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All Journal BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL (BMJ) E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico
I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit Aribawa
Department Of Anesthesiology, Pain Management, And Intensive Care, Faculty Of Medicine, Udayana University, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Other

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Efficacy of Subcutaneous Morphine Patient Controlled Analgesia Compared to Intravenous Morphine Patient Controlled Analgesia on Cesarean Section Wiryana, Made; Sinardja, I Ketut; Budiarta, I Gede; Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung; Widnyana, I Made Gde; Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit; Nainggolan, Elisma
Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Vol 1, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/bjoa.v1i3.27

Abstract

Background: Cesarean section causes moderate to severe pain in the first 48 hours postoperatively, thus requiring an adequate perioperative pain management, not only so that the mother can be quickly discharged but also to perform daily activities after surgery such as breastfeeding and nurse the baby.Objective: To determine the efficacy of subcutaneous morphine patient controlled analgesia (SC-PCA) in lowering VAS (visual analogue score), total morphine consumption and postoperative side effect on cesarean section compared with intravenous morphine patient controlled analgesia (IV- PCA).Methods: This study is an experimental clinical trial using consecutive sampling technique. Sixty-four subjects were allocated into two groups of PCA morphine subcutaneously (SC-PCA) and the group PCA morphine intravenously (IV-PCA), each consisting of 32 subjects using permuted block randomization. Morphine concentration was 5 mg/ml (group SC-PCA) or the concentration of 1mg/ml (group IV-PCA). Both groups were then analyzed for VAS ratings, total morphine consumption, and adverse effects, post operatively at 4th, 8th, and 24th hour. Statistic analysis using repeated ANOVA test and t-test with p <0.05 onsidered significant.Result: Morphine consumption in IV-PCA group showed lower needs than SC-PCA (9.41 mg vs 4,9mg) p <0.001 24 at 24 hours postoperatively. The VAS at resting at 4th hours statistically significantly lower in IV-PCA group (1.06 ± 0.71 vs 0.81 ± 1.40, p=0.029) and at 8th hours (1.03 ± 0.59 vs 0.94 ± 0,9, p=0.048). The moving VAS at 4th hours statistically significant lower in IV-PCA group (2.31 ± 0.47 vs 1.45 ± 2.06, p=0.019) but the static or VAS at moving are not different clinically. Side effects of nausea and vomiting are more common in IV-PCA group. We conclude that SC-PCA provide analgesia more effective and decreases side effects in patients undergo sectio cesarea with spinal anesthesia.
Programmed intermittent epidural bolus improves efficacy of patient controlled epidural analgesia in postoperative pain management Agung Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde; Gede Widnyana, I Made; Wiryana, Made; Mahaalit Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah; Surya Panji, Putu Agus; Soetjipto, Sonni; Putra Pradhana, Adinda
Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/bjoa.v1i2.14

Abstract

Background: Postoperative acute pain will have negative impacts if not handled properly so it must be treated effectively. Patient Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PCEA) allows the patient to have an active role in determining the need of analgesia personally. Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus (PIEB) is a new method which proven better than Continuous Epidural Infusion. Ropivacaine has similar characteristic to Bupivacaine but with minimal cardiotoxic effect. Fentanyl as an adjuvant can accelerate the onset of action of local anesthetics in epidural analgesia. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of PCEA+PIEB with PCEA as a modality of postoperative analgesia. Methods: Total 54 patients undergoing major surgery of the abdomen and lower extremities were divided into 2 groups randomly: PIEB+PCEA and PCEA. Then we did an evaluation of VAS, PCA demand, and total consumption of solution Ropivacaine 0.1% + Fentanyl 2  mcg/mL at 4 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours postoperative. Results: VAS at resting and at moving in both groups were found clinically comparable, although statistically, VAS at moving at 4 hours and 24 hours postoperative were lower in PCEA+PIEB group (p < 0.01). PCA attempted and PCA given were lower in PCEA+PIEB group (p ≤ 0.05). Total consumption of solution until 8 hours postoperative was comparable in both groups but at 24 hours postoperative it was much greater in PCEA+PIEB group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: PCEA+PIEB have greater efficacy than PCEA. VAS (at resting and at moving), PCA attempted, and PCA given were lower in PCEA+PIEB group. Total consumption of solution RopivacaineFentanyl until 8 hours postoperative was comparable, but at 24 hours postoperative it was much greater in PCEA+PIEB group. In orthopedic surgery, VAS at resting was obtained below 30 mm in PCEA+PIEB group but VAS at moving was obtained in the category of moderate pain in both groups.
Perioperative management of patient with hemophilia a underwent orthopedic surgery Senapathi, Tjokorda GA; Gede Widnyana, I Made; Mahaalit Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah; Ryalino, Christopher
Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/bjoa.v1i2.10

