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Oktavianus Ch. Salim, Oktavianus Ch.
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Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Comparative analysis of transport media for isolating Shigella Lesmana, Murad; Salim, Oktavianus Ch.; Herwana, Elly; Bukitwetan, Paul; Surjawidjaja, Julius E
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.51-56

Abstract

Transport media for Shigella include buffered glycerol saline (BGS), and Cary-Blair (CB). However being a liquid medium BGS may leak or spill during transport and thus may cause contamination. The other concern is the 30% concentration of glycerol in the BGS which may be inhibitory to some susceptible Shigella species. This study was conducted to determine the best and safe transport media for Shigella. Rectal swab samples were obtained from 289 dysenteric patients and transported to the laboratory in Cary-Blair (CB) transport medium, standard buffered glycerol saline (BGS), BGS with the addition of 0.5% agar (BGS-A), and BGS with the addition of 0.5% agar and reduced glycerol to 15% (BGS-M). Recovery rates between CB, BGS, BGS-A and BGS-M and their combinations were compared. The overall prevalence of Shigella recovered from any of the four tubes was 24.9% (72/289). CB and BGS-M recovered Shigella in 54 out of 289 patients (18.7%), CB and BGS-A in 50 (17.3%), and CB and BGS in 49 (17.0%), while CB, BGS, BGS-A, and BGS-M alone gave positive Shigella in 30 (10,4%), 29 (10.0%), 34 (11.8%) and 46 (15.9%), respectively. This study suggests that a minor modification to the BGS raised the recovery rate of Shigella.
Perbandingan agar MacConkey, Salmonella-Shigella, dan xylose lysine deoxycholate untuk isolasi Shigella dari usap dubur penderita diare Surjawidjaja, Julius E; Salim, Oktavianus Ch.; Bukitwetan, Paul; Lesmana, Murad
Universa Medicina Vol 26, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2007.v26.57-63

Abstract

LATAR BELAKANGUmumnya media untuk isolasi Shigella dari tinja terdiri dari media diferensial seperti MacConkey (MAC) dan media selektif seperti agar Salmonella-Shigella (SS), xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD), dan Hektoen enteric (HEA). Untuk isolasi kuman enterik digunakan kombinasi media dengan selektivitas sedang dan sangat selektif, tetapi belum ada keseragaman mengenai media atau kombinasi media yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan media MAC, SS, dan XLD serta mengetahui media mana yang paling sensitif untuk isolasi Shigella.METODEUsap dubur dari penderita diare ditanamkan pada agar MAC, SS dan XLD. Lempeng- agar diinkubasi pada suhu 370C selama 24 jam. Koloni tersangka (non-lactose fermenting) diambil dan ditanamkan ke media biokimia untuk identifikasi Shigella. Uji serologi dilakukan untuk konfirmasi dengan menggunakan serum anti spesifik (Difco laboratories, Detroit, MI). Program Epi Info versi 6 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) digunakan untuk analisis statistik.HASILSebanyak 1.027 usap dubur dari penderita diare dibiakkan pada agar MAC, SS, dan XLD. Hasil isolasi untuk Shigella secara keseluruhan adalah 8,4%, terdiri dari S. flexneri 6,2%, S. sonnei 1,9%, S. boydii 0,2% dan S. dysenteriae 0,2%. Derajat isolasi Shigella pada agar MAC adalah sebesar 5,1%, pada SS 4,8%, dan pada XLD 7,1%. Kombinasi dari media biakan menunjukkan bahwa 6,5% dari isolat Shigella diperoleh dari MAC+SS, 8,1% dari MAC+XLD, dan 7,9% dari SS+XLD. Dari 86 usap dubur yang positif untuk Shigella, 20 (22,7%) isolat berasal ari lempeng agar XLD saja, 5 (5,8%) dari SS saja, dan 6 (7,0%) dari MAC saja.KESIMPULANUntuk isolasi S. flexneri dan S. sonnei, XLD adalah media yang paling sensitif. MAC+XLD merupakan kombinasi media diferensial dan selektif yang paling sensitif untuk isolasi kuman Shigella.
Dietary zinc intake and zinc status differences between male and female elderls of South Jakarta community Kusumaratna, Rina K.; Salim, Oktavianus Ch.; Sudharma, Novia I
Universa Medicina Vol 26, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2007.v26.179-185

