Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic is published bimonthly by the Kemala Publisher, Indonesia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic publishes original work of importance in any field which will interest readers from more than one discipline. Authors are requested to write their papers and reports in a manner and style that is intelligible to specialists and non-specialists alike. Research contributions, which are peer reviewed, are of three kinds: Review Articles, Research Articles and Research Letters. Our second important function is to serve as a forum for debate about recent developments in research and in higher education. (The last category comprises articles which opine on important recent developments either in the published literature or at conferences.) These contributions are not peer reviewed, and potential authors are encouraged to liaise with the Editor-in-Chief before submitting work of this nature to the Journal