Abstract

Hemophilia presents challenging consideration for anesthesiologists. In non emergency cases it is essential that factor VIII is raised to its optimal activity prior to surgery. Intra operative bleeding is a fatal complication in hemophilia. Certain measurements must be taken under considerations to manage this case for anesthesia. Peripheral lines should be secured with utmost care. Intramuscular injections and arterial punctures must be avoided. Intubation and airway positioning should be done gently in deep plane anesthesia. Small vessels hemostatis must be taken care of by the surgeon. A multidisciplinary team has to be involved when patients with hemophilia are planned for surgery. The knowledge related to replacement therapy should be mastered not only by hematologist, but also by the whole team involved in patient management.
Central Venous Pressure Correlates with Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index in Patient Treated in Intensive Care Unit Wiryana, Made; Sinardja, I Ketut; Aryabiantara, I Wayan; GdeAgung Senapathi, Tjokorda; Gede Widnyana, I Made; Mahaalit Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah; Gede Utara Hartawan, I Gusti Agung; Parami, Pontisomaya; Perangin Angin, Emkel
Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/bjoa.v1i1.2

Abstract

Background: Intravascular volume status is an important parameter in monitoring the patients treated at intensive care unit (ICU), so accuracy and strict monitoring of fluid volume is one factor that influence patient’s health status. Amongst others, two ways to monitor body fluid volume status is central venous pressure (CVP) and collapsibility index of inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between CVP with the IVC collapsibility index in patients treated in ICU Sanglah Hospital in Denpasar. Method: Seventy patients treated at Sanglah Hospital ICU with already inserted CVC for appropriate indication, were measured for CVP, then followed by examination the diameter of IVC with ultrasound to measure the maximum and minimum collapsibility index. Spearman’s correlation coefficients was used to assess the correlation between CVP and collapsibility index of the IVC. Results: In 70 patients, we found a very strong negative correlation between CVP and IVC’s collapsibility index (Spearmans rho = -0.854; p <0.001). Conclusion: This study found that there is a very strong negative correlation between CVP and collapsibility index of IVC. This finding indicates that the collapsibility index of the IVC may substitute CVP in determining the status of the intravascular volume.
The effectiveness of Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) morphine-ketamine compared to Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) morphine to reduce total dose of morphine and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in postoperative laparotomy surgery Mahaalit Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah; Agung Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde; Wiryana, Made; Sinardja, I Ketut; Budiarta, I Gede; Gede Widnyana, I Made; Aryabiantara, I Wayan; Parami, Pontisomaya; Nyoman Kurniasari, Pande; Putra Pradhana, Adinda
Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/bjoa.v1i2.11

Abstract

Background: Laparotomy may cause moderate to severe after surgery pain, thus adequate pain management is needed. The addition of ketamine in patient controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine after surgery can be the option. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PCA morphine-ketamine compared to PCA morphine in patient postoperative laparotomy surgery to reduce total dose of morphine requirement and pain intensity evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS). Methods: This study was a double-blind RCT in 58 patients of ASA I and II, age 18-64 years, underwent an elective laparotomy at Sanglah General Hospital. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A, got addition of ketamine (1mg/ml) in PCA morphine (1mg/ml) and patients in group B received morphine (1mg/ml) by PCA. Prior to surgical incision both group were given a bolus ketamine 0,15mg/ kg and ketorolac 0,5mg/kg. The total dose of morphine and VAS were measured at 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Result: Total dose of morphine in the first 24 hours postoperatively at morphine-ketamine group (5,1±0,8mg) is lower than morphine only group (6,5±0,9mg) p<0,001. VAS (resting) 6 and 12 hour postoperative in morphine-ketamine group (13,4±4,8 mm) and (10,7±2,6 mm) are lower than morphine (17,9±4,1mm) p≤0,05 and (12,8±5,3mm) p≤0,05. VAS (moving) 6, 12, and 24 hour postoperative morphineketamine group (24,8±5,1mm), (18±5,6mm) and (9±5,6mm) are lower than morphine (28,7±5,2mm) p≤0,05, (23,1±6,0mm) p≤0,05, and (12,8±5,3mm) p≤0,05. Conclusions: Addition of ketamine in PCA morphine for postoperative laparotomy surgery reduces total morphine requirements in 24 hours compared to PCA morphine alone.
COMPARISON OF EPIDURAL CATHETER TIP PLACEMENT BETWEEN MEDIAN AND PARAMEDIAN TECHNIQUES WITH FLUOROSCOPY Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung; Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit; Ryalino, Christopher; Leton, Yohanes PT
Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Vol 2, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (188.09 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/bjoa.v2i3.99

