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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
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Articles 1,050 Documents
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UJI EFEK ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAGING BUAH LABU KUNING (Cucurbita moschata D.) TERHADAP EDEMA PADA TELAPAK KAKI TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus novergicus) Senewe, Merry; Yamlean, Paulina V.Y; Wiyono, Weny
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 1 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.1016

Abstract

ABSTRACT Inflamation is a protective response of body from injury of cell.Edema is an indication of inflammation.Pumpkin pericarp contains of flavonoid which has potency to decrease edema.The aims of this research were to study antiinflamation effect of ethanolic extract of pumpkin pericarp (Cucurbita moschata D.) with concentration 5, 10 and 20%on edema of white rat legs strain wistar.The subjects in this research were 15 white male rat strain wistar which divided into 5 groups, namely negative control (CMC),  positive control (Piroksikam) and extract group with concentration 5, 10 and 20%.Induction of 5% of chicken albumin on rats left leg lead to edema formation, followed with induction of CMC, Piroksikam solution and extractper oral. Measurement of edema volume was done using plestimometer, and observation of edema were made every 6 hours. The result shows that there were significant administration effects of pumpkin pericarp extract with concentration 5 and 10%. As a conclusion, ethanol extract of pumpkin pericarp exhibit potency to decrease edema.
UJI EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KUCING-KUCINGAN (Acalypha Indica L.) TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus novergicus) Kawatu, Cheryl; Bodhi, Widdhi; Mongi, Jeane
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 1 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.1017

Abstract

ABSTRACT The cooperleaf herb (Acalypha indica L.) is a plant which is used as a traditional medicine. The cooperleaf herb leave is a part of the plant to use for decreasing the blood sugar level. The aimed of this research is to know the giving effect of the cooperleaf herb leave ethanol extract to the blood sugar level of strain wistar white male mice which is inducted by sucrose. Fifteen strain wistar white male mice are divided into five treatment groups namely negative control group, positive control group, the group of the cooperleaf herb leave extract with doses 3,15 g extract/ kg body weight, 6,3 g extract/ kg body weight, and 12,6 g extract/ kg body weight. The data obtained from the examination  by sucrose and at 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes after gave treatment. The data are analyzed by using One Way ANOVA and to be continued with LSD test for seeing the differentiation between the treatments. The result of this research show the cooperleaf herb leave ethanol extract with with doses 3,15 g extract/ kg body weight, 6,3 g extract/ kg body weight, and 12,6 g extract/ kg body weight have the effect to decrease the blood sugar level of strain wistar white male mice.
KANDUNGAN FLAVONOID DAN KAPASITAS ANTIOKSIDAN TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BINAHONG [Anredera cordifolia(Ten.)Steenis.] Selawa, Widya; Runtuwene, Max R J; Citraningtyas, Gayatri
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 1 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.1018

Abstract

ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to determineflavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity of  Ethanolic extract of Binahong Leaf[Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis]. Total flavonoid were evaluated using Chang (2002) method, identification of flavonoid using thin layer chromatography and color reaction. Evaluation of antioxidant activity using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. The results shows that ethanolic extract of Binahong leaf possess total flavonoids 11,266 mg/kg (fresh) and 7,687 mg/kg (dry). Flavonoids contain in both extracts were flavonols group. Ethanolic extract of Binahong possess total antioxidant 4,25 mmol/100g (fresh) and 3,68 mmol/100g (dry). Keywords: total flavonoids, total antioxidant, ferric reducing antioxidant power,Anredera cordifolia Steenis.
PERBEDAAN EFEKTIVITAS OBAT KUMUR ANTISEPTIK BERALKOHOL DAN NON ALKOHOL DALAM MENURUNKAN AKUMULASI PLAK Talumewo, Marcella
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10184

