram, 125 gram) for 1,000 gram paint solution. The research result indicates that the proportion of paint substance composition optimal applied to sheep which are tanned to be softly leather for ladyâs bags manufacturing is the combination of 250 gram binder RU 3989 and 75 gram pigment in 1,000 gram paint solution, and the test result fulfil the requirements of sheep garment leather quality.Â Â INTISARIÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perbandingan komposisi bahan bahan untuk cat tutup yang optimal bagi kulit kambing yang disamak menjadi kulit lemas untuk tas wanita. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit kambing awet asam (pikel) sebanyak 27 lembar. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan simple factorial 3 x 3 dengan perlakuan kombinasi perekat (binder) RU 3989 (150 gram, 200 gram, 250 gram) dan zat warna (pigmen) (75 gram, 100 gram, 125 gram) untuk setiap 1.000 gram larutan cat tutup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan komposisi bahan bahan cat tutup yang optimal bagi kulit kambing yang disamak menjadi kulit lemas untuk tas wanita adalah perlakuan kombinasi antara perekat RU 3989 sebanyak 250 gram dan zat warna 75 gram dalam 1.000 gram larutan cat tutup dan hasil uji memenuhi persyaratan mutu kulit jaket dari kulit domba/kambing.

Penelitian jumlah penggunaan bating agent pada penyamakan kulit sarung tangan (fashion glove) dari kulit kelinci Lutfi, Muchtar; Widhiati, Widhiati; Rahayu, Esti; Nainggolan, Kasmin
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 9, No 16 (1994): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of this research is to identify the quatity of bating agent used in tanning rabbit skins to be glove leather, to make use rabbit skins which can not be tanned to fur rabbit skin leather. The materials used in this research were of 40 pieces of lokal salt preservated rabbit skins originated from Yogyakarta having quality III and IV. They were grouped into four and the groups consisted of ten pieces each were tanned to be fashion glove leather using 4% formaline as pretanning agent and followed by chrome tanning agent as the retanning agent. Before carrying out both tanning processes bating was done on them using Pancreol Bate as bating agent. The quantity of bating agent added was varried as 0,65%, 1,2%, 1,8% and 2,4%. The process used was of usually carried - out by IRDLAI. The leather produced were tested on their sotfness, with sheepskin glove leather was used as the measuring- rod; their tensile strength resistance and flexibility with SII. 0061 â 74 (Quality and test method for goatsheep skin glove and garment leather) as the standard of comparison. The test results were statistically evaluated. A conclusion can be down from this research that by using 0,6% Pancreol Bate on bating process, soft glove leathers having good tensile strength and flexibility which fulfill the requirements of SII. 0061 - 74 can be produced.

Kulit ikan balida sebagai industri bahan baku industri barang kulit Lutfie, Muchtar; Rahayu, Esti; Widhiati, Widhiati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 14, No 26 (1999): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This study is aimed at detecring of physical properties (tensile strength and elongation) of balida fosh skin lather (Natopterus chitala sp). Material used in this study is nfive sides from Pontianak (West Kalimantan). They were then tracted with Chromosal B as tanning agent and Irgata I.V as retanning agentÂ to be finitshed leather. On testing the finishedÂ leather it is found that there is not aby significant different betweeb the dry and salted balida fish skin leather on their fisical properties of tensile strength and clongation, the mean of tensile streght of dry preserved balidaÂ skin lather and saliedÂ balida akin leather of which respect tively are 226,82 kg/cm2 and 43,2% respecrively. Viewed from thye test result, it is obviously that balida skin leather to be used material pf leather goods.Â Â INTISARIÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahyu sifat fixis (kekuatan tarik dan kemuluran) kulit jadi kulit ikan balida (Natopterus vhitala sp). Dengan menggunakan 5 lembar kulit ikan balida aweyan kering dan 5 lembar awertan garaman yang berasal dari Pontianak (Kalimantan Barat) disamak hingga kulit jadi dengan menggunkan Choromosal B sebagai bahan penyamak dan Irgatan LV sebagai bahan penyamak ulang (retanning). Kulit jadi hasil penelitian diuji, didapatkan kekuatan tarik dan kemuluran yang tidak ada beda nyata antara awetan kering dan awetan garam, dengan nilai rataa n kekuatan tarik asal awetan kering :226, 85kg/cm2 dan awetan garam : 234,07kg/cm2, nilai rataan jemukurasn 46,8% dan 43,2%. Dilihat dari hasil uji kulitÂ jadi dari kulit ikan balida bias dimanfaatkan untuk bahan baku industry barang kulit.

