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All Journal Emerging Science Journal
Martha Loupatty
Department of Physics Education, Universitas Musamus, Merauke 99600, Papua,
Environmental Science

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Fear and Group Defense Effect of a Holling Type IV Predator-Prey System Intraspecific Competition Rian Ade Pratama; Martha Loupatty; Hariyanto Hariyanto; Wahyu Caesarendra; Wahyu Rahmaniar
Emerging Science Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2023): April
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-06

Abstract

Field and experimental data on aquatic ecosystem species show the effect of fear on changing prey demographics. The fear effect has an impact on aquatic ecosystems, such as species migration to settled areas. In this paper, the type of research described is a literature study. The cost effect assigned to the reproductive system of the prey population and the predation function response are given as Holling Type IV for research purposes to model the fear effect. Some research novelties, the equilibrium points are all shown in the population dynamics system model with an analysis of positive equilibrium. Positive and biologically realistic equilibrium points were analyzed using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion which is mathematically a local asymptotically stable. A pair of imaginary eigenvalues with a negative real part can increase population growth. An equilibrium region showing equilibrium for several parameters such as extinction, no predators, and two populations coexisting in a sustainable manner. The correlation and fluctuation of fear and fear cost were investigated to obtain a better model. The results of the numerical simulations show that the prey population becomes more daring to fight or fighting power with significant prey growth rates or high predator mortality rates. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-06 Full Text: PDF
Co-Authors Hariyanto Hariyanto Rian Ade Pratama Wahyu Caesarendra Wahyu Rahmaniar