Abstract

PERBEDAAN EFEKTIVITAS OBAT KUMUR ANTISEPTIK BERALKOHOL DAN NON ALKOHOL DALAM MENURUNKAN AKUMULASI PLAK Marcella Talumewo1), Christy Mintjelungan1), Mona Wowor1) 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran, UNSRAT   ABSTRACT The common factor which causes dental and mouth diseases is a thinned layer name dental plaque. The best way to prevent the accumulation of plaque. The plaqueis chemically controlled by using mouthash is in indispensable to help the work of cleaning the oral cavity instead of replacing it. The purpose of this research is to know the difference in the activity of alcohol antiseptic and  non alcohol of mouthwash in lowering the accumulation of plaques.This study is experimental with pretest and posttest controlled group design. The population in this study are students of Dental Education, Faculty of Medicine, the existing class of 2011 numbered 128 students, but the sample used in this research are 40 people who had inclusion criteria, each divided into two treatment groups. The results shows that there are differences in the effectiveness of antiseptic mouthwash alcoholic and non alcoholic in reducing the accumulation of plaque which is based on statistical test unpaired t-test p value <0.05. Key word: moutwash alcohol antiseptic, moutwash  non alcohol, the plaque     ABSTRAK Faktor umum yang menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit gigi dan mulut ialah lapisan tipis yang dinamakan plak gigi. Cara terbaik untuk mencegah akumulasi plak, yaitu dengan melakukan kontrol plak. Kontrol plak secara kimiawi dengan penggunaan obat kumur sangat diperlukan untuk membantu kerja pembersihan rongga mulut secara mekanis bukan mengganti. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas obat kumur antiseptik beralkohol dan non alkohol dalam menurunkan akumulasi plak. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest and posttest controlled grup design. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran angkatan 2011 yang ada berjumlah 128 mahasiswa, namun sampel penelitian yang digunakan berjumlah 40 orang yang memiliki kriteria inklusi, masing masing dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan efektivitas obat kumur antiseptik beralkohol dan non alkohol dalam menurunkan akumulasi plak dimana berdasarkan Uji statistik T-test tidak berpasangan didapatkan nilai p<0,05.   Kata Kunci: Obat Kumur beralkohol, obat kumur non alkohol, plak  
UJI EFEKTIFITAS PERASAN AIR JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia S) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO Lauma, Sartika W.
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10185

Abstract

UJI EFEKTIFITAS PERASAN AIR JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia S) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO Sartika Widia Lauma1), Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan2), Bernart S.P Hutagalung1) 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran,UNSRAT 2)Bagian Fisiologi Fakultas Kedokteran, UNSRAT ABSTRACT Most of Indonesian people have been using herbal plants as alternative materials of traditional medicine. One of those natural materials is lime (Citrus aurantifolia, S). Lime contains beneficial chemical compound elements, just like citric acid, amino acid, and essential oil. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the cause of abscess. Dental abscess is a swelling which contains viscous liquid and yellowish pus that appears on teeth and gums. The result of this study is to acknowledge whether lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia, S) is effective to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study is an experimental study with the modification of Kirby-bauer method by using filter paper. Staphylococcus aureus is a pure bacteria stocks that has been bred. The result of this study shows that the wide-scale of the inhibition zone average of lime juice to Staphylococcus aureus is 735.13 mm2. The statistic calculation result by using Independent T-test is p=0.036 with significance p<0.05 which means that H1 is accepted because there is a meaningful difference between the lime juice group and the control group. This study can conclude that lime juice is effective to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.   Keywords: Lime (Citrus Aurantifolia, S), Staphylococcus aureus. ABSTRAK Masyarakat Indonesia telah banyak menggunakan tanaman herbal sebagai alternatif bahan obat tradisional. Salah satu bahan alami ialah jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia, S). Jeruk nipis  mengandung unsur-unsur senyawa kimia yang bemanfaat, seperti asam sitrat, asam amino, minyak atsiri,. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya abses. Abses gigi merupakan pembengkakan yang berisi nanah cairan kental dan kekuningan yang terjadi pada gigi dan ginggiva. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui apakah perasan air jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia,S) efektif terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan metode modifikasi Kirby-bauer menggunakan kertas saring. Perasan air jeruk nipis murni. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri stok murni yang telah dibiakkan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata luas zona hambat perasan air jeruk nipis terhadap Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 735,13 mm² . Hasil perhitungan statistik dengn uji Independent T-test diketahui p=0,036 dengan signifikansi p < 0.05 maka H1 diterima karena terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok perasan air jeruk nipis dan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perasan air jeruk nipis memilik efek antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Kata Kunci : Jeruk Nipis (Citrus Aurantifolia,S), Staphylococcus aureus.    
UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera Cordifolia Steenis) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Streptococcus mutans SECARA IN VITRO Rimporok, Silvana
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10186

