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All Journal IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan DISTILAT: JURNAL TEKNOLOGI SEPARASI Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (J-ABDIMAS)
Rulianah, Sri
Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Malang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Other

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UJI ORGANOLEPTIK DAN PROFIL KIMIAWI YOGURT PADAT DENGAN KOMPOSISI FORMULA YANG BERBEDA Sri Rulianah; M Sarosa; Hadiwiyatno Hadiwiyatno
Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan Vol 2, No 4 (2013): November 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Food Technologists

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (247.574 KB)

Abstract

Yogurt di pasaran pada umumnya berbentuk cair dan kurang lazim ditemui dibanding produk minuman probiotik lainnya. Untuk itu perlu diversifikasi produk yogurt yang memiliki nilai tambah ekonomi dan bentuk yang bervariasi sehingga menjadikan yogurt sebagai minuman probiotik yang lebih diminati oleh konsumen. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menemukan formulasi yang tepat dalam pembuatan yogurt padat baik dalam bentuk rasa maupun tekstur. Yogurt padat dibuat dari susu sapi segar ditambah dengan maizena, susu skim, dekstrin (sesuai variabel) dan gula. Campuran dari bahan–bahan tersebut dipanaskan pada suhu ± 90 oC selama 10 menit, didinginkan sampai suhu 43 oC, dan ditambahkan starter yogurt (bakteri Steptococcus thermophillus dan Lactobacillus bulgariccus) sebesar 3 % dan diinkubasi selama 18 jam pada suhu kamar. Variabel berubah yang digunakan adalah jumlah maizena, susu skim, dan dekstrin dalam bentuk formulasi yaitu formulasi A sampai O. Dari hasil uji coba organoleptik terhadap 20 responden menunjukkan bahwa yogurt padat dengan rasa dan tekstur yang paling disukai responden adalah formulasi D yaitu pada penambahan susu skim 3 %, maizena 3 % dan tidak ada penambahan dekstrin. Formulasi D tersebut setelah diuji secara kimiawi dan mikrobiologi menghasilkan kadar keasaman 0,87%, kadar protein 8,932%, dan jumlah bakteri stater 2,45 x 109 cfu/gram sampel.
Produksi Crude Selulase dari Limbah Kayu Mahoni Menggunakan Phanerochaete chrysosporium Sri Rulianah; Christyfani Sindhuwati; Prayitno Prayitno
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol 3, No 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (799.783 KB) | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v3i1.86

Abstract

Limbah kayu mahoni dapat dikategorikan sebagai limbah lignoselulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biofuel, seperti bioetanol. Selulosa pada limbah kayu mahoni dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku produksi crude selulase dengan bantuan kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Crude selulase yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi dan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu fermentasi dan penambahan konsentrasi  serbuk kayu mahoni terhadap aktivitas crude selulase, dan untuk mengetahui kondisi operasi terbaik sehingga diperoleh crude selulase dengan aktivitas yang tertinggi. Produksi crude selulase dari limbah kayu mahoni melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu, size reduction, peremajaan dan pembuatan inokulum kapang Phanerocheate chrysosporium, produksi crude selulase dan uji aktivitas selulase dengan metode DNS. Variabel berubah pada penelitian ini adalah % penambahan serbuk kayu mahoni pada media pembuatan crude selulase yaitu 5%, 6% dan 7%, dan waktu inkubasi pembuatan crude selulase yaitu 9, 11, 13, 15 dan 17 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, semakin lama waktu fermentasi, dan semakin tinggi jumlah penambahan serbuk kayu mahoni, maka aktivitas selulase yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi. Kondisi operasi terbaik diperoleh pada waktu inkubasi selama 17 hari, dan  jumlah penambahan serbuk kayu mahoni 7% , diperoleh aktivitas crude selulase sebesar 39,034 U/ml.Mahogany waste can be categorized as lignocelluloses waste which can be used as raw material of  biofuel such as bioethanol. Cellulose in mahogany can also be utilized as crude cellulose raw material with the help of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Crude selulase produced has high economic value and can be utilized in many sectors. This research is aim to determine the effect of fermentation time and the addition of mahogany concentration on crude cellulase activity, and to determine the best operating conditions. Crude cellulase production from waste of mahogany through several steps, those are size reduction, rejuvenation and inoculum production of Phanerocheate chrysosporium, crude cellulase production and activity test with DNS method. The variable in this experiment was the precentage of mahogany powder added on crude cellulase production media which was 5%, 6% and 7%, and incubation time of crude cellulase production which were 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 days. The experiment shows that the highest cellulase activity was at concentration of mahogany powder of 7% with incubation time of 17days as 39,034 U/ml.
Pembuatan Biogas dari Limbah Cair Tahu Menggunakan Bakteri Indigeneous Prayitno Prayitno; Sri Rulianah; Hilman Nurmahdi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol 4, No 2 (2020): October 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v4i2.141

