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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 500 Documents
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Combination of three laboratory data as predictor of severe dengue in adults : a retrospective cohort study Suwarto, Suhendro; Ulhaq, Surya; Widjaja, Bing
Universa Medicina Vol 36, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2017.v36.19-24

Abstract

IntroductionSkin hydration decreases with aging. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a major protein that plays a role in skin hydration, therefore it is a novel target for skin moisturizing treatment. Retinoic acid (RA) as a well-known active agent in antiaging treatment increases AQP3 expression, but frequently causes harmful side effects. Asiaticoside, a saponin compound isolated from Centella asiatica (CA) is also known as an antiaging cosmetic and plays a role in wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of asiaticoside isolated from CA and the effect of RA on the AQP3 expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs).Methods An experimental laboratory study was performed using primary NHEKs that were derived from the foreskin of a boy. AQP3 expression in NHEKs was examined in vitro after the cells were incubated for 24 hours with asiaticoside or with RA at several concentrations. The AQP3 expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and quantitatively analyzed by Image-J software. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data, followed by post-hoc Tukey test.ResultsThere was an increasing trend of AQP3 expression upon exposure to asiaticoside at all concentrations compared to the control group. However, RA exposure seemed to induce a higher level of AQP3 expression. Asiaticoside effected a lower increase in AQP3 expression in NHEKs than did RA (p=0.042). Optimal results were achieved at 1 mg/ml concentration of asiaticoside.ConclusionsAsiaticoside isolated from CA can enhance the AQP3 expression in NHEKs. Therefore it can be used as an active ingredient in cosmetic moisturizer formulation for dry skin treatment.
Exon prediction on DNA-genes of Plasmodium falciparum based on coding sequence structure using hidden Markov model Agoes, Suhartanti; Gunawan, Dadang; S, Sardy; Hoedojo, Hoedojo
Universa Medicina Vol 26, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2007.v26.129-136

Abstract

BACKGROUNDA hidden Markov model (HMM) is used for exon prediction on DNA of genes Plasmodium falciparum that has a model structure based on exon region structure in coding sequence (CDS). The objective research was to develop a new structure model to predict exon on DNA-genes of Plasmodium falciparum based on CDS structure using the HMM system.METHODSModel design in CDS, between two exon regions can be found one intron region and the model state number is used for its region. Its state number is used by separating start codon from first exon region and stop codon from the last exon region up to 9. The Viterbi algorithm and the backward-forward method for transition as well as emission states are used for training process. Furthermore, Viterbi and Baum-Welch algorithms are used for the testing process. The correlation coefficient (CC) was used as performance indicator, as the ratio of the estimated state in the output and the original state in the input of the model. RESULTSThe simulation results has shown that the CC values depend on the given of the backward-forward transition state values randomly. The model with state number 9 showed the highest average of CC values of 0.7289 for Viterbi algorithm, and is 0.7166 for Baum-Welch algorithm. However, the lowest average of CC values has been found for the model with state number five. Its values are 0.6735 by using Viterbi algorithm and 0.6661 by using Baum-Welch algorithm. CONCLUSIONThe new structure model based on HMM system was valid to predict exon on DNA-genes of Plasmodium falciparum.
Accommodative insufficiency as cause of asthenopia in computer-using students Amalia, Husnun; Suardana, Gusti G.; Artini, Widya
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.78-83

