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LOCAL DISTRIBUTION AND COEXISTENCE OF PREVALENT TREE SPECIES IN PEAT SWAMP FORESTS OF CENTRAL KALIMANTAN Simbolon, Herwint
REINWARDTIA Vol 12, No 5 (2009): Vol. 12, No. 5
Publisher : Research Center for Biology

SIMBOLON, H. 2009. Local Distribution and coexistence of prevalent tree species in peat swamp forests of Central Kalimantan. Reinwardtia 12(5): 373â382 -A study on the distribution and coexistence of prevalent tree species in peat swamp forests was conducted at Lahei and Kelampangan, Central Kalimantan. The prevalent species in both sites were Calophyllum canum, Combretocarpus rotundatus, Cratoxylum glaucum, Ctenolophon parvifolius, Elaeocarpus petiolatus, with Palaquium cochleariifolium at Kelampangan, and Buchanania sessifolia, Madhuca sericea, Semecarpus sp., Shorea balangeran, Tetractomia obovata and Vatica oblongifolia at Lahei plot. The prevalent species were randomly distributed, however, when individuals were grouped into mature vs juvenile, the mature individuals of C. parvifolius tended to be clumped and the juvenile were randomly distributed; while in C. rotundatus, the mature individuals were randomly distributed and the juvenile were clumped. Pattern of the coexistence among the prevalent species in the study site were associated, and independent relationships, and almost no exclusion relationship was found. Independent and associated relationships among the coexisting species may be one of the explanations of the mechanism which maintain relatively high diversity of plant species in the tropical peat swamp forests, which has extreme habitat conditions and narrow habitat heterogeneity. Pattern of the coexistence relationships among mature vs juvenile individuals of the same species varied.

POPULASI POHON JENIS DIPTEROCARPACEAE DITIGA TIPE HUTAN PAMAH KALIMANTAN Simbolon, Herwint
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Data of Dipterocarpaceae species have been extracted from 8 studied plots of 1-ha each, distributed in three types of natural forest in Kalimantan (those were 4 plots in mixed dipterocarps forest, 2 plots in peat swamp forest and 2 plots in heath forest types) for further population analysis. Number of Dipterocarpaceae species in mixed dipterocarps forest type was higher than of in two other forest types, however mean number of individual per species was higher in peat swamp and heath forest types than of in mixed dipterocarps forest type. Some of Dipterocarpaceae species are adapted to heath and peat swamp forest type conditions indicated by the number and distribution of population of the species in both forest types. The higher the population number of juvenile trees 5-10 cm in diameter, the lower population number of mature trees of diameter 50cm up, indicated the higher tree population the higher mortality rate. However, survivorship of tree will higher as the tree diameter higher. Survivorship of trees in mixed dipterocarp forest is higher than of in peat swamp and heath forest types.

EPIFIT DAN LIANA PADA POHON DI HUTAN PAMAH PRIMER DAN BEKAS TERBAKAR KALIMANTAN TIMUR, INDONESIA SIMBOLON, Herwint
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Epiphytes and lianas on the trees grown in three categories of gradation of Mixed Dipteroearp Forests (natural, lightly degraded and heavily degraded after forest fires) have been studied in Bukit Bangkirai Nature Recreation Park, East Kalimantan.166 species of epiphytes and lianas were found in those three study plots, among them 89; 134 and 56 species were distributed in the natural, lightly degraded and heavily degraded forest plots, respectively. 30 species were distributed widely in three types of forests, 37 species were tend to be the shade tolerant species and 16 species as light demanding species, since they were distributed in the closed and open forests, respectively. The most common species that distributed in those three studied plots were Derris elegans, Spatholobus gyrocarpus and Embelia ribes. Number of epiphytes and lianas on the single individual tree host were increase as the tree diameter increased. Number of species of epiphytes and lianas on a species of host were increased as the number of individuals were increased, indicates that most of these epiphytes and lianas were not host specific.