Abstract

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK  DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera Cordifolia Steenis) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Streptococcus mutans SECARA IN VITRO Silvana Rimporok1), Billy J. Kepel2), Krista V. Siagian1) 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran, UNSRAT 2)Bagian Fakultas kedokteran, UNSRAT   ABSTRACT Herbal plants in Indonesia has been mostly used as traditional medicines. One of the natural materials is Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia Steenis). Binahong leaf contains active compunds which are flavonoid, terpenoid, alkanoid, saponin. The major Oral health problem is tooth caries. Tooth caries is a localized pathology process after eruption and caused by the role of pathogens Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The purpose of this study is to acknowledge whether the Binahong leaf can effectively inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This research is an experimental research with post test only control design based on the Kirby-bauer modification method by using filter papers. Binahong leaf extract is obtained by maceration method with solvent of 96% ethanol. Streptococcus mutans is taken from the pure bacteria stock in Medical Faculty Microbiology Laboratorium of Sam Ratulangi University Manado. The result of this research shows that the extensive of Binahong leaf inhibitor zone to Streptococcus Mutans is 8,3 mm. By this research, it can be concluded that Binahong leaf extract has an antibacterial effect to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The result of this research can be an idea for advanced research in the future about Binahong leaf extract and can be a useful information and knowledge for societies.   Key words: Binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia), Streptococcus mutans ABSTRAK Tanaman herbal di Indonesia telah banyak digunakan sebagai bahan obat tradisional. Salah satu bahan alami ialah Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia Steenis). Daun binahong memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif yang antara lain flavonoid, terpenoid, alkanoid, saponin. Masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang paling menonjol saat ini masalah penyakit karies gigi. Karies gigi adalah proses patologi pasca erupsi yang terlokalisasi yang salah satu penyebabnya diakibatkan karena peran dari bakteri pathogen Streptococcus mutans.Tujuan penelitian  untuk mengetahui apakah antibakteri daun binahong  efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan desain post test only control design dengan menggunakan metode modifikasi Kirby-bauer menggunakan kertas saring. Ekstrak daun binahong diperoleh dengan metode maserasi  menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Bakteri Streptococcus mutans diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata diameter zona hambat ekstrak daun binahong terhadap Streptococcus mutans sebesar 8,3 mm2 . Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun binahong  memiliki efek antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukan agar dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai efektivitas daun binahong sehingga dapat  memberikan informasi dan sumber pengetahuan  kepada masyarakat. Kata kunci: Daun Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia Steenis), Streptococcus mutans
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK BUAH MENGKUDU (M. citrifolia, L) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Streptococcus mutans SECARA IN VITRO Malinggas, Feibe
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10187