Abstract

Air limbah tahu merupakan bahan pencemar apabila dibuang ke lingkungan perairan karena dapat menimbulkan bau busuk, penyakit dan menurunkan konsentrasi oksigen terlarut. Pada sisi lain, air limbah tahu dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi alternatif yaitu biogas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu fermentasi, volume substrat dan waktu pengadukan terhadap produksi biogas dan gas metana. Variabel yang digunakan dalam percobaan, antara lain: volume starter (10%, 20%, 30% dan 40% (v/v)); waktu pengadukan (1 hari, 7 hari, dan 14 hari), waktu fermentasi (5 hari, 10 hari, 15 hari, 20 hari, dan 25 hari). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan digester yang memiliki volume 50 liter yang diisi dengan starter berupa bakteri indigeneous dan limbah cair tahu pada persen volume tertentu. Selanjutnya  digester dialiri gas N2 hingga digester berada pada kondisi anaerobik kemudian dilakukan pengadukan (1 hari, 7 hari, 14 hari) atau  tanpa pengadukan. Pada setiap 5 hari hingga 25 hari dilakukan pengambilan sampel dan pengukuran volume biogas dan gas metana (CH4) yang dihasilkan menggunakan alat gas analyzer. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa volume biogas dan gas metana terbanyak dihasilkan pada waktu fermentasi 20 hari, dengan pengadukan 14 hari, dan volume starter 30% dapat menghasilkan biogas dan gas metana (CH4) masing – masing sebesar 5.000 ml dan 540 ml.Tofu wastewater is a pollutant when discharged into the aquatic environment because it can cause foul odors, diseases and reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen. On the other hand, tofu wastewater can be used as an alternative energy source, namely biogas. The study aims to determine the effect of fermentation time, starter volume and stirring time on biogas and methane gas production. Variables used in the experiment included: volume of starter (10, 20, 30, and 40% (v/v)); stirring time (1, 7, and 14 days), fermentation time (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days). The research was conducted using a digester that has a volume of 50 liters filled with starter as much as 10, 20, 30 and 40% (v/v). Then the digester is flowed with N2 gas until the digester is in anaerobic condition then stirring (1, 7, and 14 days) or without stirring. Every 5 days to 25 days a sample is taken and the amount of biogas and methane gas (CH4) produced is measured directly using a gas analyzer. The experimental results show that the highest volume of biogas and methane gas produced during fermentation time of 20 days, with a stirring of 14 days, and a volume of starter of 30% which can produce biogas and methane gas (CH4) respectively of 5,000 ml and and 540 ml.
Penurunan Kadar Lignin pada Fermentasi Limbah Kayu Mahoni Menggunakan Phanerochaete chrysosporium Sri Rulianah; Prayitno Prayitno; Christyfani Sindhuwati; Dessi Ria Ambar Ayu; Khalimatus Sa’diyah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol 4, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1055.736 KB) | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v4i1.139

