<![CDATA[Abstract: This paper deals with the significance of the methods of calculation (ḥisÄb) and observation (ruâyah) in determining the beginning of month in Islamic calendar, especially months of Ramaá¸Än, ShawwÄl and Żū al-Ḥijjah, since these months have relationship with sacred Islamic rituals. However, Muslims should review and reexamine the basic method employed in determining beginning of month in Islamic calendar. Classical dichotomy that has led to controversy until these days relates to ḥisÄb and ruâyah. Some said that ruâyah method is final and decisive while ḥisÄb is only supporting ruâyah. Others said that it is ḥisÄb that is final and decisive, while ruâyah is used to support the method of ḥisÄb. From this dispute, there should be a meeting point; that is, ruâyah should be supported by accurate science of ḥisÄb.Kata Kunci: Metodologi, Hisab, Rukyat]]>
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