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The Production of Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste and Its Formulation in Patch DosageForm Combined with Aloe vera Extract as Antiinfection Agent Haeriah, Haeriah; Rahmatullah, Muhammad; Indardaya, Andi; Utomo, Emilia; Novianti, Novianti; Sartini, Sartini
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol 1, No 1 (2017): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

Chitosan can be obtained from chitin isolated from shrimp waste through the process of deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan can be used as a patch base material because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability, and has antibacterial activity. The combination of Chitosan and Aloe vera extracts may be useful in patch dosage forms as wound dressings that have antiinfective activity. The research methods was laboratory experimental which consists of : chitosan was obtained from shell waste sequentially by deproteinisation, demineralisation, and deacetylation processes, and analyzed its characteristic, respectivel; Aloe vera gel was extraction by maceration methods using ethanol as solvent; patches were formulated using 2 % chitosan in 1.5 % glacial acetic acid,  1.6 %  Aloe vera extracts and 10 % glycerin and evaluated its physical propoperties,  skin iritation test, and antibacterial test against S.aureus. The results showed that percentage yield of chitosan was 32.67%, with characteristics; Its viscosity 93.33 cps, pH 4, 30 % deacetylation degree.  Percentage yield of Aloe vera  extract was 22.73%, containing acemannan, and had antibacterial activity against S.aureus.  The result of patch evaluation showed that the thickness of patch was 0.45 mm, 114 times folding endurance, moisture uptake of 45.03%, moisture content of 23.64%, safe to use, and  diameter of inhibition zone was 6.39 mm against S.aureus. So, combination of Aloe vera and Chitosan from shrimp shell as patch may use as antiinfection wound healing.  Keywords : Aloe vera L.; chitosan; wound dressing; patch; shrimp shell waste
A Study on Entrapment Efficiency of Earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) Extract in the Ethosomal Drug Delivery System Pratiwi, Sabrina Resky; Ainiah, Nur; Hardyanti, Hardyanti; Putri, Dini Rusdayanti; Utomo, Emilia
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol 1, No 1 (2017): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

IntroductionEarthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) extract is known to contain  bioactive protein as antibacterial compounds. One of the disadvantages of polar compounds is slow penetration into the skin layers which can be solved by formulating it in the form of ethosomal drug delivery system. The aims of this research was to get information about ethanol concentration that can give the highest entrapment efficiency of the ethosome. MethodsEarthworms powder was macerated using 50% ethanol for 3 days. The extract was  formulated into ethosome with variation of ethanol concentration that are 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. The measurement of entrapment efficiency was conducted by measuring the amount of active protein of earthworms extract that was entrapped in ethosome vesicles using spectrophotometer UV-Visible.ResultsThe results showed that the highest entrapment efficiency was 72.58 % performed by formula which was made with 0.5 % extract, 2 % soy lecithin and 50 % ethanol.ConclusionsThe highest percentage of entrapment efficiency of earthworms extract ethosome was 72.58%.Keywords : ethosome, ethanol concentration , entrapment efficiency, Lumbricus rubellus. Â