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EKSTRAKSI ZAT WARNA DARI KLUWEK (Pangium edule Reinw) MENGGUNAKAN BERBAGAI PELARUT Warnasih, Siti; Hasanah, Uswatun
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Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan ilmu pengetahuan Alam. Universitas Pakuan.

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Natural brown color of kluwek is fermented from picung seeds that can be isolated to replace synthetic brown dyes. Natural brown color is come from the Tannin, in which can be obtained by the solvent extraction process. This study aims to determine the best solvent in extracting natural brown color from kluwek using the maceration method based on the maximum absorption of the extract produced. This research consisted of making of simplicia, measurement water content from fresh kluwek and dry simplicia, extraction using 4 types of solvents (water, ethanol, acetone, and hexane), phytochemical extraction, and identification using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the yield of kluwek extract with water solvent was 19.42%, ethanol 19.68%, acetone 40,51%, and hexane 45,42% with the color of extract consecutively dark brown, brown, dark yellow, and light yellow. Positive results containing tannins and flavonoid are shown from extraction with water and ethanol, while acetone and hexane extracts were negative. All extracts produce absorption of maximum wavelength at 200-400 nm which containing tannin-rich compounds (proanthocyanidins tannin) or condensed tannins are tannin flavonoids.Key words: kluwek, maceration, tannin, dyes

ISOLASI PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) DARI DARAH MANUSIA SEHAT DENGAN METODE SENTRIFUGASI GRADIEN FICOLL Warnasih, Siti; Yulia, W; Artika, I. M; Sasmono, R. T.
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Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan ilmu pengetahuan Alam. Universitas Pakuan.

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Peripheral blood sel mononuclear cell (PBMC) is a white blood cell that can be isolated using the gradient centrifugation method. Ficoll is a reactant which can be used in this method because it produce a high viability i.e. 97.1% ± 1.0%. This research aims to isolate PBMC from healthy human blood. PBMC’s result is used for analysis of dengue virus immune response.Dengue viruses infect PBMC, so going on the secretion of cytokine which is one marker of severity of dengue disease. Expression of cytokines can be measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Venous blood from healthy human is takenaseptically using anticoagulants heparin, then PBMC is isolated with ficoll gradient centrifugation method to produce buffy coat that contain PBMC. Viability of PBMC is calculated using hemositometer with the help of a microscope.Based on the results obtained by PBMC isolation per mL of venous blood that is 2, 08x106 up to 2, 61x106 with an average of 2, i.e. 31x106 withviabilityof 95-99%. These results indicate that this method is quite effective in isolating PBMC from healthy human blood.Keyword : blood, ficoll, centrifugasigradien, PBMCs

PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND TANNIN STABILITY TEST FROM KLUWEK (Pangium edule Reinw) Warnasih, Siti; Hasanah, Uswatun
Journal of Science Innovare Vol 1, No 02 (2018): Journal of Science Innovare, September 2018
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

One of the herbs that can be used as a source of natural dye is the kluwek which is brown. This study aims to determine the type of secondary metabolite compounds producing color, and to determine the stability of tannin in various conditions such as pH, oxidizing, UV rays, heating temperature, and storage using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. This research includes preparation of kluwek, extraction with acetone:water (7:3) with maceration method, phytochemical test (tannin, flavonoid, carotenoid, and anthocyanin) and total tannins, and tannin stability test on various pH, oxidizing, UV rays, temperature and duration of heating, and storage using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The results obtained are kluwek extract containing tannin, flavonoid, carotenoid, and anthocyanin compounds, and total tannins 2.80%. Based on the tannin content, kluwek extract stable at pH 6-7, heating 60-80 oC, and storage up to 9 days at temperature 27 °C, and kluwek extract unstable when contact with 1% H2O2, UV light, and if kept at cold temperature (10 ˚C).

Induksi Ekspresi Gen Sitokin/Kemokin pada Sel Makrofag Manusia yang Dipapar Virus Dengue Isolat Indonesia Siti Warnasih
Current Biochemistry Vol. 1 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : IPB University

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Dengue is one of the world's most important arbovirus disease. Dengue pathogenesis has not been yet fully understood. It has been reported that there is involvement of the host immune factors and viral factors. Several studies have shown that concentrations of cytokines/chemokines on blood are significantly increased during infection and viral factors are also involved in disease severity. Therefore, characterization of host gene expression profiles in response to dengue virus infection of different serotypes could provide input for understanding the pathogenesis of dengue. The purpose of this research was to determine expression profiles of the genes (mRNA) of cytokines/chemokines as immune response that are released by monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) cells (host gene) exposed dengue viruses. Four dengue serotypes of Indonesia isolate were used in this study. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood cells of healthy donors by Ficoll gradient centrifugation techniques and then differentiated into MDM cells. Quantitative real time RT-PCR was used to quantify expression levels of cytokine/chemokine-encoding genes from MDM cells infected dengue. Four cytokine/chemokine-encoding genes i.e IP-10, MCP-1, IL-10, and MIP-1β known involved in dengue pathogenesis. Measurement of the expression levels of cytokines/ chemokines showed that the dengue virus of serotypes DENV-1 and DENV-3 caused an increase in the expression of genes encoding cytokine IL-10 and chemokine IP-10 is higher than other serotypes. Further research is needed to better determine the pathogenesis of dengue disease.

Potency of Ethanol Extracts of Palm Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as Antidiabetic with Inhibition Kinetics Parameter Lisa Giovanny; Faliha Arinda Lestari; Nurul Marfira; Laksmi Ambarsari; Siti Warnasih
Current Biochemistry Vol. 6 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/cb.6.2.1

Dates seeds are one of the byproducts of the date palm juice industry which has the potential for further processing. Dates seeds contain active compounds that are known to have ability to inhibit αglucosidase. This study aims to measure the activity of 70% ethanol extract and the fraction of date palm seeds with a mechanism in inhibiting αglucosidase. The measurement of inhibitory activity was carried out by extracting date palm seeds using 70% water and ethanol. The extraction product is then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Then the total phenolic and flavonoid calculations were calculated for each extract and fraction. Measurement of α-glucosidase inhibition activity was measured based on reaction of substrate to enzyme by the addition of inhibitors. The results showed that the ethanolextract had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid, which were 76.86 mg GAE / g and 21.19 mg QE / g, respectively. n-hexane fraction have the best inhibitory activity seen from the IC50 value, which is 12.69 mg/L. The kinetics of inhibition of 70% ethanol extract of date palm seeds are mixed inhibition. Keywords: α-glucosidase, date seeds, flavonoids, kinetic inhibition, phenolics

Chemical Characteristics, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenol, and Caffeine Contents in Coffee of Date Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) of Red Sayer Variety Siti Warnasih; Ade Heri Mulyati; Diana Widiastuti; Zuniar Subastian; Laksmi Ambarsari; Purwantiningsih Sugita
The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Edition May-August 2019
Publisher : Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.02.475

Red Sayer is one of the date varieties from the United Arab Emirates. This variety is one type of dates that is imported into Indonesia and used as processed date palm juice producing waste, namely date seeds. Date seeds can be made into some coffee that is rich in antioxidants and does not contain caffeine. The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, total phenol, and caffeine contents in coffee of the Red Sayer variety date seeds. Coffee of date seeds is made into powder and then analyzed for its contents of water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates and total sugar, besides its antioxidant activity, total phenol, and caffeine levels. The results of the analysis obtained are, as follows: 4.42±0.01% water, 1.17±0.04% ash, 8.55±0.64% protein, 7.34±0.07% fat, 78.52±0.76% carbohydrate, 16.39±0.01% total sugar, 23.81±0.22 μg/mL antioxidant activity (IC50) and 340.65±1.53 mg GAE / 100g total phenol, while caffeine is not detected. Red Sayer date seed coffee, therefore, can be a source of carbohydrates and natural antioxidants that does not contain caffeine.

PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND TANNIN STABILITY TEST FROM KLUWEK (Pangium edule Reinw) Siti Warnasih; Uswatun Hasanah
Journal of Science Innovare Vol 1, No 02 (2018): Journal of Science Innovare, September 2018
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

One of the herbs that can be used as a source of natural dye is the kluwek which is brown. This study aims to determine the type of secondary metabolite compounds producing color, and to determine the stability of tannin in various conditions such as pH, oxidizing, UV rays, heating temperature, and storage using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. This research includes preparation of kluwek, extraction with acetone:water (7:3) with maceration method, phytochemical test (tannin, flavonoid, carotenoid, and anthocyanin) and total tannins, and tannin stability test on various pH, oxidizing, UV rays, temperature and duration of heating, and storage using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The results obtained are kluwek extract containing tannin, flavonoid, carotenoid, and anthocyanin compounds, and total tannins 2.80%. Based on the tannin content, kluwek extract stable at pH 6-7, heating 60-80 oC, and storage up to 9 days at temperature 27 C, and kluwek extract unstable when contact with 1% H2O2, UV light, and if kept at cold temperature (10 ?C).

DEVELOPMENT OF COD (CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND) ANALYSIS METHOD IN WASTE WATER USING UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER Uswatun Hasanah; Ade Heri Mulyati; Sutanto .; Diana Widiastuti; Siti Warnasih; Yulian Syahputri; Tri Panji
Journal of Science Innovare Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Journal of Science Innovare
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/jsi.v3i2.3007

The COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) analysis method based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) is a revision of SNI 06-6989.2-2004, Water and wastewater - Part 2: Method of testing for chemical oxygen demand (COD) with closed reflux spectrophotometrically. This SNI uses references from international standard methods, namely Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Edition, editor of LS Clesceri, AE Greenberg, AD Eaton, APHA, AWWA and WEF, Washington DC, 2005, Methods 5220 D (Closed Reflux, Colorimetric Methods). The purpose of this study was to validate the total method for testing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in water and wastewater with the reduction of Cr2O7 2- spectrophotometrically in the range of COD values of 100 mg / L to 900 mg / L measurements were made at a wavelength of 600 nm. and COD values less than or equal to 90 mg / L measurements were made at a wavelength of 420 nm. The results showed that the method SNI 06-6898.2- 2009 has good validation results including the r results obtained from the calibration curve equation of 0.998, a precision of 1.82%, an accuracy of 98.25% and LOD and LOQ of 12.27 mg / L and 25, 61 mg / L.

DEVELOPMENT OF COD (CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND) ANALYSIS METHOD IN WASTE WATER USING SPECTRODIRECT Ade Heri Mulyati; Leny Heliawati; Sutanto .; Uswatun Hasanah; Diana Widiastuti; Siti Warnasih; Yulian Syahputri
Journal of Science Innovare Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Journal of Science Innovare
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/jsi.v3i2.3006

Increased human activities will cause various problems, one of which is water pollution in water sources because it receives a pollution load that exceeds its carrying capacity. In the context of environmental conservation, the government has set quality standards for liquid waste produced by various industries and other activities in a Decree of the State Minister for the Environment. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) is one of the most important parameters in wastewater quality standards. This study aims to validate the COD analysis method which refers to COD Thermoreactor System (LOVIBOND brand) at Pakuan University Service Laboratory, to ensure the validity of COD analysis results at Pakuan University Service Laboratory. Spectrodirect COD analysis method provides results that meet the requirements of accuracy, precision, LOD, and LOQ which is quite good. The results of the Coefficient of Variation give good results with a value of 1.8841% indicating the accuracy of the analysis method is good. The accuracy parameter also gives good results and meets the requirements with a% recovery value of 98.70351%. Overall, it can be stated that the spectrodirect analysis method tested is an accurate, precise, simple, and economical method for determining COD levels

EKSTRAKSI ZAT WARNA DARI KLUWEK (Pangium edule Reinw) MENGGUNAKAN BERBAGAI PELARUT Siti Warnasih; Uswatun Hasanah
EKOLOGIA Vol 18, No 1 (2018): EKOLOGIA: JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU DASAR DAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Natural brown color of kluwek is fermented from picung seeds that can be isolated to replace synthetic brown dyes. Natural brown color is come from the Tannin, in which can be obtained by the solvent extraction process. This study aims to determine the best solvent in extracting natural brown color from kluwek using the maceration method based on the maximum absorption of the extract produced. This research consisted of making of simplicia, measurement water content from fresh kluwek and dry simplicia, extraction using 4 types of solvents (water, ethanol, acetone, and hexane), phytochemical extraction, and identification using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the yield of kluwek extract with water solvent was 19.42%, ethanol 19.68%, acetone 40,51%, and hexane 45,42% with the color of extract consecutively dark brown, brown, dark yellow, and light yellow. Positive results containing tannins and flavonoid are shown from extraction with water and ethanol, while acetone and hexane extracts were negative. All extracts produce absorption of maximum wavelength at 200-400 nm which containing tannin-rich compounds (proanthocyanidins tannin) or condensed tannins are tannin flavonoids.Key words: kluwek, maceration, tannin, dyes

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