Penelitian pembuatan kulit nappa dari kulit domba untuk garmen Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Astuti, Emy Sulistyo; Widhiati, Widhiati; Suharjono, Suharjono; Susila, Jaka; Kuwatno, Kuwatno; Suryadi, Suryadi
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 12, No 22 (1996): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to know the best of variation of retaninagent. Material used in this study are 30 pieces sheep skin wet blue leather while retanning agent added in three variables are Chrome-Blancorol, Chrome Lutan, Chrome-Tanesco. The results of the study were tested on their chemical, physical and visual properties. The data which are statistically analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) show that the best result is obtained by the sheep skins which are retannned using combination of chrome-Tanesco with stitch tear strength = 722.09 N/ cm, tearÂ strength = 140.45 N/ cm, chrome content = 4.4 %, dry rub fastness test showÂ no discolourisation, while wet rub fastness test show a little discolourisation and resistance of dry cleaning to perchloroetylene. Â Â Â INTISARIÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kombinasi bahan penyamakan ulang terbaik pada pembuatan kulit nappa dari kulit domba untuk garmen. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 lembar kulit domba belahan krom basah (wet blue). Bahan penyamak ulang yang digunakan adalah dengan 3 (tiga) macam variasi : Krom â Blancorol, Krom â Lutan dan Krom Tanesco. Kulit nappa hasil penelitian diuji secara kimiawi, fisis dan organleptis. Hasil analisa statistic dengan CRD dan LSD menunjukkan bahwa hasil terbaik dicapai oleh kulit nappa yang disamak ulang dengan kombinasi Krom Tanesco dengan nilai kekuatan jahit = 722,09 N /cm, Kekuatan sobek = 140, 45 N/cm, kadar krom = 4,40 %, ketahanan gosok cat tutup tidak luntur (secara kering) dan sedikit luntur (secara basah), serta tahan terhadap pencucian kering dengan perchloro ethylene.Â

Pengaruh penggunaan bahan pewarna alam dari ekstrak kayu terhadap sifat fisis kulit ikan kakap merah Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Widhiati, Widhiati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 18, No 1 (2002): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Â The objective of this research is to identify the effect of some natural dye of wood extract to the physical properties (tensile strength, elongation and rub fastness resistance) of kakap (Lutjanidae) fish skin leather. Fifteen pieces of dry preserved kakap fish skin were used in this research, and tanned using syntan and alum. The dyeing process was done using natural dyes of wood extract of Caesalpinia sappan L, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Swietenia mahagoni JACQ, Maclura cochinensis, and Ceriops tagal. The result of research indicated that the kind of applied natural dyes were not affect the physical properties of Kakap fish skins. The fish skins dyed using the such natural dyes was able be utilised as material in leather goods manufacturing. One of the five types of natural dye used in this research, Swietenia mahagoni JACQ wood extract produced the best dyed leather having good tensile strength, elongation/flexibility and the colour fastness. The tensile strength was 213,15 kg/cm2, flexibility 56% and colour fastness with wet white cloth 3/4 (grey scale value) and with dry white cloth 4/5 (grey scale value), respectively.Â Key words : kakap fish skin, natural dyes, physical properties.

Penelitian pengaruh variasi jumlah pigmen terhadap kenampakan rajah dan kuat rekat cat tutup kulit atasan sepatu dari kulit sapi dengan tipe finish semi anilin Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Widhiati, Widhiati; Astuti, Emi Sulistyo; Susila, R. Jaka
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 14, No 26 (1999): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of sum of pigmen to concern the appearance of the grain and the second quality wet blue leather castle hide, the treatment of wich is variation of pigmen (20 gram, 40 gram and 90 gram in 1000 gram solution). The data which were satatistically analyzedÂ using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) andÂ Least Significant Difference (LSD) sjow tgat the appearance of the appearance of the grain test is significant and the best result for using 20 gram pigment with score 69.93. Then for the adhesion of finish test (wet and dry) indicated that is njopt significant ber ween three variantion of sum of pigent (20gram, 40gram, 60 gram). Adhesion of finish (wet and dry) included high quality for the grade of shoe upeer with the score is 200 gr/cm (wet, minimum grade 3) and tge score is 543.75 gf/cm (dry minimum grade 1).Â Â INTISARIÂ Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah pigment terhadap kenam[pakan rajah dan kuat rekat cat tutup kulit atasan sepatu dari kulit sapi. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 6 kulit belahan sapi krom basah (wet blue) kualitas nomor 2 yang disamak menjadi kulit atasan sepatu dengan menggunakan 3 (tiga) variasi penggunaan jumlah pignment masing-masing 20 gram,Â 40 gram dan 60 gram dalam 1000 gram larutan. Hasil analisa statistika dengan metoda CRD (Completely Randomizes Design) dab Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (LSD) menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan nyata pada uji kenampakan rajah, dan hasil yang terbaik untuk penggunaan 20 gram pigment. Sedangkan untuk uji kuat rekat cat tutup (basah dan kering) menunjukkan bahwa ada beda nyata antara tiga variasi jumlah pigment (20gram, 40 gram, 60gram). Kuat rekat cat tutup (basah dan kering) termasuk kualitas tinggi untuk tingkatan atasan sepatu, dengan nilai 200 gr/cm (basah, minimal tingkat 2) dan 543.75 gr/cm (kering, minimum tingkatan 1).

