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PERBANDINGAN FUNGSI DAN KEDUDUKAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DAN LEMBAGA SEJENISNYA DI TIGA NEGARA (INDONESIA, AUSTRIA DAN PERANCIS) Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina
Al-Qisth Law Review Vol 1, No 1 (2017): AL-QISTH LAW REVIEW
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Pembentukan dari Mahkamah Konstitusi pada dasarnya merupakan manifestasi dari sebuah konsep negara modern. Eksistensi dari Mahkamah Konstitusi di Indonesia saat ini didasari oleh karena pengembangan menuju kearah supremasi konstitusi yang lebih ditegaskan. Suatu studi perbandingan terhadap fungsi dan kedudukan mahkamah Konstitusi di Indonesia, Austria dan Dewan Konstitusi di Prancis menjadi suatu kebergunaan dalam membandingkan mekanisme mengawal konstitusi sebagai esensi dari konstitusi sebagai hukum tertinggi.

Architecture of Indonesias Checks and Balances Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina
Constitutional Review Vol 2, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Research on "checks and balances" in legal studies often raises high quality questions such as, is the checks and balances a doctrine, principle, or legal theory, or maybe precisely the formula of power in politics. History has been recorded that in any discussions regarding the formation of the constitutional separation, division and smelting power is something that is popular to be discussed before and even after becoming the constitution. Therefore, the casting of checks and balances into the constitution is an interesting study to determine the portion and posture. This study used using legal normative methodology. In addition, comparative studies on constitution was conducted using classic and modern constitutional law literature. Several approaches were used on this research such as, historical, political, economical approach on understanding the practice on checks and balance which stated in constitutions in some countries.

ULTRA PETITA DALAM PENGUJIAN UNDANG-UNDANG DAN JALAN MENCAPAI KEADILAN KONSTITUSIONAL Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 9, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

The existence of Constitutional Court after the amendment the 1945 Constitution of Republic Indonesia (1999-2002) brought a fundamental change in the constitutional review of norms. Constitutional review mechanism not just a “review” but the court is also required to search the essence of constitutional review itself and its relation to the constitutional rights. Therefore, the ultra petita decisions issued by the Court should not be viewed as absurd but as a way to uphold justice.

Penuangan Checks and Balances kedalam Konstitusi Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 13, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

On Research “checks and balances” in legal studies often raises high quality questions such as, does the checks and balances is a doctrine, principle, or legal theory, or maybe precisely the formula of power in politics. History been recorded, that in any discussions regarding the formation of the constitutional separation, division and smelting power is something that is popular to be discussed before and even after becoming the constitution. Therefore, the casting of checks and balances into the constitution is an interesting study to determine the portion and posture.

Desain Konstitusional Hukum Migas untuk Sebesar-Besarnya Kemakmuran Rakyat Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 14, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

