Fajar, Indra Wahyu
Department of Architecture, Universitas Tanjungpura

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DISAIN STRUKTURAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEARIFAN LOKAL PADA RUMAH TRADISIONAL MELAYU KOTA SAMBAS KALIMANTAN BARAT Zain, Zairin; Fajar, Indra Wahyu
LANGKAU BETANG: JURNAL ARSITEKTUR Vol 1, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (633.019 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/lantang.v1i2.18797

Abstract

Rumah itu dibangun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan fisik dan spiritual bagi penghuni. Ini berarti bahwa fungsi rumah secara fisik dibangun untuk mempertahankan hidup mereka dari ancaman lingkungan seperti iklim, cuaca atau hewan liar, sementara rumah juga diperuntukkan untuk kebutuhan rohani mereka dengan memfasilitasi interaksi antara penghuni di rumah atau interaksi dengan orang di luar rumah. Untuk itu, menarik untuk mendalami kearifan lokal  yang hidup di  masyarakat tradisional di Kota  Sambas Kalimantan Barat, melalui pemahaman disain struktural  dari  elemen-elemen  tempat tinggal tersebut. Disain struktural bangunan dikerjakan dalam memenuhi tujuan-tujuan untuk  safety,  values,  fitness,  compatibility  dan  flexibility. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa disain struktural rumah tradisional Melayu di kota Sambas dibangun dengan  Tujuan  Safety  diperoleh dari keadaan yang memperhatikan kedominanan, proporsi dan keseimbangan; Tujuan Value diperoleh dari perhatian terhadap konstruksi ruang, keterhubungan ruang, susunan dan perletakan kolom; Tujuan Fitness diperoleh dari pemilihan dan pola struktur; Tujuan Compatibility diperoleh dari perhatian terhadap pemilihan material, orientasi bangunan dan bentuk-bentuk struktur ruang; sedangkan Tujuan Flexibility diperoleh dari susunan dan keterkaitan ruang serta pemilihan sistem struktur. The house was built to meet the physical and spiritual needs of the occupants. This means that the physical functions of house was bulit to maintain their living from environmental threats such as climate, weather or wild animals, while the house as well intended for their spiritual needs to facilitating the interaction between the occupants in the house or interaction with people outside the house. For that, it is interesting to explore the local wisdom that growing in traditional people of the Sambas town West Kalimantan, through an understanding of the structural design of the house elements. Structural design of the building is done to fulfill the objectives of safety, values, fitness, compatibility and flexibility. From the results of this study found that the structural design of the Malay traditional house in Sambas town was built with the aim of Safety obtained from the state of attention to dominance, proportion and balance; the aim of Value obtained from the state of attention to the construction of space, the connectedness of space, arrangement and placement of columns; the aim of Fitness obtained from the state of attention to the selection and patterns of structures; the aim of Compatibility obtained from the state of attention to the material selection, building orientation and the forms of spatial structure; while the aim of Flexibility is obtained from the state of attention to the composition and  space connectedness and the structural systemREFERENCESAlMudra, Mahyudin. 2004. Rumah Melayu Memangku Adat Menjemput Zaman. Balai Kajian Dan Pengembangan Budaya Melayu. YogyakartaBappeda Kab. Sambas, 2012. Rencana Tata Ruang dan Wilayah Kabupaten Sambas 2012-2032. Bappeda Kab. Sambas. SambasBPS-Kalimantan Barat. 2010. Kalimantan Barat Dalam Angka 2010. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. PontianakNoble, Allen G. 2007.  Traditional Buildings ~ A Global Survey of Structural Forms and Cultural Functions. I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, New YorkTahir, M. M.; M. F. M. Zain; K. Sopian; I. M. S. Usman; M. Surat; N. A. G. Abdullah; N. Tawil; M. F; I. Md Nor, A. I. Che-Ani. 2010. The development of a sustainably responsive ultra low energy terrace housing for the tropics incorporating the raised floor innovation. Proceedings of the 5th IASME / WSEAS International Conference on ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT (EE '10) University of Cambridge, United Kingdom p. 36-45, Energy and Environmental Engineering Series: A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks. Published by WSEAS Press.Wahl, Iver. 2007. Building Anatomy : An Illustrated Guide to How Structures Work. Mc.Graw Hill Company Inc. New York Zain, Zairin; Indra Wahyu Fajar. 2014. Tahapan Konstruksi Rumah Tradisional Suku Melayu Di Kota Sambas Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Langkau Betang Volume 1 Nomor 1 Tahun 2014. Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tanjungpura dan Pusat Studi Disain Universitas Tanjungpura. PontianakZain, Zairin. 2013. The Anatomy of  traditional Dwellings: Comparative Study between Malay and Dayak Indigenous Architecture in West Kalimantan. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing/AV Akademikerverlag GmbH & Co. KG. Saarbrücken. GermanyZain, Zairin. 2012a. Pengaruh Aspek Eksternal Pada Rumah Melayu Tradisional di Kota Sambas. Jurnal NALARs, Vol 11 No 2 Juli 2012. Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta. JakartaZairin Zain. 2012b. Analisis Bentuk dan Ruang pada Rumah Melayu Tradisional di Kota Sambas, Kalimantan Barat.  Jurnal NALARs Volume 11 No. 2 Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta. Jakarta
TAHAPAN KONSTRUKSI RUMAH TRADISIONAL SUKU MELAYU DI KOTA SAMBAS KALIMANTAN BARAT Zain, Zairin; Fajar, Indra Wahyu
LANGKAU BETANG: JURNAL ARSITEKTUR Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (566.656 KB) | DOI: 10.26418/lantang.v1i1.18805