PROSES AWAL PEMULIHAN HUTAN GAMBUT KELAMPANGAN-KALIMANTAN TENGAH PASCA KEBAKARAN HUTAN DESEMBER 1997 DAN SEPTEMBER 2002 Simbolon, Herwint
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 7, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Two 1-ha (100m by 100m) plots were established at a peat swamp forest of Kelampangan, Central Kalimantan on May 2002. One plot was established at a forest that has been started to regenerate after forest fire December 1997 (PK) and another one at the unburnt natural forest (HAG). Both plots were separated by artificial canal, about 300m away to southwest (HAG) wards and to northeast wards (PK) of the canal. All trees with stem girth at 130cm height of more than 15cm (or about 4.8 cm in diameter) within the plots were enumerated and measured in May 2002 and re-measured again in May 2003. HAG plot was consisted of 3074 tree individuals grouped into 80 species (Fishersa = 15.02) with total basal areas of 33.19 mTha, dominated by (top five in BA, from higher to lower): Callophyllum canum, Combretocarpus rotundatus, Campnosperma squamatum, Ctenolophon parvifolius and Cratoxylum glaucum. Species with higher number of individual were: C. canum (515 individuals), Cp. squamatum (355), Ct. parvifolius (350), Elaeocarpus petiolatus (183) and Cr. glaucum (125). PK plot consisted of 1158 individuals, 103 species (Fishersa = 27.3) and total basal areas were 7.43 mVha, dominated by: Co. rotundatus, Cratoxylum arborescens, Palaquium gutta, Shorea teysmaniana and Syzygium ochneocarpum. Species with higher number of individuals were C. arborescens (256 individuals), S. teysmaniana (104), Sy.ochneocarpum (50), Horsjieldia crassifolia (47) and Cp. squamatum (46). Based on its tree diameter and growth rate, most of the trees (1102 individuals) within PK plot were grown after forest fire December 1997, while the rest 56 trees with higher stem diameter were escaped from forest fire December 1997, mostly belong to: C. canum, Co. rotundatus, Dyera lowii, P. gutta. Based on the species number and total basal areas, the recovery rate of peat swamp forest at PK plot after first forest fire December 1997 were categorized as very high. In September 2002, PK plot was burnt again while HAG remain unburnt, and in May 2003, only 2 individuals of Dyera lowii were found to produce new leaves after escaped from the fire, one laid stem of Co.rotundatus produced new shoot and one standing dead tree of Cr. arborescens produced sprouts from the base of the stem. Growth rate relative,mortality rate and recruitment rate of trees at natural un-burnt forest of the HAG plot were also discussed.

VEGETATION OF FRESH WATER SWAMPY AREAS IN WEST AND CENTRAL KALIMANTAN Suzuki, Eizi; Kohyama, Takashi; Simbolon, Herwint
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 3 (2000)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Vegetation types in fresh water swampy areas: Mandor in West Kalimantan and Lahei in Central Kalimantan, were compared.There were three types: kerangas, kerangas shrub and peat swamp forest. Kerangas forests in both areas had similar flora in some extent.That of peat swamp was very different from kerangas though both vegetations distributed in adjacent area.

DIVERSITY OF APHYLLOPHORALES FUNGI ISOLATED FROM TANJUNG PUTING NATIONAL PARK, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN AND ITS POTENTIALITY FOR LIGNIN DECOMPOSITION Artiningsih, Typuk; Simbolon, Herwint; Suhirman, Suhirman; Osaki, Mitsuru
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 3 (2000)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A total of fifty-three samples of fungal basidiocarp were collected from peat area in Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. These samples are mostly determined to genus until more studies are available.The fungi were isolated on CMA medium then the isolated strains were purified on PDA medium. The fungi belong to at least 3 families of Aphyllophorales, however there were a wide diversity in the genus with respect to macroscopic examination.An agar plate screening procedures was developed for the rapid selection of fungi and estimation of their capacity for lignin-decomposer. The test is based on the visualization and interpretation of the formation of halo zone or decolourization process in well-defined agar medium containing Poly R-478. The selected isolates were also tested in to rhemazol brilliant blue R salt (RBBR) medium. Five isolates had the ability to decolourize either Poly R-478 or RBBR. These isolates showed a qualitative lignin decomposition although a comparative study of selected fungi revealed the difference potentiality. The highest loss of lignin was 28.18% and attempts have been made to determine the unidentified fungi, which is resupinate type, by direct sequencing of 18s ribosomal DNA (rDNA).

