Oktivana, Davina
Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Book Review: Marine Protected Areas in International Law: an Arctic Perspective Oktivana, Davina
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 4, No 2 (2017): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Marine biodiversity has always become an interesting topic in the development of the law of the sea subject. Despite of human dependence on marine resources, human intervention has been proven as the major threats to the sustainability of marine biodiversity and marine environment protection. Human activities, such an over-exploitation, shipping pollution, the use endangered fishing tools and above all, climate change, have changes the ecosystems extensively. One of the significant measures to prevent broaden the catastrophe is the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), which has been accepted as a tool for protection and conservation of marine biodiversity. The book provides a comprehensive observation and analysis of the MPAs concept and its implementation, specifically in the Arctic. This book is based on Ingvild Ulrikke Jakobsens PhD thesis at the University of Tromsø, Norwegia. Her concerned particularly based on the development of human activities in the Arctic, that will definitely affect the fragile marine environment and there is an increasing need to ensure environmental protection and conservation of marine biodiversity and ecosystems in Arctic.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n2.a11
Urgensi Revisi Undang-Undang Landas Kontinen Indonesia Oktivana, Davina
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 3, No 2 (2016): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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Pengaturan mengenai landas kontinen di Indonesia khususnya dalam menentukan batas terluar landas kontinen masih mengacu pada ketentuan Konvensi Jenewa tentang Landas Kontinen tahun 1958, yaitu menggunakan kriteria kedalaman dan kemampuan dalam melakukan eksploitasi. Sementara Indonesia telah meratifikasi Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982, dimana kriteria dalam menentukan batas terluar landas kontinen berdasarkan konvensi ini dinilai lebih menguntungkan bagi negara pantai. Keuntungan yang dimaksud adalah penggunaan kriteria topografi dasar laut dan diperbolehkannya negara pantai mengajukan perpanjangan landas kontinen. Indonesia telah mengajukan submisi perpanjangan landas kontinen yang berlokasi di barat laut Sumatera pada tahun 2008 dan disetujui oleh Komisi Batas-Batas Landas Kontinen PBB pada tahun 2010, dan saat ini sedang mempersiapkan submisi perpanjangan landas kontinen lainnya di utara Papua dan selatan Nusa Tenggara. Adanya perkembangan dan praktik tersebut tidak diikuti dengan perubahan UU Landas Kontinen Indonesia yang seharusnya mengacu pada kriteria yang lebih relevan berdasarkan Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982. Revisi UU Landas Kontinen menjadi penting karena telah mengarah pada ketidakpastian dan pertentangan dalam hukum positif di Indonesia.The Urgency of Indonesian Continental Shelf Act Revision AbstractThe definition of the outer limit of the continental shelf in Indonesian Continental Shelf Act is still referring to the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, which applied the criteria of depth and the ability to exploit. On the other hand, Indonesia has ratified the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea, where the criteria in determining the outer limit of the continental shelf is considered more advantageous to coastal states, for instance, the application of seabed topography criteria and the admissible of coastal states to propose an extension of the continental shelf. Indonesia has submitted an extended continental shelf located in the northwest of Sumatra in 2008 and had been approved by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf of the UN in 2010, and currently preparing another submission located in the northern Papua and southern Nusa Tenggara. Notwithstanding the development and Indonesia’s practice, these situations are not followed by adjusting the Indonesian Continental Shelf Act. Thus, the urgency of revision of Indonesia’s Continental Shelf Act is necessary, due to uncertainty and contradistinction in Indonesia’s positive law.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v3n2.a3
Arrest and Detention of ‘Boat People’ in Indonesia Territory Water Oktivana, Davina
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol 1, No 1 (2017): PJIL Volume 1, Number 1, January 2017
Publisher : Padjadjaran Journal of International Law

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AbstractAs a Coastal State, Indonesia has full sovereignty to implement its national regulations to prevent illegal fishing in their territorial waters. One example of prevention effort can be pointed out by the arrest and detention of hundreds of ‘boat people’ while they were conducting illegal fishing in Derawan Islands territory waters, East Kalimantan. They did transshipment and their fishing methods were prohibited regarding to Indonesian regulations. The issue of illegal fishing will be analyzed in regard to international law and as a part of the enforcement of Coastal State sovereignty. ‘Boat people’ refer to a group of people who spend most of their life and do all their activities in a boat, within the territorial waters of Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines. The ‘boat people’ issues would be determined from two conceptions. The first one would be nationality issue. Most of the ‘boat people’ were proven to be stateless while few of them have been identified as citizen of Philippines. Indonesia and Malaysia authorities denied and did not recognize them as part of their nationality. It was contrary from what ‘boat people’ were claiming that they were originally from Semporna, Malaysia. Indonesia itself considered ‘boat people’ as a foreign fishers. There will be diverse approaches in dealing with those who hold a nationality and those who do not. The second conception would be concerning to the terminology of ‘traditional fishers’ and ‘traditional fishing rights’ based on international law and national regulation, and how state practices implement it. Furthermore, there would be comparison of international practices related to traditional fishing rights based on international law. Keywords: ‘boat people’, illegal fishing, nationality, stateless person, traditional fishing rights.Abstrak Sebagai negara pantai, Indonesia mempunyai kedaulatan penuh untuk mengimplementasikan kebijakan nasionalnya untuk mencegah penangkapan ikan ilegal di wilayah perairan teritorialnya. Salah satu contoh dari tindakan pencegahan adalah penangkapan dan penahanan ratusan ‘manusia perahu’ pada saat mereka melakukan penangkapan ikan secara ilegal di perairan kepulauan Derawan, Kalimantan Timur. Mereka melakukan transit dan penangkapan ikan dengan metode yang dilarang oleh hukum Indonesia. Isu penangkapan ikan ilegal akan dianalisa dengan hukum internasional dan sebagai bagian dari penegakan kedaualatan negara pantai. ‘Manusia perahu’ mengacu pada sejumlah orang yang menghabiskan sebagian besar aktivitas hidupnya dalam kapal, dalam peraairan teritorial Indonesia, Malaysia dan Filiphina. ‘Manusia perahu’ berkenaan dengan dua konsep. Pertama adalah isu nasionalitas. Kebanyakan ‘manusia perahu’ terbukti tidak mempunyai kewarganegaraan, sedangkan sebagian dari mereka sudah diidentifikasi sebagai warga negara Filiphina. Otoritas Indonesia dan Malaysia tidak mengakui mereka sebagai bagian dari warga negara kedua negara ini. Hal ini sangat berlawanan dengan ‘manusia perahu’ yang melakukan klaim bahwa mereka berasal dari Semporna, Malaysia. Indonesia sendiri menganggap ‘manusia perahu’ sebagai penangkap ikan asing. Ada beberapa cara dalam menangani mereka yang telah mempunyai kewarganegaraan dan mana yang belum. Konsepsi kedua adalah berkenaan dengan terminilogi ‘penangkap ikan tradisional’ dan ‘hak menangkap ikan secara tradisional’ berdasarkan hukum internasional dan peraturan nasional, dan bagaimana praktik negara diimplementasikan. Lebih lanjut lagi, akan ada perbandingan mengenai praktik internasional berkenaan dengan hak memancing tradisional berdasarkan hukum internasional. Kata Kunci: ‘manusia perahu’, illegal fishing, kebangsaan, tak berkewarganegaraan, hak nelayan tradisional.