Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya
Vol 19, No 3 (2017)

Memahami Konsep Etnisitas di Perkotaan: Politik Inter-ruang di Kota Multikultural

Lan, Thung Ju ( P2KK - LIPI)



Article Info

Publish Date
27 Feb 2018

Abstract

Tulisan ini membahas pemaknaan konsep etnisitas di perkotaan yang berbeda dengan konsep ‘kelompok etnik’ di perdesaan. Pemaknaan etnisitas di perkotaan, seperti dikatakan Hirschman, tidak terkait dengan sifat asalnya yang primordial, melainkan karena etnisitas menjadi dasar dari organisasi politik dan ekonomi di masa lalu dan masa kini yang dapat diproyeksikan ke masa depan. Perspektif Hirschman menjadi penting untuk memahami dinamika etnisitas di perkotaan yang diterjemahkan dan diartikulasikan melalui “strategi komunikasi dan diferensiasi yang sangat dinamis”, dan terkait erat dengan fungsi baru etnisitas sebagai sumber daya bagi proses negosiasi politik di perkotaan untuk membangun apa yang dikatakan Ojeda sebagai “skenario pengakuan baru oleh negara”; seperti pada kasus Pilkada 2017 yang sepertinya membelah masyarakat Jakarta atas dasar etnisitas (pribumi Islam-non-pribumi non-Islam). This article discusses the reinterpretation of urban ethnicity which differs to the concept of ethnic groups introduced by classical anthropologists. Urban ethnicity, as Hirschman suggested, could be defined as the foundation of economic and political organizations in the past and present which might be projected to the future; it is totally unrelated to its primordial characteristics. Hirschman’s perspective becomes significant to understand the dynamics of urban ethnicity which has been interpreted or articulated through “highly dynamic communication and differentiation strategies, when ethnicity works as a resource for political negotiation process in urban life to build what Ojeda called “new recognition scenario by the state”. The case of 2017 Regional Election of Jakarta Governor-Vice Governor -which is seen as dividing Jakarta people into indigenous Islams and non-indigenous non-Islams- might provide an interesting example of how to construe urban ethnicity in the present context

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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya (JMB) or Journal of Society and Culture is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to be an authoritative academic source on the study of society and culture. We publish original research papers, review articles, case studies, and book reviews focusing on Indonesian society, ...