Abstract

To date the use of computers is widely distributed throughout the world and the associated ocular complaints are found in 75-90% of the population of computer users. Symptoms frequently reported by computer users were eyestrain, tired eyes, irritation, redness, blurred vision, diplopia, burning of the eyes, and asthenopia (visual fatigue of the eyes). A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the etiology of asthenopia in computer-using students. A questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used to assess symptoms experienced by the computer users. The ophthalmological examination comprised visual acuity, the Hirschberg test, near point accommodation, amplitude accommodation, near point convergence, the cover test, and the alternate cover test. A total of 99 computer science students, of whom 69.7% had asthenopia, participated in the study. The symptoms that were significantly associated with asthenopia were visual fatigue (p=0.031), heaviness in the eye (p=0.002), blurred vision (p=0.001), and headache at the temples or the back of the head (p=0.000). Refractive asthenopia was found in 95.7% of all asthenopia patients with accommodative insufficiency (AI), constituting the most frequent cause at 50.7%. The duration of computer use per day was not significantly associated with the prevalence of asthenopia (p=0.700). There was a high prevalence of asthenopia among computer science students, mostly caused by refractive asthenopia. Accommodation measurements should be performed more routinely and regularly, maybe as screening, especially in computer users.
Perception of non-communicable diseases predicts consumption of fruits and vegetables Charles Surjadi; Ismoyowati Ismoyowati; Dwidjo Susilo; Hernani Djarir
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 3 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.175-183

Abstract

BackgroundNutrition has come to the fore as one of the major modifiable determinants of chronic disease. Establishing healthy eating habits during adolescence is important given that fruit and vegetable consumption has long-term health-protective benefits. The objective of this study was to investigate the determinant factors of fruit and vegetable consumption habits among Padang inhabitants MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire-based rapid assessment of 150 respondents who came from different settings: The questionnaire consisted of items on personal characteristics such as age, working status, gender, and personal knowledge of the subjects about the cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their activities to prevent NCDs. Bivariate analysis was applied to look for variables significantly related to healthy eating (vegetable and fruit consumption). We applied multiple logistic regression to look for the best model to explain factors related to regular fruit and vegetable consumption.Results The age range of the subjects was 14 to 76 years, 60% of subjects were women, and 40% were men. The study indicated that 64.7% of the respondents perceived that eating habits relate to NCD, while 67.3% consumed fruits and vegetables regularly. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that gender (O.R.=2.74; 95% C.I. 1.54-5.27) and perception of NCD as being related to healthy eating (O.R.=5.62;95% C.I. 2.93-10.76) were significantly related to regular fruit and vegetable consumption. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that perception of NCD was the most determinant factor of regular fruit and vegetable consumption. Activities to improve practice of regular fruit and vegetable consumption are part of control of NCD risk factors.
Black sugarcane decoction reduces rat brain ischemia Handayani, Ety Sari; Nugraha, Zainuri Sabta; Nurmasitoh, Titis; Kuswati, Kuswati; Ahsani, Dwi N.; Nanda, Ajeng G.
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.40-45

Abstract

BackgroundThere are people in Yogyakarta, who use black sugarcane decoction (BSD) to prevent stroke. BSD contains policosanol and antioxidants. It has been proven that policosanol can reduce global ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. This study aims to evaluate the effect of BSD on brain ischemia in a rat stroke model. MethodsA laboratory experiment using eighteen 3-month old male Wistar rats without any defects, of 175-250 g body weight. Brain ischemia was produced by a 20-minute bilateral carotid communis artery oclusion (BCCAO).  Using a rat stroke model, brain ischemia was produced by a 20-minute BCCAO. The rats were randomized into three groups: BSD treated stroke model rats (group 1), non treated stroke model rats (group 2), and sham operated rats (group 3). BSD was administered by gavage for 1 week before BCCAO. Decapitation of rats was performed two hours post BCCAO. Brain tissues were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Ischemic areas were analyzed using Image J softwere. Statistical analysis was conducted by one way ANOVA test.ResultsThe mean percentages of rat brain ischemic area differed between group 3 (0.0 ± 0.0%), group 2 (3.13 ± 0.59%) and group 1 (1.15 ± 0.47%) p =0.001). Post hoc test showed that there was no difference between group 3 with group 1. Instead, there was a significant difference between  group 2 and the other groups.ConclusionThe administration of BSD reduced rat brain ischemia after bilateral carotid artery ligation.
Comparative analysis of transport media for isolating Shigella Lesmana, Murad; Salim, Oktavianus Ch.; Herwana, Elly; Bukitwetan, Paul; Surjawidjaja, Julius E
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.51-56