Abstract

Limbah Kayu Mahoni merupakan limbah pertanian jenis kayu keras yang mengandung lignoselulosa (lignin, selulosa, hemiselulosa) yang cukup tinggi. Selulosa sangat berpotensi untuk didegradasi oleh Phanerochaete chrysosporium menjadi glukosa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama fermentasi dan penambahan serbuk Kayu Mahoni terhadap penurunan kadar lignin pada fermentasi limbah Kayu Mahoni menggunakan kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengeringkan dan mengecilkan ukuran limbah Kayu Mahoni, kemudian melakukan proses fermentasi limbah Kayu Mahoni dengan Phanerochaete chrysosporium dengan rentang waktu 9, 11, 13, 15, dan 17 hari, dan penambahan limbah serbuk Kayu Mahoni sebanyak 5, 6 dan 7%. Sebelum dan sesudah proses fermentasi dilakukan analisa kadar lignin. Hasil terbaik dari penelitian yaitu penurunan kadar lignin sebesar 85,33 % diperoleh pada lama fermentasi 17 hari dan penambahan serbuk Kayu Mahoni sebanyak 5 %.Mahogany wood waste is a type of hard wood agricultural waste containing lignocellulose which is quite high. In mahogany wood waste also contains lignin which is quite high, so the level of lignin must be reduced so that the cellulose can be used as glucose. Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a type of mold that is able to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation time and the addition of mahogany wood waste to the reduction of lignin content in the fermentation of mahogany wood waste using Phanerochaete chrysosporium molds. The study was conducted by drying and reducing the size of mahogany wood waste, then fermentation of mahogany wood waste with Phanerochaete chrysosporium with a span of 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 days, and the addition of mahogany wood waste 5, 6 and 7%. Before and after the fermentation process, lignin levels were analyzed. The best results from this study were obtained at 17 days of fermentation and the addition of 5% mahogany wood powder, obtained a decrease in lignin content of 85,33 %.
Utilization of Rice Straw Waste in The Production of Crude Cellulase by Aspergillus Niger for Biodeingking Processes Yanty Maryanty; Kristina Widjayanti; Sri Rulianah; Meiliefiana Meiliefiana; Windra Putri Juwita
IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series Vol 1, No 1 (2014): International Seminar on Applied Technology, Science, and Arts (APTECS) 2013
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j23546026.y2014i1.294

Abstract

Rice straw is agricultural waste that contains cellulose and has not been used optimally. The agricultural wastes contain cellulose which can be utilized for the production of cellulase enzymes. Cellulase produced from cellulose hydrolysis process in such materials through enzymatic hydrolysis. This study aimed to determine the effect of substrate type and temperature delignification on cellulase enzyme production and determine the effect of the number of additional enzymes of each substrate at biodeinking process. Variable used is the temperature used in the delignification process (100oC and 120oC), the addition of substrate (2,3,4,5,6%), additional doses of the application biodeinking (1,2,3,4,5%). Research conducted by softening rice straw to 30 mesh size media then delignification using 100 ° C and 120 ° C for 150 minutes, and fermented with Aspergillus niger in liquid inoculum, growth curves, and the crude cellulase production. The resulting crude cellulase was applied to the process biodeinking. Fieldwork results showed that at a temperature of 120oC delignification can reduce lignin content in straw was 48.7%. Highest crude cellulase activity of delignification results 120oC 4% resulting from the addition of media on the production of the enzyme activity of crude enzyme with 118.055 units / ml. Biodeinking application results showed that the addition of 3% crude cellulase with medium straw delignification results of 120oC can raise the value of paper brightness of 35.39% to 42.86% or 17:42%.
INISIASI PENDAMPINGAN UKM PRODUSEN MINUMAN YOGHURT PADA KELOMPOK ‘SEHAT JIWA’ BINAAN BMH MALANG Sri Rulianah; Dwina Moentamaria; Prayitno Prayitno
Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (J-ABDIMAS) Vol 6 No 2 (2019): JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT 2019
Publisher : Publisher UPT P2M Politeknik Negeri Malang

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Abstract

As a follow-up to the 2018 regular PkM program, where the Chemical Engineering Department has succeeded in yoghurt making training for ‘SEHAT JIWA’ group as build of BMH Malang which is shown by the increasing enthusiasm of the training participants who wish to open a business making yoghurt drinks to be marketed in the surrounding area.The purpose of this PkM is to provide technical assistance and provision of equipment for the production of yoghurt to SMEs of drink producers under the guidance of BMH of Malang in order to become independent and ready to compete in the market. This PkM activity consists of several activities, including: 1). Yoghurt production assistance, 2). Provision/grant of yoghurt production equipment (Pasteurization and incubation, Freezer).The results of the PkM show that increasing of the knowledge and skills of the participants in operating the grant equipment (pasteurization and incubation - freezer) used to make yoghurt. Besides that, increased an understanding of the introduction and application of the management of production and marketing of yogurt. Furthermore, several PkM outcomes have been achieved, including: An article published in national journals with ISSN, Publications of activities in national newspapers (on line), Patent Draft, and Equipment Grants.
Produksi Crude Selulase dari Bahan Baku Ampas Tebu Menggunakan Kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium Sri Rulianah; Zakijah Irfin; Mufid Mufid; Prayitno Prayitno
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol 1, No 1 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (915.771 KB) | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v1i1.24

