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The Hospital as An Ideological State Apparatus and Disciplinary Agent as Seen through the Main Character in Kenzaburo Oeâ€™s A Personal Matter Ardhana, Alwi Atma; Wardani, Elisa Dwi
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 15, No 1 (2015): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

This study attempts to examine the disciplining process of the main character in Kenzaburo Oeâ€™s novel entitled A Personal Matter under the light of structural-Marxism theories on ideology, interpellation and hegemony. Bird, the main character, is described as an unruly character that often reacts differently from other characters in dealing with his life. However, at the end of the novel Bird becomes a different person after a series of disciplining process in the hospital. The hospital has employed disciplinary methods such as panopticism, examination and normalizing judgment on Bird. Those disciplinary actions are largely based on the ideology of Marugakae as the ideology of Japanese society. In turn, the disciplinary actions are to inject the ideology of the state to Bird. The shift in Birdâ€™s characteristics has rendered him one of the common people subordinated by the common system or ideology. In this sense, the prevailing system in Japanese society as seen in the novel continues to exist.Keywords: power, ideology, interpellation, hegemony, panopticism, Marugakae

Crisis of Identity and Mimicry in Orwellâ€™s Burmese Days Seen through a Local Native Character U Po Kyin: A Postcolonial Readin Perdana, B. Endo Gauh; Wardani, Elisa Dwi
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 17, No 1 (2017): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

This study analyzes how crisis of identity and mimicry occurs in the postcolonial discourse. A local native character whose name is U Po Kyin is the focus of the study. As a native character, he holds a high ranking position for local in the British Raj in Burma. However, he is portrayed as a corrupt official as he accepts bribes and denounces his rival. His ambition to get the membership, an elite European Club, drives him infuriated to destroy his rivalâ€™s reputation because naturally it is him who would be elected as the first local member of the Club. At the end of the novel, Kyin finally secures his membership but he fails to atone his evil-doings by building pagodas as a Buddhist. Kyinâ€™s attitude is seen as how he manages to deal with his inferiority towards the British. He is also observed to mimic the British as his strategy to erase the idea of being colonized.There are two problem formulations in this study. The first is to find out how U Po Kyin suffers from crisis of identity through his characterization in the novel. Then, the second objective is to understand how his crisis of identity leads him to mimic the British.This study condludes that U Po Kyin suffers from crisis of identity. He is oppressed conscious and unconsciously by the British. This causes his self-image to be eroded. Even though he is relatively wealthier than his fellow natives, he still craves for more as he realizes that there is something more than money. He wants to be detached from his inferiority. The elite European Club represents his ambition because it offers him status to be like the British. That is why he schemes to crush his rival. In his schemes, denigrating his rival means to mimic the British because he needs to differ himself from the natives. However, he is still powerless because the British still consider him as the subject of colonialization. Keywords: crisis of identity, mimicry, postcolonial reading

Capitalism as an Ideology Criticized through Allegory in RyÅ«nosuke Akutagawaâ€™s Kappa Setiowati, Rosa Vania; Wardani, Elisa Dwi
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 16, No 2 (2016): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Ryunosuke Akutagawaâ€Ÿs novel entitled Kappa (1926) is believed to be the allegory of Japanesetructure of politics and the economy in the 20th century Japan. Yet, none of the study focused on describing the function of this allegorical Kappaland and its society to criticize the system of capitalism in Japan. Thus, the writer finds it important to scrutinize how the author of the story employs the allegory, as a rhetorical device of literary works, to criticize the reign of the dominant class in Japanese systems of politics and economy. Focusing on the allegorical characters, setting, and significant events, this study seek for, the evidence that Kappa is the representation of Japanese society. Some events are created to signify the real condition of Japan in the early of 20th century, after the Meiji Restoration. The effect of industrial revolution brings several questions, including the role of the State and its apparatuses, to be problematized in this study. In addition, Akutagawa points out some of the lacks and shortcomings of humans through the allegorical characters and events in Kappaland. The settings are employed to show the life-likeness of Kappa and humans and support the wholeness of allegory. Analysis on parallelism of Kappaland and Japan is deemed important to reveal the criticism Akutagawa raises through the characters and the significant events. The setting of the story is pretty similar to what Japan was experienced, for instance the massive industrial production linked to the capitalist mode of production, the accumulation of power and wealth to the small amount of the dominant class. It is observed that Kappa is a disgusting and deformed mirror Akutagawa gives to humans to reflect their life. Keywords: capitalism, ideology, Akutagawa

The Questioning of the Concept of Masculinity in Joyce Lebraâ€™s The Scent of Sake Mianani, Sindhy Sintya; Wardani, Elisa Dwi
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 18, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Gender is the social construction of elaborating sex, which is supposed to be distinguished from the biological categories of being male or female. Gender is said to be a very complex phenomenon and one has to acquire it through the process of socialization. Sex itself determines gender, while gender determines gender roles, whether it is masculinity or femininity. This study discusses Joyce Lebraâ€™s The Scent of Sake as a novel which portrays a violation to the concept of masculinity recognized in Japanese male gender roles, or also known as daikokubashira, through the analysis of its male character, Jihei. The discussion consists of the analysis of how Jihei is depicted as an unmasculine man in the novel. Then, followed by the discussion on the reason why Jiheiâ€™s unmasculine characteristics are considered as a form of violation to the concept of masculinity recognized in daikokubashira.The results of this study shows that Jihei is depicted as a man whose characteristics reject the masculine qualities expected by society. Thus, they are also said as questioning the concept of masculinity recognized in daikokubashira. Hence, it can be said that Joyce Lebraâ€™s The Scent of Sake portrays and encourages masculinity as a mandatory characteristic which is supposed to be possessed by men, especially in patriarchal culture, but it also counts as a double-edged sword for them.Keywords: questioning, masculinity, â€˜daikokubashiraâ€™Â