Abstract

Transport media for Shigella include buffered glycerol saline (BGS), and Cary-Blair (CB). However being a liquid medium BGS may leak or spill during transport and thus may cause contamination. The other concern is the 30% concentration of glycerol in the BGS which may be inhibitory to some susceptible Shigella species. This study was conducted to determine the best and safe transport media for Shigella. Rectal swab samples were obtained from 289 dysenteric patients and transported to the laboratory in Cary-Blair (CB) transport medium, standard buffered glycerol saline (BGS), BGS with the addition of 0.5% agar (BGS-A), and BGS with the addition of 0.5% agar and reduced glycerol to 15% (BGS-M). Recovery rates between CB, BGS, BGS-A and BGS-M and their combinations were compared. The overall prevalence of Shigella recovered from any of the four tubes was 24.9% (72/289). CB and BGS-M recovered Shigella in 54 out of 289 patients (18.7%), CB and BGS-A in 50 (17.3%), and CB and BGS in 49 (17.0%), while CB, BGS, BGS-A, and BGS-M alone gave positive Shigella in 30 (10,4%), 29 (10.0%), 34 (11.8%) and 46 (15.9%), respectively. This study suggests that a minor modification to the BGS raised the recovery rate of Shigella.
The non-compressibility ratio for accurate diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis Caecilia Marliana; A. Gunawan Santoso; Santosa Santosa
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.126-132

Abstract

BACKGROUNDAccurate identification of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is critical,as untreated cases can be fatal. It is well established that the specificity of the clinical signs and symptoms of DVT is low. Therefore, clinicians rely on additional tests to make this diagnosis. There are three modalities for DVT diagnosis; clinical scoring, laboratory investigations, and radiology. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation of plasma D-dimer concentration with the ultrasonographic non-compressibility ratio in patients with DVT in the lower extremities.METHODSThis research was a cross-sectional observational study. The sample comprised 25 subjects over 30 years of age with clinically diagnosed DVT in the lower extremities. In all subjects, D-dimer determination using latex enhanced turbidimetric test was performed, as well as ultrasonographic non-compressibility ratio assessment of the lower extremities. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation at significance level of 0.05.RESULTSMean plasma D-dimer concentration was 2953.00 ± 2054.44 μg/L. The highest mean non-compressibility ratio (59.96 ± 35.98%) was found in the superficial femoral vein and the lowest mean non-compressibility ratio (42.68 ± 33.71%) in the common femoral vein. There was a moderately significant correlation between plasma D-dimer level and non-compressibility ratio in the popliteal vein (r=0.582; p=0.037). In the other veins of the lower extremities, no significant correlation was found.CONCLUSIONThe sonographic non-compressibility ratio is an objective test for quick and accurate diagnosis of lower extremity DVT and for evaluation of DVT severity.
Risk factors of intracranial stenosis among older adults with acute ischemic stroke Pinzon, Rizaldy; Asanti, Laksmi; Sugianto, Sugianto; Widyo, Kriswanto
Universa Medicina Vol 28, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2009.v28.1-7

