Al-Ahkam
Volume 23, Nomor 1, April 2013

EKSEKUSI HUKUMAN MATI - Tinjauan Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah dan Keadilan

Yahya, Imam ( IAIN Walisongo Semarang)



Article Info

Publish Date
18 Mar 2015

Abstract

Perdebatan tentang hukuman mati, hingga kini masih menarik perhatian banyak kalangan. Setidaknya ada dua mainstream dalam hal ini, yaitu orang yang setuju dan menolak diberlakukan hukuman mati. Bagi yang setuju beralasan bahwa pelanggaran berat terhadap hak hidup, harus diancam hukuman mati sehingga bisa menjadi efek jera, sementara yang menolak berpendapat bahwa hukuman mati meru­pakan pengingkaran terhadap hak asasi manusia, yaitu berupa hak hidup. Hakekat hukuman mati bukanlah pelanggaran hukum, karena penerapan hukuman mati justru ditegakkan dalam rangka melindungi Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) itu sendiri. Dalam pandangan hukum Islam, hukuman mati, dapat dilakukan terhadap empat kasus, yaitu yang melakukan zina muhṣan, membunuh dengan sengaja, ḥirābah dan murtad (keluar dari Islam). Selanjut­nya hukuman mati harus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan maqāṣid al-sharī’ah dan keadilan. Dalam perspektif maqāṣid tujuan hukuman mati harus merujuk pada tujuan me­melihara agama (ḥifẓ al-dīn), memelihara diri atau menjaga kelangsungan hidup (ḥifẓ al-nafs), akal (ḥifẓ al-‘aql), keturunan (ḥifẓ al-nasl), dan memelihara harta (ḥifẓ al-māl). Dalam perspektif keadilan, negara atas nama hukum harus melindungi warganya dari peristiwa-peristiwa hukum yang merugikan masya­rakatnya.***The debate about death penalty, is still attracted attention of people. At least, there are, two mainstream firstly those who agrees and secondly who refuses the death penalty being imposed. For those who agrees reasoned that severe violations of the right to life, should be punished by death so that could provide a deterrent effect, while those who refuses argued that the death penalty is a denial of human rights, especially right to life. The essence of the death penalty is not a violation of the law, because the imple­mentation the death penalty actually enforced in order to protect human rights itself. In the view of Islamic law, death penalty, can be done on four cases, namely that of adultery, killing intentionally, Hirabah and apostasy. Furthermore, the death penalty should be carried out in accordance with maqāṣid al-sharīah and justice. In maqāṣid al-sharīah perspective, the purpose of death penalty should refer to maintain religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), maintain body or maintain the survival (ḥifẓ al-nafs), mind (ḥifẓ al-aql), descent (ḥifẓ al-nasl), and maintaining property (ḥifẓ al-māl). While in the perspective of justice, State, on behalf of the law must protect its citizens from legal events that harm society.***Keywords: hukuman mati, maqāṣid al-sharī’ah, keadilan

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ahkam

Publisher

Subject

Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

Description

Al-AHKAM; is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang in collaboration with the Indonesian Consortium of Shariah Scholars (KSSI). Al-AHKAM focuses on Islamic law with various perspectives. This journal, serving as a forum for ...