Abstract

Arsitektur tradisional sebagai hasil karya suku bangsa di Indonesia telah membentuk dan mengembangkan adat tradisi sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka. Adat tradisi merupakan bagian budaya yang mereka ciptakan untuk memfasilitasi aktivitas keseharian. Arsitektur rumah Melayu tradisional di kota Sambas sebagai bagian dari  kebudayaan nusantara mempunyai struktur dan tahapan konstruksi yang memberikan karakteristik sendiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap sebuah rumah tradisional suku Melayu di  kota Sambas yang berada di Kampung Dagang Timur. Tulisan ini melakukan eksplorasi pada tahapan Konstruksi pada obyek penelitian ini dan juga memberikan pengamatan yang intensif pada sambungan balok dan kolom. Pengamatan ini sebagai penguatan tahapan konstruksi untuk memberikan stabilitas struktur pada rumah tradisional tersebut. Bangunan dengan stabilitas yang tinggi di rumah tradisional Suku Melayu di Kota Sambas dapat tercipta dengan sistem konstruksi yang bai dan  mengacu  pada  kaidah-kaidah  normatif pelaksanaan  tahap  konstruksi yang  secara  alamiah  dipahami  turun  temurun  oleh masyarakat  tradisional Suku  Melayu  di  Kota  Sambas. Penentuan sistem struktur  dan tahapan konstruksi  pada  rumah Tradisional  Suku Melayu di kota  Sambas mampu memberikan keseimbangan bangunan baik secara melintang maupun memanjang bangunan  sehingga  struktur  menjadi  stabil dan  juga memudahkan dalam  keseluruhan tahapan konstruksi rumah Tradisional Suku Melayu di kota Sambas. Traditional architecture as the works of national ethics in Indonesia has formed and developed the traditional customs to fit their needs. Indigenous traditions are part of the cultural behavior as they created to facilitate the daily activities. The architecture of traditional houses of the Malay in the town of Sambas, as part of culture of the archipelago, has structures and  a construction phase that gives its own characteristics. This research was carried out on a traditional house of Malays in the town of Sambas residing in Kampung Dagang Timur. This paper conducted an exploration on the stages of construction to the research object and also provide the intensive observation on the beam and column connections. This observation as the strengthen for the construction phase to provide explanations of the structure stability  on the traditional house. Buildings with high stability found in a traditional house of Malays of the town of Sambas can be created with the construction in a good system and refers to the normative rules of the construction phase that are naturally understood by a hereditary of the traditional Malay society in the city of Sambas . Determination of structural systems and construction phases of the traditional house of Malays in the town of Sambas is able to provide the balance of the building both transverse and longitudinal views so that structure of the building becomes stable and also facilitate the overall construction phase of Traditional house of Malays in the town of SambasREFERENCESAhmad, Abdullah Sani; Jamil Abu Bakar; Fawazul Khair Ibrahim. 2006. Investigation On The Elements Of Malay Landscape Design. Fakulti Alam Bina Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. MalaysiaKuncoro, Wahyu Tri. 2010 Perubahan Nilai Simpang Horisontal Bangunan Bertingkat Setelah Pemasangan Dinding Geser Pada Tiap Sudutnya. Universitas Sebelas Maret. SurakartaKwantes, J. 1985. Mekanika Bangunan Jilid 2. Erlangga. JakartaWahl, Iver. 2007. Building Anatomy : An Illustrated Guide to How Structures Work. Mc.Graw Hill Company Inc. New YorkZain, Zairin. 2003. Sistem Struktur Rumah Tradisional Suku Melayu Di Kota Sambas Kalimantan Barat. Tesis Program Magister Teknik Arsitektur Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Universitas Gadjah Mada.  YogyakartaZain, Zairin. (2012a). Pengaruh Aspek Eksternal Pada Rumah Melayu Tradisional di Kota Sambas. Jurnal NALARs, Vol 11 No 2 Juli 2012. Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta. JakartaZairin Zain. 2012b. Analisis Bentuk dan Ruang pada Rumah Melayu Tradisional di Kota Sambas, Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal NALARs Volume 11 No. 2 Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta. JakartaZain, Zairin. 2012c. The Structural System of Traditional Malay Dwellings in Sambas Town West Kalimantan Indonesia. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilization, Volume 30 no. 1 June 2012,  Published by the institute of the Malay world and Civilization Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. JohorBahruZain, Zairin; Erich Lehner. 2012. Space: Identifications and Definitions, Study Case on Traditional Malay Dwellings of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proceeding of the 1st Biennale International Conference on Indonesian Architecture and Planning (ICIAP) July 10-11, 2012. Yogyakarta. Indonesia, UGM YogyakartaZain, Zairin. 2013.The Anatomy of Traditional Dwellings: Comparative Study between Malay and Dayak Indigenous Architecture in West Kalimantan. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing/ AV Akademikerverlag GmbH & Co. KG. Saarbrücken. Germany