Abstract

Bagasse mengandung selulosa yang cukup tinggi sehingga berpotensi sebagai bahan baku produksi crude selulase menggunakan kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Kapang ini memiliki kemampuan untuk memproduksi enzim selulase dari substrat yang mengandung selulosa dan juga menghasilkan enzim yang dapat memecah lignin sehingga tidak perlu dilakukan proses delignifikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan limbah ampas tebu sebagai bahan baku pembuatan crude selulase menggunakan kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium dan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi substrat dan waktu fermentasi terhadap aktivitas crude selulase yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengeringkan dan memperkecil ukuran ampas tebu, meremajakan kapang Phanerocheate chrysoporium, membuat inokulum dalam media cair, memfermentasi ampas tebu sesuai dengan variabel, dengan media Nitrogen Limited Media (NLM) menggunakan kapang Phanerocheate chrysoporium. Hasil fermentasi disaring, dan filtratnya dianalisa aktivitasnya sebagai crude selulase. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah waktu fermentasi 9, 11, 13, 15 dan 17 hari dan konsentrasi ampas tebu sebagai media: 5, 6, dan 7 % b/v. Ekstrak kasar selulase (crude) yang dihasilkan disaring menggunakan filter vakum, dan aktivitas filtrat (crude cellulase) diuji dengan pereaksi DNS (dinitro salicylic acid) dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas selulase tertinggi diperoleh pada variabel konsentrasi ampas tebu sebesar 7% b/v dan waktu inkubasi selama 17 hari yaitu sebesar 91.304 U/mL.Bagasse contain high cellulose which potentially to be used to raw material for producing cellulase enzyme using fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium. This fungus has ability to produce cellulase enzymes from substrates which contain cellulose and also produce enzymes that can degrade lignin content so it didn’t need the delignification process. The objective of this study was to convert cellulose in bagasse to be crude cellulase enzymes by using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and determine the effect of substrate concentration and fermentation time to the enzyme activity. This research was conducted by drying and reducing the bagasse particle size, rejuvenating mold Phanerocheate chrysoporium, making inoculum in liquid medium, fermenting bagasse in accordance with the variable, with media NLM (nitrogen limited media) using Phanerocheate chrysoporium. Fermentation results were filtered, and it was analyzed the activity of crude cellulase. The variable in this study was the time of fermentation 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 days and substrate concentration: 5, 6, and 7 % b/v. Crude cellulose was filtered and was analyzed the enzyme activity by DNS (dinitro salicylic acid) reagent, using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The best result of this study was the crude cellulase with highest activity 91,304 U/mL for 7 % substrate concentration with fermentation time 17 days.
EVALUASI PRESSURE DROP HEAT EXCHANGER-03 PADA CRUDE DISTILLATION UNIT PPSDM MIGAS CEPU Reftian Jalu Prabaswara; Sri Rulianah; Christyfani Sindhuwati; Raharjo Raharjo
DISTILAT: JURNAL TEKNOLOGI SEPARASI Vol 7, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/distilat.v7i2.287

Abstract

Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang memiliki cadangan energi fosil melimpah tidak lepas dari konsumsi minyak bumi. PPSDM Migas Cepu merupakan salah satu instansi yang selain mengemban tugas dalam mempersiapkan tenaga-tenaga andal dalam bidang eksplorasi dan eksploitasi migas juga memiliki unit pengolahan minyak bumi yang menghasilkan beberapa produk turunan. Heat Exchanger-03 merupakan penukar panas yang berperan vital dalam proses produksi pada CDU PPSDM Migas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat performa dari Heat exchanger-03 yang didasarkan pada perhitungan nilai pressure drop dan efisiensi perpindahan panas. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan berupa pengamatan secara langsung selama 7 hari terhadap kondisi operasi HE-03 yang meliputi suhu, laju alir, dan tekanan fluida. Hasil dari evaluasi heat exchanger menunjukkan pressure drop pada sisi shell dan tube berturut-turut  0,00000175  dan 0,02462 psi. Efisiensi perpindahan panas sebesar 76,0242%. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan jika HE-03 beroperasi dengan layak namun telah mengalami penurunan kinerja. Oleh karena itu, pihak PPSDM Migas Cepu diharapkan untuk melakukan perawatan secara berkala yang meliputi pembersihan heat exchanger dan penggantian insulasi termal yang kurang layak untuk menjaga proses perpindahan panas tetap berjalan dengan baik.
Review: Potensi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Bioetanol dengan Metode Fed Batch pada Proses Hidrolisis Christyfani Sindhuwati; Asalil Mustain; Yasinta Octaliya Rosly; Andika Soharmat Aprijaya; Mufid Mufid; Ade Sonya Suryandari; Hardjono Hardjono; Sri Rulianah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol 5, No 2 (2021): October 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v5i2.224