Tata kelola migas Indonesia diatur dan dituangkan dalam suatu undang-undang. Undang-undang migas pertama adalah UU No 44 tahun 1960. UU ini kemudian diganti menjadi UU No. 8 Tahun 1971 yang memberikan fungsi ganda kepada Pertamina yaitu sebagai operator dan regulator, sedangkan fungsi kebijakan dijalankan oleh pemerintah. Penggabungan dua fungsi ini dikenal sebagai sistem dua kaki. UU No. 22 Tahun 2001 untuk menggantikan UU No. 8 Tahun 1971. UU yang baru ini memisahkan fungsi regulasi dari Pertamina dan memberikannya kepada lembaga yang dikenal sebagai BPMIGAS yang saat ini diganti menjadi SKK Migas. Pemisahan ketiga fungsi ini dikenal sebagai sistem tiga kaki. Akan tetapi, UU No. 22 Tahun 2001 banyak menerima kritikan, terutama karena UU ini dinilai terlalu liberal. Misalnya, Pertamina sebagai perusahaan negara (NOC) harus bersaing secara terbuka dengan perusahaan asing (IOC) yang notabene mempunyai banyak kelebihan baik dalam teknologi, kapital, maupun manajemen resiko; sehingga UU ini sering dicap sebagai pro-asing karena UU No 22 tersebut ternyata lebih banyak memberikan kelonggaran kepada IOC. Alhasil, beberapa kelompok masyarakat maupun perorangan mengajukan gugatan kepada Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) untuk meninjau kembali beberapa pasal. Sejak UU No 22/2001 disahkan, Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) telah beberapa kali melakukan pembatalan terhadap pasal-pasal dalam UU tersebut, sehingga legalitas secara utuh dari UU tersebut dipertanyakan. Carut marutnya Tata kelola migas yang ada telah menyebabkan stagnasi berkepanjangan dalam industri migas nasional, bahkan lebih tepat telah menurunkan kinerja industri strategis ini. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan uraian berkenaan dengan fondasi desain Hukum Migas berbasiskan arah dari putusan-putusan MK terkait UU No 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas Bumi.Indonesian oil and gas governance and has set forth in a spesific law. The first oil and gas laws is Emergency Law No. 44 of 1960. This law was changed to the Law No. 8 of 1971 which provides a dual function, namely to Pertamina (NOC) as the operator and regulator, while the functions of the policy making implemented by the government. These two functions is known as 'two feet'. Oil and Gas Law No 22 of 2001 as new law start separating regulatory functions from Pertamina and give it to the state agencies known as BPMIGAS which is now changed to SKK Migasfor upstream and BPH Migas for downstream. These functions is known as 'three feet'. However, Oil and Gas Law No 22 of 2001 received a lot of criticism, because this law is considered too liberal. For example, Pertamina as a NationalOil Company (NOC) have to compete openly with a International Oil company (IOC) that in fact has many advantages both in technology, capital, and risk management; so this law is often labeled as pro-foreign as Oil and Gas Law No 22 of 2001 turned out to give more leeway to the IOC. As a result, Civil Society through NGO and individuals filed a lawsuit with the Constitutional Court (MK) to review most of the article which indicated inconstitutional norm. Since Oil and Gas Law No 22 of 2001 was passed, the Constitutional Court (MK) has has decided to null and avoidmost of the clauses in the Law, so that legality is in question. Bawdy Governance under existing oil and gas Law has led to prolonged stagnation in the national oil and gas industry, even more appropriately have lowered the performance of this strategic industry. This study is intended to provide a description with respect to create design based on the direction of the Oil and Gas Law of Constitutional Court Desicions

Penguasaan Negara terhadap Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Alam Ruang Angkasa Menurut Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 Farhani, Athari; Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 16, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

Pasca amandemen UUD Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 Pasal 33 ayat (3) yang berbunyi “Bumi, air dan kekayaan yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran rakyat” penguasaan negara yang ada dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) tersebut hanya mengatur pada bumi, air dan yang terkandung di dalamnya. Padahal saat ini keberadaan ruang angkasa berhubungan erat dengan hajat hidup orang banyak, salah satunya pemanfaatan GSO (geo stationary orbit) yang merupakan sumber daya alam terbatas. Sehingga hal tersebut menimbulkan masalah baru khususnya bagi Indonesia sebagai negara khatulistiwa yang mana penempatan GSO berada di atasnya. Masalah tersebut adalah bagaimana internalisasi terkait konsep penguasaan negara menurut Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD NRI 1945 terhadap pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang ada dalam wilayah ruang angkasa, serta bagaimana regulasi-regulasi yang mengatur terkait pemanfaatan sumber daya alam di wilayah ruang angkasa apakah sudah sesuai dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran rakyat. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode penelitian analisis kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa keberadaan ruang angkasa memiliki peranan penting bagi setiap negara, khususnya keberadaan GSO sebagai sumber daya alam terbatas, keberadan GSO hanya ada di atas khatulistiwa dan Indonesia salah satu negara yang dilalui garis khatulistiwa. Beragam konvensi internasional yang telah disahkan ke dalam peraturan di Indonesia maupun regulasi yang ada di Indonesia berkenaan dengan pemanfaatan ruang angkasa sampai saat ini belum memberikan manfaat dan pengaturan yang komprehensif terkait memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang terkandung dalam wilayah ruang angkasa tersebut, sehingga menjadi suatu keharusan bagi Indonesia sebagai negara yang berdaulat untuk memberikan jaminan secara konstitusional bagi keberadaan sumber daya alam yang ada dalam wilayah ruang angkasa untuk dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran rakyat.After the amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 33 paragraph (3) that stated "The land, the water and the natural resources within shall be under the powers of the State and shall be used to the greatest benefit of the people" the state authorities in Article 33 paragraph (3) only regulates earth, water and and the natural resources within. Whereas today, the existence of the outer space is closely associated with the lives of many people, as such, the utilization of GSO (Geostationary Orbit) which is a limited natural resource. So that it rises new issues, especially for Indonesia as an equatorial country where the placement of GSOs is above it. The problem is how to internalization the utilization of natural resources in outer space (related to the concept of state authorities according to Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia), and how the regulation that regulates the utilitazion of natural resources in outer space are appropriately used to the greatest benefit of the people. This study aims to answer these two issuess by investigating normatively or library research. This law research conducted by analyzing secondary data from primary, secondary and tertiary materials. In this qualitative analysis research, the secondary data from primary, secondary and tertiary materials connected to each other and interpreted in order to find answers to solve the research issues. The results of this study provide an overview about the existence of outer space which has an important role for every country, especially the existence of the GSO as a limited natural resource. GSO only exists above the equator and Indonesia is one of the countries which is passed by the equator. International conventions that have been ratified into Indonesian regulations and regulations in Indonesia relating to the utilization of outer space have not provided a comprehensive benefits and regulations related to utilizing natural resources contained in these outer space areas, so that it becomes a necessity for Indonesia as a sovereign country to provide constitutional guarantees for the existence of natural resources that exist in the outer space to be used as much as possible for the prosperity of the people.