Abstract

Introduction: The installation of an epidural catheter can be perform by median or paramedian techniques with the aim of position the epidural catheter tip being posterior to the epidural space. The goal of this study was to compare the location and position of the epidural catheter tip placed by the median technique compared to the paramedian technique by using fluoroscopy method.Patients and Methods: Fifty patients aged 18- 65 years who underwent lower abdominal surgery and lower extremities surgery are classified into two groups by consecutive sampling. The first group consists of those who were inserted epidural catheter by median technique approach, and the second group by paramedian technique approach. From the fluoroscopy imaging, the catheter position was classified into one the the following: anterior, posterior, and lateral. Result: In median approach, the epidural catheter tip were placed 16% anteriorly, 20% posteriorly, and 64% laterally. In the paramedian approach, the epidural catheter tip were placed 4% anteriorly and 96% posteriorly. The paramedian approach is more superior to median technique in terms of expected epidural catheter tip position (p <0.001, RR 4.8, CI95%=2.183-10.556). Conclusion: Placement of the catheter tip in the epidural space using paramedian technique is a better option than the median technique.
The correlation between the depth extent of Tuohy epidural needle with body mass index (BMI) to achieve loss of resistance in patients undergoing epidural anesthesia Hartawan, I Gusti Agung Gede Utara; Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung; Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit; Parami, Pontisomaya; Pradhana, Adinda Putra; Syamsuddin, Johanis Bosco Troy
Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Vol 3, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (172.208 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/bjoa.v3i1.119

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground: Anesthesia management in obesity is quite challenging. Epidural anesthesia become one of the choices. The attention should be addressed in order to prevent the misidentification of epidural space. The estimation of the depth extent of epidural space becomes crucial, especially in obese patients due to an accumulation of subcutaneous and epidural adipose tissue, which consequently complicate the epidural catheter insertion. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of the depth extent of Tuohy epidural needle to achieve loss of resistance between normal-weighted and obese patients.Method: This study was conducted with 56 adult patients aged 17 to 65 years who underwent elective surgery by epidural anesthesia inserted at level L2-L3 or L3-L4 interspace. Subjects are divided into normal and obese groups. Shapiro-Wilk and chi-square tests were used in the normality test. For normally distributed data, an independent t-test was used to test the hypothesis, otherwise, we used Mann-Whitney test  Results: The results showed that the loss of resistance in epidural needle insertion procedures was 60 mm in a patient with BMI more than 30 kg/m2 and 50 mm in those with BMI <30 kg/m2 (p<0.001).Conclusion: The loss of resistance depth in epidural Tuohy needle insertion is significantly determined by BMI. 
General anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia: an anesthesia technique option in modified radical mastectomy Sidemen, I Gusti Ayu Eka Para Santi; Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung; Widnyana, I Made Gede; Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit; Ryalino, Christopher
Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Vol 3: in press (2019)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/bjoa.v3i0.128

