JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN
Vol 16 No 1 (2020): Jurnal Budidaya Pertanian

Respon Hama Wereng Coklat Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Terhadap Ketahanan Dan Kerentanan Varietas Padi

Rein Estefanus Senewe (Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Maluku, Jln. Chr. Soplanit Rumahtiga Ambon, 97233 Indonesia)
Silvia Permatasari (Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas, Limau Manis Padang, 25163 Sumatera Barat Indonesia)
Marietje Pesireron (Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Maluku, Jln. Chr. Soplanit Rumahtiga Ambon, 97233 Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Jun 2020

Abstract

Brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the important pest insects that attack rice plants, which indirectly becomes a vector for the spread of grassy dwarf and empty dwarf diseases caused by viruses, and can consume a lot of food in a short time so that it can cause damage explosions and great losses. The aim of this study was to compare the eating response of brown planthopper to resistant and vulnerable rice varieties through the measurement of secreted honeydews. The study was conducted at the Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Rice seedlings for honeydew testing were 30 days after sowing. Testing was done by infesting 3 female BPH into a plastic cage with filter paper (Whatman No.40 9 cm in diameter) placed on the bottom, which had been sprayed with a solution of Ninhydrin 0.01 mg/ml in acetone. The treatment consisted of 3 rice varieties (Ciherang, IR-64 dan Pelita) on each ovened and non-ovened filter paper, with three replicates so that a total of 18 treatments were used by infesting each with the 3 female BPH nymphs. Whereas, 3 treatments with non-ovened papers, with 3 replicates, were infested with 3 female BPH imago each. So that the treatments involved a total of 27 feeding tubes. Honeydews released by BPH that ate on the test varieties for 24 hours were collected on filter papers and formed blue/purple spots. The extent of the honeydew spots formed was measured and analyzed. The results showed that the average value of phloem consumption in Ciherang, IR-64, and Pelita rice varieties showed that these three varieties were very susceptible to BPH sucking pests. The more food nutrients sucked by BPH pests from rice plants, the greater the number of honeydew spots and the wider the honeydew spots that were produced. The areas of honeydew spots of Pelita variety was 33.78 m2, IR-64 28.26 mm2, and Ciherang 22.44 mm2, respectively. Pelita rice varieties had a high susceptibility to BPH pests when compared to Ciherang and IR-64 because Pelita does not have resistance genes to BPH pests. Keywords: Ciherang, IR-64, Pelita, planthopper, rice, honeydew ABSTRAK Wereng batang coklat (WBC) merupakan salah satu serangga hama penting yang menyerang tanaman padi, yang secara tidak langsung menjadi vektor bagi penyebaran penyakit kerdil rumput dan kerdil hampa oleh virus, serta dapat mengkonsumsi makanan yang banyak dalam waktu singkat sehingga dapat menimbulkan ledakan kerusakan dan kerugian yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan respon makan WBC pada varietas padi tahan dan rentan melalui pengukuran embun madu yang disekresikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Toksikologi, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bibit padi untuk pengujian embun madu digunakan saat berumur 30 hari setelah semai. Pengujian dengan menginfestasikan WBC betina ke dalam kurungan plastik yang di bagian bawahnya diletakkan kertas saring (Whatman No. 40 berdiameter 9 cm) yang telah disemprot dengan larutan Ninhidrin 0,01 mg/mL aseton. Perlakuan yang terdiri dari 3 varietas padi (Ciherang, IR-64 dan Pelita) pada masing-masing kertas saring oven dan tidak oven dan dengan tiga ulangan sehingga total terdapat 18 perlakuan dengan menginfestasikan masing-masing 3 ekor nimfa betina WBC. Sedangkan pada 3 perlakuan kertas saring tanpa oven, dengan tiga ulangan, yang diinfestasikan masing-masing berupa 3 ekor imago betina WBC. Sehingga total perlakuan seluruhnya meliputi sebanyak 27 tabung makan. Embun madu yang dikeluarkan oleh WBC yang makan pada varietas uji selama 24 jam tertampung pada kertas saring dan membentuk bercak berwarna biru/ungu. Luas bercak embun madu yang terbentuk diukur dan dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata tingkat konsumsi floem pada varietas padi Ciherang, IR-64 dan Pelita, menunjukkan bahwa ketiga varietas ini sangat rentan terhadap hama pengisap WBC. Semakin banyak nutrisi makanan yang disedot oleh hama WBC dari tanaman padi, maka semakin banyak jumlah spot bercak honeydew dan semakin luas spot bercak honeydew yang dihasilkan. Luas spot untuk varietas Pelita adalah 33,78 m2, IR-64 28,26 mm2, dan Ciherang 22,44 mm2. Varietas padi Pelita memiliki kerentanan yang tinggi terhadap hama WBC, bila dibandingkan dengan varietas Ciherang dan IR-64, karena varietas Pelita ini tidak memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap hama WBC. Kata kunci: Ciherang, honeydew IR-64, padi, Pelita, wereng

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Journal Info

Abbrev

bdp

Publisher

Subject

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Description

JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN (Journal of Agriculture) first published in 2003 by the Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University. Jurnal Budidaya Pertanian is an official publication of the Agriculture Faculty, Pattimura University, publishes primary research paper, review ...