Defining Judicial Independence and Accountability Post Political Transition Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina
Constitutional Review Vol 5, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Indonesian constitutional reform after the fall of Soeharto?s New Order brings favorable direction for the judiciary. Constitutional guarantee of judicial independence as regulated in Art 24 (1) of the 1945 Constitution, has closed dark memories in the past. This article decides that the Judiciary is held by the Supreme Court and the judicial bodies below and a Constitutional Court. Such a strict direction of regulation plus the transformation of the political system in a democratic direction should bring about the implementation of the independent and autonomous judiciary. But in reality, even though in a democratic political system and constitutional arrangement affirms the guarantee of independence, but it doesn?t represent the actual situation. There are some problems that remain, such as (i) the absence of a permanent format regarding the institutional relationship between the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, and the Judicial Commission, and (ii) still many efforts to weaken judiciary through different ways such criminalization of judge. Referring to the problem above, then there are gaps between what "is" and what "ought", among others. First, by changing political configuration that tends to be more democratic, the judiciary should be more autonomous. In this context, various problems arise such as (i) disharmony in regulating the pattern of relations between judicial power actors, (ii) various attempts to criminalize judges over their decisions, and (iii) judicial corruption. Second, by the constitutional guarantee of the independence of the judiciary, there will be no legislation that that may reduce constitutional guarantee. However, there are many legislation or regulations that still not in line with a constitutional guarantee concerning judicial independence. This paper reviews and describes in-depth about how to implement constitutional guarantees of judicial independence after the political transition and conceptualize its order to strengthen rule of law in Indonesia

Policies on Regulatory Reform in Indonesia: Some Proposals Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina; Ali, Muhammad
Jurnal Media Hukum Volume 27, Number 1, June 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmh.20200142

AfterÂ the reformation, the number of laws and regulations has continued to increase.Â In the period 2000-2017, there were 35,901 regulations have been issued.Â TheÂ highest number is Regional Regulations, which are as many as 14,225 Regional Regulations, followed by a Ministerial RegulationÂ atÂ 11,873. In the third place, there were 3,163 regulations from non-ministerial institutions.Â This study has main objectives of finding policy choices in an effort to simplify and identify regulations as an agenda for legal reform.Â This researchÂ is aÂ normative juridical research.Â The data used are secondary data, which includes primary and secondary legal materials, in the form of relevant legislation, as examples of regulations that are out of sync, incoherent, and potentially overlapping.Â This study concluded that the regulatory reform agenda can be carried out by three means, i.e. (1) Regulatory simplification (2)Â Reconceptualization of understanding regulatory needs and (3) synergies between regulators. There must be also some reformation between actual practice and long term frameworks on regulation making process and regulation itself. That is because effective regulation is not just predicated on technical information-capturing capabilities (and the experience) of the regulator.