Capitalism as an Ideology Criticized through Allegory in Ry?nosuke Akutagawas Kappa Rosa Vania Setiowati; Elisa Dwi Wardani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 16, No 2 (2016): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Ryunosuke Akutagawa?s novel entitled Kappa (1926) is believed to be the allegory of Japanesetructure of politics and the economy in the 20th century Japan. Yet, none of the study focused on describing the function of this allegorical Kappaland and its society to criticize the system of capitalism in Japan. Thus, the writer finds it important to scrutinize how the author of the story employs the allegory, as a rhetorical device of literary works, to criticize the reign of the dominant class in Japanese systems of politics and economy. Focusing on the allegorical characters, setting, and significant events, this study seek for, the evidence that Kappa is the representation of Japanese society. Some events are created to signify the real condition of Japan in the early of 20th century, after the Meiji Restoration. The effect of industrial revolution brings several questions, including the role of the State and its apparatuses, to be problematized in this study. In addition, Akutagawa points out some of the lacks and shortcomings of humans through the allegorical characters and events in Kappaland. The settings are employed to show the life-likeness of Kappa and humans and support the wholeness of allegory. Analysis on parallelism of Kappaland and Japan is deemed important to reveal the criticism Akutagawa raises through the characters and the significant events. The setting of the story is pretty similar to what Japan was experienced, for instance the massive industrial production linked to the capitalist mode of production, the accumulation of power and wealth to the small amount of the dominant class. It is observed that Kappa is a disgusting and deformed mirror Akutagawa gives to humans to reflect their life. Keywords: capitalism, ideology, Akutagawa

Crisis of Identity and Mimicry in Orwells Burmese Days Seen through a Local Native Character U Po Kyin: A Postcolonial Readin B. Endo Gauh Perdana; Elisa Dwi Wardani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 17, No 1 (2017): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

This study analyzes how crisis of identity and mimicry occurs in the postcolonial discourse. A local native character whose name is U Po Kyin is the focus of the study. As a native character, he holds a high ranking position for local in the British Raj in Burma. However, he is portrayed as a corrupt official as he accepts bribes and denounces his rival. His ambition to get the membership, an elite European Club, drives him infuriated to destroy his rivals reputation because naturally it is him who would be elected as the first local member of the Club. At the end of the novel, Kyin finally secures his membership but he fails to atone his evil-doings by building pagodas as a Buddhist. Kyins attitude is seen as how he manages to deal with his inferiority towards the British. He is also observed to mimic the British as his strategy to erase the idea of being colonized.There are two problem formulations in this study. The first is to find out how U Po Kyin suffers from crisis of identity through his characterization in the novel. Then, the second objective is to understand how his crisis of identity leads him to mimic the British.This study condludes that U Po Kyin suffers from crisis of identity. He is oppressed conscious and unconsciously by the British. This causes his self-image to be eroded. Even though he is relatively wealthier than his fellow natives, he still craves for more as he realizes that there is something more than money. He wants to be detached from his inferiority. The elite European Club represents his ambition because it offers him status to be like the British. That is why he schemes to crush his rival. In his schemes, denigrating his rival means to mimic the British because he needs to differ himself from the natives. However, he is still powerless because the British still consider him as the subject of colonialization. Keywords: crisis of identity, mimicry, postcolonial reading

The Hospital as An Ideological State Apparatus and Disciplinary Agent as Seen through the Main Character in Kenzaburo Oes A Personal Matter Alwi Atma Ardhana; Elisa Dwi Wardani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 15, No 1 (2015): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

This study attempts to examine the disciplining process of the main character in Kenzaburo Oes novel entitled A Personal Matter under the light of structural-Marxism theories on ideology, interpellation and hegemony. Bird, the main character, is described as an unruly character that often reacts differently from other characters in dealing with his life. However, at the end of the novel Bird becomes a different person after a series of disciplining process in the hospital. The hospital has employed disciplinary methods such as panopticism, examination and normalizing judgment on Bird. Those disciplinary actions are largely based on the ideology of Marugakae as the ideology of Japanese society. In turn, the disciplinary actions are to inject the ideology of the state to Bird. The shift in Birds characteristics has rendered him one of the common people subordinated by the common system or ideology. In this sense, the prevailing system in Japanese society as seen in the novel continues to exist.Keywords: power, ideology, interpellation, hegemony, panopticism, Marugakae

The Questioning of the Concept of Masculinity in Joyce Lebras The Scent of Sake Sindhy Sintya Mianani; Elisa Dwi Wardani
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 18, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Gender is the social construction of elaborating sex, which is supposed to be distinguished from the biological categories of being male or female. Gender is said to be a very complex phenomenon and one has to acquire it through the process of socialization. Sex itself determines gender, while gender determines gender roles, whether it is masculinity or femininity. This study discusses Joyce Lebras The Scent of Sake as a novel which portrays a violation to the concept of masculinity recognized in Japanese male gender roles, or also known as daikokubashira, through the analysis of its male character, Jihei. The discussion consists of the analysis of how Jihei is depicted as an unmasculine man in the novel. Then, followed by the discussion on the reason why Jiheis unmasculine characteristics are considered as a form of violation to the concept of masculinity recognized in daikokubashira.The results of this study shows that Jihei is depicted as a man whose characteristics reject the masculine qualities expected by society. Thus, they are also said as questioning the concept of masculinity recognized in daikokubashira. Hence, it can be said that Joyce Lebras The Scent of Sake portrays and encourages masculinity as a mandatory characteristic which is supposed to be possessed by men, especially in patriarchal culture, but it also counts as a double-edged sword for them.Keywords: questioning, masculinity, daikokubashira

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