SUKSESI SEKUNDER PASCA TEBANG PILIH HUTAN PAMAH DIPTEROCARPS DIDESA TAILELEU, TAMAN NASIONAL PULAU SIBERUT, SUMATERA BARAT Simbolon, Herwint
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 4 (2001)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A study on the tree diversity and secondary succession after selective logging of lowland mixed dipterocarps forest has been conducted at three sites (Mongakngai, Kaloat, and Taipah) of Taileleu Village, Siberut Island National Park, West Sumatra. Plot size at each Mongakngai, Kaloat and Taipah site was: 100 x 30m; 100 x 40m; and 100 x 50m,respectively. Tree plants with DBH of more than 10 cm at each site were 50, 47 and 42 (or 101 species in total), while small tree plants of 2-10cm in DBH were 78, 11 and 98 (or 203 species in total), respectively. The most dominant species were Ficus subcordata, Aphorosa sphaeridophora and Castanopsios rhamnifolia at each site, respectively. Based on the similarity indices, those sites were clustered. Species diversity and structure of the forest at each site were also discussed in relation to the natural succession of forest.

EKOLOGI HUTAN GAMBUT DITAMAN NASIONAL TANJUNG PUTING, KALIMANTAN TENGAH Mirmanto, Edi; Polosakan, Ruddy; Simbolon, Herwint
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 3 (2000)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Ecological studies of peat-swamp forest was conducted in the Tanjung Puting National Park,Central Kalimantan. One-hectare permanent plot has been establishes in order to describe the forest structure and floristic composition. Within 1-ha plot 141 species of tree (dbh >10 cm) and saplings (dbh 5-10 cm) belongs to 84 genera and 43 families recorded. Glutta wallichii, Neoscortechinia philippinensis and Gonystyllus bancanus were dominant tree species, whereas Baccaurea racemosa was very dominant for sapling stage.Trees density 2 2 was 728 /ha with basal area of 43.01 m /ha whereas density of sapling was 904 /ha with basal area of 3.8 m /ha. Most (30.7 %) of trees with dbh 10 - 30 cm and only 2.23 % of them reach up to dbh > 50 cm. There are three canopy layers that are I-layer was 26.8-33.6 m,II-layer was 17.8-26.8 m and Ill-layer was 9.8-17.6 m high.

THE GROWTH DYNAMICS ON TREE SPECIES OF FAGACEAE FAMILY IN A TROPICAL MONTANE RAIN FOREST OF WEST JAVA, INDONESIA Simbolon, Herwint
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 6 (2001)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A one ha (100 x 100 m ) permanent plot each was established at sub-mountain (1000 m altitude) and mountain forests (1800 m altitude)in Gunung Halimun National Park,West Java in 1996.Both plots were monitored periodically in order to understand the population dynamics of tree species, an important aspect on understanding forest ecology.Number of individuals and total basal areas of Fagaceae species represented about 10 and 20.5% of total species in sub-mountain and 38 and 56.1% of total species in mountain forest.The distribution pattern of tree height(H, in m) of the similar diameter (D in cm) was consistently lower in mountain forest than of sub-mountain forest.The highest mortality index in sub-mountain and mountain forests was occurred on Lithocarpus sp.(ruui) and Castanopsis acuminatissima, respectively.As a whole, in both study sites, number of mortal individuals of all Fagaceae species during 1996-200 was higher than of recruit individuals.The growth and population dynamics of the Fagaceae species in both sites within 1996-2000 study periods were also discussed.

REHABILITATION OF DEVASTATED PEAT LANDS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF SUSTAINABLE AGRO-SYSTEMS THROUGH BUFFER ZONE PLANNING IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN Osaki, Mitsuru; Wijaya, Hanny; Simbolon, Herwint
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 3 (2000)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

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