Penelitian proses pengapuran â pembuangan bulu menurut methoda Herfeld Oetojo, Bambang; Luthfie, Muchtar; Widari, Widari; Widhiati, Widhiati; Basalamah, Hasan
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 10, No 20 (1995): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The possibility to apply unhairing liming method of Herfeld in Indonesia is the purpose of this research. As a comparison it was perform unhairing and liming method of the institute for Research and Development of Leather and Allied Industries (IRDAI). In this research used 18 piecies of green salted cured goat skin. For each treatment used 3 pieces of green salted cured goat skin and it was done three times. The pelts output were visually investigation for the loose of the hair, the condition of the grain surface and the plump. The output of the visually investigation point out, that the hair were loose easily, the condition of the grain surface of the pelts were clean and the pelts were well plump. Practical meaning of this research is, unhairing and liming method of herfeld may be applied in Indonesia.Â INTISARIÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Kemungkinan untuk menerapkan proses pengapuran dan pembuangan bulu menurut metode Herfeld di Indonesia adalah tujuan dari penelitian ini. Sebagai pembanding dikerjakan pula proses pengapuran dan pembuangan bulu menurut metoda Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Industri Barang Kulit, Karet dan Plastik (BBKKP). Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 18 lembar kulit kambing yang diawet dengan garam, untuk setiap perlakukan menggunakan 3 lembar kulit kambing yang diawetkan dengan garam dikerjakan 3 kali. Kulit pelts yang dihasilkan diamati secara visual mengenai lepasnya bulu, keaadan raja kulit dan kebengkakan kulit bersih dan kebengkakan kulit baik. Arti praktis dari penelitian ini adalah, proses penggapuran dan pembuangan bulu menurut metoda Herfeld dapat diterapkan di Indonesia.

Pengaruh jumlah Cr2O3 terhadap kelemasan kulit atasan sepatu dari kulit biawak finish natural Lutfie, Muchtar; Widhiati, Widhiati; Rahayu, Esti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 12, No 22 (1996): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The study is aimed at detecting the amount of Cr2O3 in percent added in the tanning of lizard skins for natural finished shoe upper leather. The materials used in this study are 36 pieces of dry preservated lizard skins which are tanned to natural finished shoe upper leather, while the tanningÂ agent used are Cr2O3 that added in veried amount as 0,5 %; 1,0 %; 1,5 % and 15 % Basyntan DLX. Using varianâs analysis, it is found that there is a significant difference in the softness of the leather caused by the amount of Cr2O3 added. The use of 1,5% Cr2O3 obviously shows the best result. Â Â INTISARI Â Â Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah Cr2O3 (%) yang digunakan pada penyamakan kulit biawak untuk kulit atasan sepatu finish natural. Dengan menggunakan 36 lembar kulit biawak yang diawet kering diproses untuk kulit jadi untuk kulit atasan sepatu dengan finish natural. Bahan penyamak yang digunakan adalah Cr2O3 dengan variasi 0,5 %; 1,0 %, 1,5 % serta 15 % Basyntan DLX. Dengan menggunakan analisa variasâs ternyata didapatkan ada beda sangat nyata kelemasan akibat pengaruh perbedaan jumlah Cr2O3 yang diberikan. Penggunaan 1,5 % Cr2O3 adalah jumlah yang terbaik.Â

Pemanfaatan kulit skrotom sapi sebagai bahan baku industri barang kulit Lutfi, Muchtar; Widhiati, Widhiati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 15, No 2 (1999): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The aim of the research was to make use of cow scrotum hides to be raw material in leathergood manufacturing. Forty five pieces of scrotum hides were tanned to crust leather using subsequently 6%, 8% and 10% mineral tanning agent; 15%, 20% and 25% vegetable tanning agent; 15%, 20% and 25% synthetic tanning agent. The physical test results indicated that scrotum cow hides were able to be made use as raw material in leathergood manufacturing. The best tensile strength value was achieved by those tanned with mineral tanning agent 10% (175,33 kg/cm2) and the best elongation at break was achieved by those tanned with synthetic tanning agent 15% (41,00%). Where as by using vegetable tanning agent, no single sample fulfilled the requirements of SNI. 06-0253-1989, Quality and Testing method for Glaced Kid Leather. Â Â INTISARIÂ Â Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan kulit skrotom sapi sebagai bahan baku industri barang kulit. Empat puluh lima buah kulit skrotom sapi disamak menjadi kulit kras dengan bahan penyamak mineral 6%; 8%; 8% dan 10%, penyamak nabati 15%%; 20% dan 25%, penyamak sintetis 15%; 20% dan 25%. Hasil uji fisika menunjukkan bahwa kulit skrotom sapi bisa dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku industry barang kulit. Kekuatan tarik terbaik adalah dengan bahan penyamak mineral 10% (175,33 kg/cm3) dan kemuluran yang terbaik adalah dengan bahan penyamak sintetis 15% (41,00%). Sedangkan dengan bahan penyamak nabati tidak ada yang memenuhi persyaratan SNI.06-0253-1989 Kulit Glace Kambing, Mutu dan Cara Uji.

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