Abstract

Peningkatan kebutuhan energi terutama bahan bakar minyak yang tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan sumber energi tak terbarukan akan mengakibatkan kelangkaan energi. Pembuatan bahan bakar terbarukan merupakan solusi untuk mengatasi kelangkaan tersebut, salah satunya bioetanol. Biomassa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) merupakan bahan baku yang cocok untuk pembuatan bioetanol karena jumlahnya yang melimpah dan mengandung lignoselulosa. Bioetanol dapat diperoleh melalui proses fermentasi dengan metode yang digunakan adalah Fed Batch Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation. Pretreatment berupa size reduction dan delignifikasi direkomendasikan sebelum proses hidrolisis enzimatik dan fermentasi secara serentak. Metode pengumpanan Fed Batch pada High Total Solid Loading (HTSL) direkomendasikan sebagai strategi pengumpanan pada proses hidrolisis enzimatik dengan jumlah frekuensi yang tinggi memberikan hasil kadar etanol lebih tinggi.The enhancement of energy needs, especially fuel, that is not complemented by the availability of non-renewable energy sources, would affect the deficient of energy. The production of renewable fuel such as bioethanol is a solution to overcome that deficiency. One of the substrates that are appropriate to be processed into bioethanol is Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) because of abundant and lignocellulosic biomass. Bioethanol can be produced through the fermentation process by Fed-Batch Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation method. Size reduction and delignification for pretreatment are recommended before the simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis process and fermentation. Using the fed-batch as a feeding method of High Total Solid Loading (HTSL) is recommended for feeding strategy in hydrolysis enzymatic process with high frequency that can produce a higher yield of ethanol.
BIMBINGAN TEKNIS PADA UMKM PRODUSEN MINUMAN YOGHURT DI KOTA MALANG Sri Rulianah; Dwina Moentamaria; Prayitno Prayitno; Khalimatus Sa’diayah
Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (J-ABDIMAS) Vol 5 No 1 (2018): JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT 2018
Publisher : Publisher UPT P2M Politeknik Negeri Malang

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Abstract

Royals Kitchen is one of the MSMEs in Malang City which produces yogurt drinks, where these MSMEs have been producing yogurt since 2 - 3 years ago after obtaining permission from DISPERINDAG Malang City. In a period of time not too long, Royals Kitchen has grown significantly in the level of sales and marketing area. However, there are many problems from the Royal Kitchen UMKM, including: 1). The production process is still manual so that it has the potential to cause product contamination and product failure, 2). The capacity of pasteurization and incubation equipment for production is limited to 5 liters while to meet consumer demand the capacity of the equipment must be at least 20 liters. 3). Product quality is less standard (less consistent), 4). Weak understanding and skills in producing a product according to GMP provisions. For this reason, through this innovative PkM activity, it is hoped that there will be a solution to the problems faced by Royals Kitchen so hat these SMEs can grow well.Some of the solutions that will be provided through these innovative PkM,include: 1). Procurement of pasteurization and incubation equipment capacity of 20-30 liters, 2). HACCP and GMP training, 3). Administrative and financial management training, 4). Promotion through print media (newspapers).The expected outcomes of the solution include: Increased production capacity, improved product quality, improved administrative and financial management systems and increased sales turnover.Some of the results of the PKM activities, include: grants for pasteurization equipment with a capacity of 20 liters, increased knowledge and skills in operating pasteurization equipment, improved knowledge of administration and business finance management.
Co-Authors Achmad Zaini Andika Soharmat Aprijaya Asalil Mustain Christyfani Sindhuwati Christyfani Sindhuwati Christyfani Sindhuwati Dessi Ria Ambar Ayu Hadiwiyatno Hadiwiyatno Hardjono Hardjono Hilman Nurmahdi Ifan Nida Nusha Nalaway Khalimatus Sa’diayah Khalimatus Sa’diyah Kristina Widjayanti M. Sarosa Meiliefiana Meiliefiana Mufid Mufid Nikmatul Hasanah Prayitno Prayitno Raharjo Raharjo Raharjo Raharjo Reftian Jalu Prabaswara Reyno Dwicahyo Putro Nugroho Suryandari, Ade Sonya Windra Putri Juwita Yanty Maryanty, Yanty Yasinta Octaliya Rosly Zakijah irfin