Policies on Regulatory Reform in Indonesia: Some Proposals Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina; Ali, Muhammad
Jurnal Media Hukum Volume 27, Number 1, June 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmh.20200142

AfterÂ the reformation, the number of laws and regulations has continued to increase.Â In the period 2000-2017, there were 35,901 regulations have been issued.Â TheÂ highest number is Regional Regulations, which are as many as 14,225 Regional Regulations, followed by a Ministerial RegulationÂ atÂ 11,873. In the third place, there were 3,163 regulations from non-ministerial institutions.Â This study has main objectives of finding policy choices in an effort to simplify and identify regulations as an agenda for legal reform.Â This researchÂ is aÂ normative juridical research.Â The data used are secondary data, which includes primary and secondary legal materials, in the form of relevant legislation, as examples of regulations that are out of sync, incoherent, and potentially overlapping.Â This study concluded that the regulatory reform agenda can be carried out by three means, i.e. (1) Regulatory simplification (2)Â Reconceptualization of understanding regulatory needs and (3) synergies between regulators. There must be also some reformation between actual practice and long term frameworks on regulation making process and regulation itself. That is because effective regulation is not just predicated on technical information-capturing capabilities (and the experience) of the regulator.

Penguasaan Negara terhadap Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Alam Ruang Angkasa Menurut Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 Athari Farhani; Ibnu Sina Chandranegara
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 16, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Pasca amandemen UUD Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 Pasal 33 ayat (3) yang berbunyi “Bumi, air dan kekayaan yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran rakyat” penguasaan negara yang ada dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) tersebut hanya mengatur pada bumi, air dan yang terkandung di dalamnya. Padahal saat ini keberadaan ruang angkasa berhubungan erat dengan hajat hidup orang banyak, salah satunya pemanfaatan GSO (geo stationary orbit) yang merupakan sumber daya alam terbatas. Sehingga hal tersebut menimbulkan masalah baru khususnya bagi Indonesia sebagai negara khatulistiwa yang mana penempatan GSO berada di atasnya. Masalah tersebut adalah bagaimana internalisasi terkait konsep penguasaan negara menurut Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD NRI 1945 terhadap pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang ada dalam wilayah ruang angkasa, serta bagaimana regulasi-regulasi yang mengatur terkait pemanfaatan sumber daya alam di wilayah ruang angkasa apakah sudah sesuai dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran rakyat. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode penelitian analisis kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa keberadaan ruang angkasa memiliki peranan penting bagi setiap negara, khususnya keberadaan GSO sebagai sumber daya alam terbatas, keberadan GSO hanya ada di atas khatulistiwa dan Indonesia salah satu negara yang dilalui garis khatulistiwa. Beragam konvensi internasional yang telah disahkan ke dalam peraturan di Indonesia maupun regulasi yang ada di Indonesia berkenaan dengan pemanfaatan ruang angkasa sampai saat ini belum memberikan manfaat dan pengaturan yang komprehensif terkait memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang terkandung dalam wilayah ruang angkasa tersebut, sehingga menjadi suatu keharusan bagi Indonesia sebagai negara yang berdaulat untuk memberikan jaminan secara konstitusional bagi keberadaan sumber daya alam yang ada dalam wilayah ruang angkasa untuk dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran rakyat.After the amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 33 paragraph (3) that stated "The land, the water and the natural resources within shall be under the powers of the State and shall be used to the greatest benefit of the people" the state authorities in Article 33 paragraph (3) only regulates earth, water and and the natural resources within. Whereas today, the existence of the outer space is closely associated with the lives of many people, as such, the utilization of GSO (Geostationary Orbit) which is a limited natural resource. So that it rises new issues, especially for Indonesia as an equatorial country where the placement of GSOs is above it. The problem is how to internalization the utilization of natural resources in outer space (related to the concept of state authorities according to Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia), and how the regulation that regulates the utilitazion of natural resources in outer space are appropriately used to the greatest benefit of the people. This study aims to answer these two issuess by investigating normatively or library research. This law research conducted by analyzing secondary data from primary, secondary and tertiary materials. In this qualitative analysis research, the secondary data from primary, secondary and tertiary materials connected to each other and interpreted in order to find answers to solve the research issues. The results of this study provide an overview about the existence of outer space which has an important role for every country, especially the existence of the GSO as a limited natural resource. GSO only exists above the equator and Indonesia is one of the countries which is passed by the equator. International conventions that have been ratified into Indonesian regulations and regulations in Indonesia relating to the utilization of outer space have not provided a comprehensive benefits and regulations related to utilizing natural resources contained in these outer space areas, so that it becomes a necessity for Indonesia as a sovereign country to provide constitutional guarantees for the existence of natural resources that exist in the outer space to be used as much as possible for the prosperity of the people.

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