Abstract

Intracranial large artery atherosclerosis is an important cause of stroke worldwide. Previous studies have shown that it is found more commonly in Asians. However, studies of intracranial stenosis in Indonesian stroke patients have been very few in number. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the frequency and risk factors of intracranial stenosis in acute ischemic stroke. The data were obtained from 234 consecutive patients in the transcranial doppler (TCD) registry. Documentation of risk factors was performed systematically and for TCD sonography TD-DOP 9000 equipment with a 2-MHz probe was used for the examination of the intracranial circulation. The criteria of middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis used in this study were a peak systolic velocity (PSV) >140 cm/s or mean systolic velocity (MSV) >80 cm/s. For stenosis of the posterior circulation the criteria were PSV > 90 cm/s or MSV >60 cm/s. The data were obtained from 234 patients, and complete examinations were performed in 182 patients (77.7%). Ischemic stroke is the most common indication for performing TCD sonography. Stenosis was present in 38% of cases, with stenosis iof the anterior circulation being the more common. The most frequent risk factors were hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Intracranial stenosis is common in stroke patients, in whom the risk factors are hypertension and diabetes.
Protective effects of Nigella sativa against 7,12-dimethylbenz [á] anthracene (DMBA) induced carcinogenesis in rats Nur Fatmi Alisah; Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh; Heny Ekowati
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.88-95

Abstract

BackgroundLiver cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Recently, natural products have been widely used as an alternative therapy for liver cancer. Previous studies have reported that Nigella sativa has chemopreventive activity in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a chloroform extract of Nigella sativa seeds (NSS) on female rat hepatocytes after administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz [á] anthracene (DMBA). MethodsThe experimental design comprised five groups of rats. Group I (DBMA control group) received oral DMBA at a dosage of 20 mg/kgBW twice weekly for five weeks, while group V (solvent control group) was given corn oil only. The other three groups received DMBA + NSS at dosages of 250 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW, and 750 mg/kgBW, respectively. Each group consisted 12 rats. The NSS extract dissolved in corn oil was administered daily by the oral route for 2 weeks before and subsequenyly during DMBA tumor induction. At the end of the study, rat livers were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and silver staining by the the AgNOR method. ResultsThere was a difference in liver tissue histopathological profile between the NSS, DMBA control, and the solvent control group. AgNOR counts in the DMBA control group, the DMBA+NSS 250 mg/kgBW group, DMBA+NSS 500 mg/kgBW group, and DMBA+NSS 750 mg/kgBW group were 1.79, 1.51, 1.41, and 1.35, respectively. ConclusionNigella sativa seed extract was able to reduce the liver damage and proliferation in rats induced by DMBA administration.
Nepenthes rafflesiana pitcher liquid has antifungal activity against Candida spp. Hanna Yolanda; Ingrid M. Makahinda; Maureen Aprilia; Nikki Sanjaya; Harry Gunawan; Rita Dewi
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.83-90

Abstract

BACKGROUNDTo develop new effective antifungals, it is essential to search for antifungal compounds from plants such as Nepenthes spp., which have their greatest diversity in Indonesia. Since chitin-induced liquid (CIL) from Nepenthes khasiana pitchers has antifungal activity, due to their naphthoquinone content, this study aimed to evaluate antifungal activity of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitcher liquids on Candida spp.METHODSCollected pitcher liquids were of 3 types: non-induced liquid (NIL), prey-induced liquid (PIL), and chitin-induced liquid (CIL). Non-induced liquid (NIL) was collected from fresh naturally opened pitchers, PIL from opened pitchers after 3 hours of induction with Zophobas morio larvae, and CIL from closed pitchers after 5 days of chitin solution injection. The antifungal activity of the liquids against C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis were detected by disc diffusion and macrodilution methods.RESULTSInhibition zone diameters of NIL, PIL, and CIL against C. albicans were 35.00 (35.00 – 39.33) mm, 26.33 (23.00 – 40.00) mm, and 30.00 ( 28.00 – 32.00) mm, respectively, while for C. glabrata the zone diameters were 22.22 ± 3.66 mm, 29.89 ± 2.79 mm, and 28.89 ± 1.17 mm, respectively. No inhibition zones were found for NIL, PIL, and CIL against C. krusei and C. tropicalis. At concentrations of 80%, almost all samples showed visually apparent inhibition of fungal growth.CONCLUSIONThe pitcher liquid of N. rafflesiana has antifungal properties, presumably due to the presence of many potentially active substances, such as naphthoquinones, as has been proven in other studies.

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