Abstract

The incidence of breast cancer has been increasing, and currently, it is the most common cancer in females. Surgery is the primary treatment, and the current tendency is toward less extensive procedure with axillary dissection for removal of lymph nodes to guide further treatment, in this case, the method called modified radical mastectomy (MRM).  The anesthetic technique for MRM should provide adequate intraoperative anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and postoperative analgesia without collateral effects, nausea, and vomiting with the minimum hospitalization time. In this report, we present a case of a woman who underwent MRM under general anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia.
Awake Intubation Fiberoptic Bronchoscope on Pregnancy Patient Undergo Decompression Laminectomy and Cervical Fusion Stabilization Saputra, Darmawan Jaya; Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung; Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit; Ryalino, Christopher
Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Vol 3, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (160.816 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/bjoa.v3i2.185

Abstract

The traumatic and ankylosing cervical spine being rare in pregnancy can cause serious problems continuing pregnancy. Extensive neurological involvement which is rapidly progressive due to compression should be considered for immediate decompression. We present a case of a patient in the 19th weeks with diagnosis C5 compression fracture and paracervical abscess C5 et causa suspect TB spondylosis, complaints with paralysis in all four limbs. Surgical intervention was deemed necessary and was performed in the prone position. The early operative treatment and appropriate anaesthetic procedure resulted in good clinical outcome with improvement of neurological recovery.
Cost Minimization Analysis of Hypnotic Drug: Target Controlled Inhalation Anesthesia (TCIA) Sevoflurane and Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) Propofol Wiryana, Made; Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit; Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung; Widnyana, I Made Gede; Hartawan, I Gusti Agung Gede Utara; Sucandra, Made Agus Kresna; Parami, Pontisomaya; Putra, Kadek Agus Heryana; Sutawan, IB Krisna Jaya; Arimbawa, IGNA Putra; Jaya, Ketut Semara; Semarawima, Gede
BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol 5 No 3 (2016)
Publisher : BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (379.823 KB)

Abstract

Background: Cost minimization analysis is a pharmaco-economic study used to compare two or more health interventions that have been shown to have the same effect, similar or equivalent. With limited health insurance budget from the Indonesian National Social Security System implementation in 2015, the quality control and the drug cost are two important things that need to be focused. The application of pharmaco-economic study results in the selection and use of drugs more effectively and efficiently. Objective: To determine cost minimization analysis of hypnotic drug between a target controlled inhalation anesthesia (TCIA) sevoflurane and a target controlled infusion (TCI) propofol in patients underwent a major oncologic surgery in Sanglah General Hospital. Methods: Sixty ASA physical status I-II patients underwent major oncologic surgery were divided into two groups. Group A was using TCIA sevoflurane and group B using TCI propofol. Bispectral index monitor (BIS index) was used to evaluate the depth of anesthesia. The statistical tests used are the Shapiro-Wilk test, Lavene test, Mann- Whitney U test and unpaired t-test (? = 0.05). The data analysis used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows. Results: In this study, the rate of drug used per unit time in group A was 0.12 ml sevoflurane per minute (± 0.03) and the group B was 7.25 mg propofol per minute (±0.98). Total cost of hypnotic drug in group A was IDR598.43 (IQR 112.47) per minute, in group B was IDR703.27 (IQR 156.73) per minute (p>0.05). Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference from the analysis of the drug cost minimization hypnotic drug in a major oncologic surgery using TCIA sevoflurane and TCI propofol.
Co-Authors Adinda Putra Pradhana Christopher Ryalino Doddy Setiawan Elisma Nainggolan, Elisma Emkel Perangin Angin, Emkel Gede Semarawima, Gede I Gede Budiarta I Gusti Agung Gede Utara Hartawan I Ketut Sinardja I Made Gede Widnyana I Putu Agus Surya Panji I Wayan Aryabiantara, I Wayan I Wayan Suranadi Ida Bagus Krisna Jaya Sutawan IGNA Putra Arimbawa, IGNA Putra Kadek Agus Heryana Putra, Kadek Agus Ketut Semara Jaya, Ketut Semara Komang Ady Widayana Komang Alit Artha Wiguna Komang Alit Artha Wiguna Leton, Yohanes PT Made Agus Kresna Sucandra, Made Agus Kresna Made Wiryana Ni Made Ayu Candrayuni Pande Nyoman Kurniasari, Pande Pontisomaya Parami Saputra, Darmawan Jaya Sidemen, I Gusti Ayu Eka Para Santi Siska Permanasari Sinardja Sonni Soetjipto, Sonni Syamsuddin, Johanis Bosco Troy Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi