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Estimated Emplacement Temperatures for a Pyroclastic Deposits from the Sundoro Volcano, Indonesia, using Charcoal Reflectance Analyses Harijoko, Agung; Ayu Safira Mariska, Nanda; Anggara, Ferian
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.5.1.1-11This study applies the charcoalification measurement method to infer the emplacement temperature of pyroclastic flow deposits erupted from the Sundoro Volcano, Indonesia. This pyroclastic flow partially covered the Liyangan archeological site, a site where Hindu temples were constructed approximately 1,000 years ago. Five samples of charcoal collected from this area were analyzed for reflectance and elemental composition. Charcoalification temperatures were determined based on mean random optical reflectance values (Ro) plotted on published Ro-Temperature curves. Charcoalification temperatures were also estimated using a published formula based on the charcoal’s hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio. These two methods for determining pyroclastic flow deposition temperatures indicated that the pyroclastic deposits that entombed the Liyangan archeological site ranged from 295° to 487°C when they were deposited. This study used very simple, rapid, precise, and low-cost methods of charcoalification temperature measurement to infer the emplacement temperature of a pyroclastic deposit. This estimation procedure could be applied widely to predict emplacement temperatures in volcanic area in Indonesia to enhance volcanic hazard mitigation.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN GENESA PENGAYAAN UNSUR-UNSUR TANAH JARANG PADA BATUBARA LAPANGAN BATUBARA MUARA TIGA BESAR UTARA, TANJUNG ENIM, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA SELATAN Anggara, Ferian; Cikasimi, Mutiara; Rahmat, Basuki; Wibisono, Sigit Arso; Susilawati, Rita
Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi Vol. 14 No. 3 (2019): Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi
Publisher : Pusat Sumber Daya Mineral Batubara dan Panas Bumi

Batubara telah menjadi salah satu sumber alternatif unsur-unsur tanah jarang (UTJ) seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan terhadap kebutuhan unsur-unsur tersebut. Kondisi geologis spesifik menyebabkan pengayaan konsentrasi UTJ pada batubara. Keterdapatan lapisan tipis material vulkanik (tonstein) pada Lapangan Batubara Muara Tiga Besar Utara, Formasi Muara Enim, Cekungan Sumatera Selatan menjadi salah satu indikasi terdapatnya pengayaan UTJ. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode petrografi sayatan poles, analisis-analisis X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), proksimat, dan geokimia; Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass/Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-MS/AES). Analisis geokimia menunjukkan pola distribusi UTJ didominasi oleh tipe UTJ Berat (Heavy Rare Earth Elements, HREE). Plot diagram nilai Coutl dan REOash menunjukkan prospek pengayaan UTJ termasuk ke dalam daerah prospek. Pola distribusi UTJ dan anomali redox sensitive dan redox non-sensitive menunjukkan tipe genetik pengayaan UTJ adalah tufaan. Pengayaan UTJ terjadi oleh proses pencucian alkaline tonstein yang terendapkan pada fase penggambutan dalam pembentukan batubara.

Estimated Emplacement Temperatures for a Pyroclastic Deposits from the Sundoro Volcano, Indonesia, using Charcoal Reflectance Analyses Harijoko, Agung; Ayu Safira Mariska, Nanda; Anggara, Ferian
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.5.1.1-11This study applies the charcoalification measurement method to infer the emplacement temperature of pyroclastic flow deposits erupted from the Sundoro Volcano, Indonesia. This pyroclastic flow partially covered the Liyangan archeological site, a site where Hindu temples were constructed approximately 1,000 years ago. Five samples of charcoal collected from this area were analyzed for reflectance and elemental composition. Charcoalification temperatures were determined based on mean random optical reflectance values (Ro) plotted on published Ro-Temperature curves. Charcoalification temperatures were also estimated using a published formula based on the charcoalâ€™s hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio. These two methods for determining pyroclastic flow deposition temperatures indicated that the pyroclastic deposits that entombed the Liyangan archeological site ranged from 295Â° to 487Â°C when they were deposited. This study used very simple, rapid, precise, and low-cost methods of charcoalification temperature measurement to infer the emplacement temperature of a pyroclastic deposit. This estimation procedure could be applied widely to predict emplacement temperatures in volcanic area in Indonesia to enhance volcanic hazard mitigation.

Syn-sedimentary Mafic Volcanics in the Eocene Coal-bearing Tanjung Formation, Senakin Peninsula, South Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia Moore, Tim Allen; Friederich, Mike C.; Trofimovs, Jessica; Anggara, Ferian; Amijaya, D. Hendra
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 7, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI:10.17014/ijog.7.1.65-85Syn-sedimentary mafic volcanism has been identified within a rift setting (Eocene Tanjung Formation) in the Senakin Peninsula, southeast Kalimantan. Fine-grained, dark-grey basalt lava occurs and has prominent vertically oriented columnar jointing. Petrographically, the basalt is composed of small euhedral pyroxene, olivine, and lath-shaped plagioclase phenocrysts within a very fine-grained dark coloured groundmass. A volcaniclastic unit also occurs and in outcrop has sharp contacts with underlying and overlying sedimentary mudstone. The unit is composed of cm-scale clasts of fine-grained to glassy textured basalt with vesicles of varying size and abundance. Euhedral pyroxene phenocrysts are observed within the clasts, although some with overprinting alteration. Palagonite alteration on the margins of some clasts is noted and is indicative of mafic composition volcanic material that has come into contact with sea water. Presence of bivalve and coral fragments in sandstone and mudstone underlying the volcaniclastic unit indicates emplacement into a marine environment. Core description from 33 locations over an 18 km transect length show that both the basalt and volcaniclastic sediments are extensive throughout the east Senakin area. Lithological relationships and compositional similarities between the basalt and volcaniclastic sediment suggest they are related and were contemporaneous with sedimentation within the Tanjung Formation. It is proposed that the basalt unit is designated the Tanah Rata Basalt Member of the Tanjung Formation. If a wider distribution occurs for the volcaniclastic unit it is proposed that it is termed the Gumbil Volcaniclastic Member of the Tanjung Formation.

Estimated Emplacement Temperatures for a Pyroclastic Deposits from the Sundoro Volcano, Indonesia, using Charcoal Reflectance Analyses Harijoko, Agung; Ayu Safira Mariska, Nanda; Anggara, Ferian
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.5.1.1-11

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.5.1.1-11This study applies the charcoalification measurement method to infer the emplacement temperature of pyroclastic flow deposits erupted from the Sundoro Volcano, Indonesia. This pyroclastic flow partially covered the Liyangan archeological site, a site where Hindu temples were constructed approximately 1,000 years ago. Five samples of charcoal collected from this area were analyzed for reflectance and elemental composition. Charcoalification temperatures were determined based on mean random optical reflectance values (Ro) plotted on published Ro-Temperature curves. Charcoalification temperatures were also estimated using a published formula based on the charcoalâ€™s hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio. These two methods for determining pyroclastic flow deposition temperatures indicated that the pyroclastic deposits that entombed the Liyangan archeological site ranged from 295Â° to 487Â°C when they were deposited. This study used very simple, rapid, precise, and low-cost methods of charcoalification temperature measurement to infer the emplacement temperature of a pyroclastic deposit. This estimation procedure could be applied widely to predict emplacement temperatures in volcanic area in Indonesia to enhance volcanic hazard mitigation.

Syn-sedimentary Mafic Volcanics in the Eocene Coal-bearing Tanjung Formation, Senakin Peninsula, South Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia Moore, Tim Allen; Friederich, Mike C.; Trofimovs, Jessica; Anggara, Ferian; Amijaya, D. Hendra
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 7, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.7.1.65-85

DOI:10.17014/ijog.7.1.65-85Syn-sedimentary mafic volcanism has been identified within a rift setting (Eocene Tanjung Formation) in the Senakin Peninsula, southeast Kalimantan. Fine-grained, dark-grey basalt lava occurs and has prominent vertically oriented columnar jointing. Petrographically, the basalt is composed of small euhedral pyroxene, olivine, and lath-shaped plagioclase phenocrysts within a very fine-grained dark coloured groundmass. A volcaniclastic unit also occurs and in outcrop has sharp contacts with underlying and overlying sedimentary mudstone. The unit is composed of cm-scale clasts of fine-grained to glassy textured basalt with vesicles of varying size and abundance. Euhedral pyroxene phenocrysts are observed within the clasts, although some with overprinting alteration. Palagonite alteration on the margins of some clasts is noted and is indicative of mafic composition volcanic material that has come into contact with sea water. Presence of bivalve and coral fragments in sandstone and mudstone underlying the volcaniclastic unit indicates emplacement into a marine environment. Core description from 33 locations over an 18 km transect length show that both the basalt and volcaniclastic sediments are extensive throughout the east Senakin area. Lithological relationships and compositional similarities between the basalt and volcaniclastic sediment suggest they are related and were contemporaneous with sedimentation within the Tanjung Formation. It is proposed that the basalt unit is designated the Tanah Rata Basalt Member of the Tanjung Formation. If a wider distribution occurs for the volcaniclastic unit it is proposed that it is termed the Gumbil Volcaniclastic Member of the Tanjung Formation.

Preliminary Study of Rare Earth Element and Yttrium (REY) Content of Coal In Sangatta Coalfield, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Anggara, Ferian; T.B.M. Petrus, Himawan; Patria, Aulia Agus; Bangun, Aya Shika
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 7, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.7.3.305-314

DOI:10.17014/ijog.7.3.305-314Kutai Basin is known as one of the most prolific sedimentary coal basins in Indonesia. Coal-bearing sequence in Kutai Basin is mainly Miocene to Eocene in age in which the coal seams are mostly in Miocene strata. Researchers have found that REY concentration in some coals and coal ashes are equal to or higher than that of the conventional deposit, as such coal deposit has become an important source for REY. Moreover, REY recovery as by-product from coal deposits could alleviate the â€œdirtyâ€ into â€œcleanâ€ coal energy. Referring to this shifted paradigm, a study on REY in Indonesian coal has put interest not only for researchers, but also for all stakeholders in this country. In this particular study, Sangatta coalfield in East Kalimantan was chosen as the area to observe the REY concentration. This area has been set due to its interesting geological setting, especially Pinang Dome that might have coal deposit with enriched REY. For the analyzed samples, drill cores were collected and then observed closely using polished section, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Based on the collected data, the highest REY concentration in coal deposit is located in the nearest part of the Pinang Dome. The REY content in coal deposit is associated with hydrothermal fluids and sediment source. These data suggest that there is a significant effect on Pinang Dome in the REY content in the coal deposit.

PENGARUH KANDUNGAN ABU DAN ZAT TERBANG TERHADAP MAKSIMUM FLUIDITAS BATUBARA FORMASI TANJUNG DI DAERAH SEKAKO, KALIMANTAN TENGAH: THE INFLUENCE OF ASH AND VOLATILE MATTER CONTENTS ON MAXIMUM FLUIDITY OF TANJUNG FORMATION COAL IN SEKAKO AREA, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN PROVINCE Wiranata, Beny; Amijaya, Hendra; Anggara, Ferian; Tanggara, Deddy N.S.P.
Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020): Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi
Publisher : Pusat Sumber Daya Mineral Batubara dan Panas Bumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47599/bsdg.v15i2.242

High to low volatile bituminous coals of Tanjung Formation in Central Kalimantan Province is known to be potentially used as a metallurgical or coking coal. Coal maximum fluidity is one important parameter which is strongly connected to the quality of the coke produced. This study aims to determine the relationship between coal maximum fluidity and its volatile matter and ash content. Four coal from A seam and 6 coal from B seam of Tanjung Formation in Sekako area were sampled using a ply by ply channel sampling method. Samples are dominated by bright coal and banded bright coals lithotype. All coal samples are subjected to proximate and Gieseler plastometer analysis in the laboratory. The coal samples Laboratory results show that coal in the study area have ash content ranging from 2,79 to 9,05 (wt%, adb), volatile matter contents varies from 35,14 to 39,50 (wt%, adb) and coals maximum fluidity varies from 22263 to 49029 (ddpm). Further data evaluation indicates that in the study area, coal ash content are negatively correlated (r= -0.656, R2= 0.431) and had no significant effect on the maximum of coal fluidity (r = -0,656, R2 = -0,431 and sig. 0,055 > 0,05). On the other hand, coal volatile matter are positively correlated (r = 0.794; R2 = 0.6301) and had a significant effect (sig. 0.003 <0.05) on the maximum fluidity of coal. The increase of ash content causes the decrease of coal maximum fluidity, whereas the increase of coal volatile matter causes the increase of coal maximum fluidity. The correlation of volatile matter content and coal maximum fluidity can be expressed by an equation of y = 6327,9x - 200248.

KARAKTERISTIK BATUBARA TERPENGARUH INTRUSI DI TAMBANG AIR LAYA, SUMATRA SELATAN DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI MATERIAL UNTUK PEMBUATAN GRAFIT SINTETIS: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT-AFFECTED COAL IN AIR LAYA MINE, SOUTH SUMATRA AND ITS POTENTIAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE Arsha Maulana; Ferian Anggara
Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi Vol. 15 No. 3 (2020): Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi
Publisher : Pusat Sumber Daya Mineral Batubara dan Panas Bumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47599/bsdg.v15i3.310

Graphite can be applied in various uses for example as a heat resistant materials, batteries, and electrodes. Graphite material can be obtained from synthetic graphite which produced from anthracite coal that is heated at 2000ÂºC or above. Naturally heat affected coal can be found in Tambang Air Laya (TAL), Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra where the coal is affected by the presence of igneous intrusion. According to these conditions, it is important to conduct the research to determine the characteristics of heat affected coal and its potential as an alternative source of synthetic graphite. Four samples of heat affected coal obtained from four seams with varying distances to the body of igneous intrusion are prepared for several analyses, namely petrographic, random vitrinite reflectance (Rvr), proximate, X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Total Carbon (TC), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and Total Inorganic Carbon (TIC), as well as micro-Raman spectroscopy. The heat affected coal shows the tendency of increasing vitrinite reflectance and fixed carbon content and decreasing moisture and volatile matter towards the igneous intrusion body. The heat affected coal (A1 Coal) with the closest distance to the igneous intrusion body has the highest rank (low volatile bituminous coal; %Ro= 2,01%) and mineral percentage. A1 Coal is associated with mineral lempung such as illite, smectite, and rektorit that can increase the degree of crystalinity in the process of coalification and that would catalyze the formation of synthetic graphite in the next process.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA KARAKTERISASI DAN POTENSI PEMANFAATAN FLY ASH DAN BOTTOM ASH (FABA): REVIEW ON CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION POTENTIAL OF FLY ASH AND BOTTOM ASH (FABA) Ferian Anggara; Himawan T.B.M Petrus; Dea Anisa Ayu Besari; Hotden Manurung; Febry Yulindra Abdi Saputra
Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi Vol. 16 No. 1 (2021): Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi
Publisher : Pusat Sumber Daya Mineral Batubara dan Panas Bumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47599/bsdg.v16i1.320

Fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) is defined as waste residu that is produced from coal combustion process in electric power plant. Its production will increase due to high demand of electric energy. It commonly consists of silica, alumina, ferric oxide, and others oxide. Coal ash is also an economically promising resource for extraction of several valuable elements, including Ge, Ga, rare earth elements and yttrium (REY), Nb, Zr, V, Re, Au, Ag, and base metals such as Al. Physical and chemical characteristics of FABA are important because it will affect their option of re-use and disposal method. Other potential utilization for FABA was involved geotechnical applications such as geopolymer material. Cenospheres are one of the most valuable materials found in FABA. To increase the potential use of FABA, many separation techniques have been developed to extract the value-added components, including: cenospheres, valuable metal and trace elements such as rare earth element and yttrium (REY), also the unburned carbon.

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