Abstract

IntroductionThe elderly have a greater risk of zinc deficiency compared to younger adults. This condition may be reflected by a lowered zinc intake and reduced zinc absorption in the elderly. The aim of the study was to explore the dietary zinc intake and zinc status differences between male and female elderly.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted included eighty-nine free-living subjects, aged above 60 years, apparently healthy and ambulatory. A two day and non consecutive diet record was used to assess energy and nutrient intake of the elderly. It was combined with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), with food model that was also used to quantify the food pattern on each food frequency item. Serum zinc concentrations were measured by using atomic absorption spectrum photometry. ResultsThe total energy intake and normal serum zinc concentration in both genders of free-living elderly were mostly below the recommended dietary allowance. The mean serum zinc concentration did not differ significantly between female (13.7 µmo/l) and male elderly (13.9 µmo/l). Mostly the intake of zinc was below two thirds of the RDA it presented on intake of zinc in males was much less compared to female. Overall, the prevalence of zinc deficiency appeared low among the free-living elderly in South Jakarta.ConclusionsThe prevalence of zinc deficiency was relatively low in healthy elderly. Prevalence of zinc deficiency and zinc intake were lower in female compared to male elderly.
Alkaline peptone water plus 0.5% agar suitable for transport of Vibrio cholerae Meiyanti, Meiyanti; Salim, Oktavianus Ch.; Surjawidjaja, Julius E.; Lesmana, Murad
Universa Medicina Vol 30, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2011.v30.95-101

Abstract

Microbiological procedures for V. cholerae isolation from clinical specimens are important factors in clinical and epidemiological management of cholera. The standard preservation medium for enteric pathogenic bacteria, including V. cholerae, is Cary-Blair medium (CB), a semisolid medium for preservation and transport of specimens containing intestinal bacteria. A special medium for Vibrio organisms is alkaline peptone water (APW), which is both a transport and an enrichment medium. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the suitability of APW supplemented with 0.5% agar (APW-0.5) as a sensititive preservation-transport medium for rectal swab specimens for isolation of V. cholerae. A total of 144 paired rectal swab specimens were collected from children and adults with acute diarrhea. Of each specimen pair, one was placed in CB and the other in APW-0.5, from which they were plated out to thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose (TCBS) agar. Altogether, from both CB and APW-0.5 transported specimens, V. cholerae non-O1 was present in 29 (20.1%) specimens, while only 2 (1.4%) specimens were positive in CB and 9 (6.3%) positive in APW-0.5 transported specimens. The number of V. cholerae non-O1 isolates from APW-0.5 transported specimens was significantly higher (p=0.000) as compared to that from Cary-Blair transported specimens. It may be concluded that for isolation of V. cholerae, specimen transport in APW-0.5 medium was more effective than transport in Cary-Blair medium.
Isolation and antibiotic sensitivity of Aeromonas from children with diarrhea Meiyanti, Meiyanti; Salim, Oktavianus Ch.; Surjawidjaja, Julius E.; Lesmana, Murad
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.14-20

Abstract

Aeromonas species are gram-negative, motile, facultative anaerobic, rod shaped, oxidase positive bacteria of the recently assigned family Aeromonadaceae. The significance of Aeromonas species as causative agent of human diarrhoea has recently been established. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution, and antibiotic sensitivity of Aeromonas in nonhospitalized children with diarrhea.One hundred and seventeen rectal swabs from children with diarhhea were cultured for isolation of Aeromonas organisms as the etiological agents. In addition to Aeromonas, other enteric pathogens were also isolated. Overall, the isolates of enteric pathogens amounted to 36.8%, consisting of Salmonella, Shigella, Aeromonas, and Vibrio. Aeromonas was only found in 5.1% of cultures, with a ratio of A. caviae and A. hydrophila of 2:1, while Salmonella made up the majority of causative organisms with an isolation frequency of 18.8%, followed by Shigella with 11.1%. In this study no isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 were found as etiological agents of diarrhea; however, V. cholerae non-O1 and V. parahaemolyticus were found in small numbers (<1%). All isolates of Aeromonas were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, but sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, as were the other enteric pathogens. Although the frequency of isolation of these enteric pathogens was higher than for Vibrio spp., their role in infective diarrhea was less clearcut in comparison with Salmonella and Shigella.
Co-Authors Elly Herwana, Elly Julius E Surjawidjaja, Julius E Julius E. Surjawidjaja, Julius E. Meiyanti Meiyanti, Meiyanti Murad Lesmana Novia I. Sudharma, Novia I. Paul Bukitwetan, Paul Rina K. Kusumaratna, Rina K.