Abstract

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK BUAH MENGKUDU (M. citrifolia, L) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Streptococcus mutans SECARA IN VITRO Feibe Malinggas1), D.H.C. Pangemanan2), Ni Wayan Mariati1) 1)Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi 2) Bagian Fisiologi Fakultas Kedokteran, UNSRAT     ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans is a bacteria wich exist in mouth and have an most important bacteria in the process of forming tooth caries. As the development of ages continue, there are already a lot of studies for antibiotic to inhibit Streptococcus mutans growth,but there are also a lot of antibiotics wich already resistant to this bacteria. Therefore, many scientists has started using natural plants instead of antibiotics. One of the natural plants that contains active elements as antibacteria, anticancer and analgetic, that is Noni fruit (M. citrifolia, L).The purpose of this study is toacknowledge the inhibition power from noni fruit extract to Streptococcus mutans growth. This study is a laboratorium experimental study with post test only control group design and is done at Pharmacy Laboratorium of Science Faculty Sam Ratulangi University on July 2015.From the result, it is known that the average inhibit  zone diameter of noni fruit is 20,41 mm and the positive control clindamycin is 29,58 mm, the negative control aquades has no inhibition zone. The inhibition zone extensive of noni fruit extract is 330,66 mm2, positive control clindamycin is 689,88 mm2, and negative control aquades is 0,00 mm2. From this study, it can be concluded that noni fruit extract can inhibit Streptococcus mutans growth. Keywords : Streptococcus mutans, caries, noni fruit extract, antibacterial.   ABSTRAK Streptoccocus mutans merupakan bakteri yang terdapat dalam rongga mulut dan mempunyai peran penting dalam proses terjadinya karies gigi. Seiring dengan berkembangnya zaman sudah banyak penelitian yang menggunakan antibiotik untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptoccocus mutans, namun sudah banyak antibiotik yang resisten terhadap bakteri ini. Oleh karena itu banyak peneliti mulai menggunakan tumbuhan alami sebagai pengganti antibiotik. Salah satu tanaman alami yang mengandung senyawa aktif sebagai antibakteri, yaitu buah mengkudu (M. citrifolia. L).Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui adanya daya hambat dari ekstrak buah mengkudu terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium menggunakan rancangan post test only control group design dan dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado pada bulan Juli 2015.Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai rerata diameter zona hambat ekstrak buah mengkudu sebesar 20,41 mm, kontrol positif clindamycin sebesar 29,58 mm sedangkan kontrol negatif akuades tidak memiliki zona hambat. Nilai rerata luas zona hambat ekstrak buah mengkudu sebesar 330,66 mm2, kontrol positif clindamycin sebesar 689,88 mm2 dan kontrol negatif akuades sebesar 0,00 mm2. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak buah mengkudu dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Kata kunci :Streptococcus mutans, Karies, Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu, Antibakteri.  
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus L) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO Manaroinsong, Andre
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10188

Abstract

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus L) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO Andre Manaroinsong 1), Jemmy Abidjulu2), Krista V. Siagian1) 1) Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran 2)Fakultas MIPA, UNSRAT Abstract Herbal plants in Indonesia has been mostly used as a traditional medicine. One of the natural materials is pineapple plant (Ananas comosus L). Pineapple plants contain bromelain enzyme which is trusted as bactericidal. One of the oral health problems found is oral abcess. Abcess is a local accumulation of pus in a cavity which happens because of pyogenic bactery infection. One of the cautions of abcess is Staphylococcus aureus bactery. The purpose of this study to determine the inhibition of skin and meat of the pineapple on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This research is an experimental research using the post-test only control group design with modification method of Kirby-Bauer by using paper disk. Pinapple skin extract and pinapple meat can be obtained with maceration method with etanol 96% solvent. Staphylococcus aureus is taken from a pure stock of farmacy laboratorium MIPA faculty Unsrat. Results of this study addressing the pineapple meat and skin extracts have inhibitory to growth of Stapylococcus aureus. The average diameter zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus pineapple skin of 15.06 mm and pineapple meat of 10.85 mm. From this study it can be concluded that the extract of pineapple skin have inhibitory bigger than meat pineapple but still less effective than the positive control Clindamycin. The results could be used as insert in order to conduct further research on the pineapple in inhibiting bacteria Staphylococcus aureus as a cause abscesses in the oral cavity. Keywords: pineapple (Ananas comosus L), Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRAK Tanaman herbal di Indonesia telah banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Salah satu bahan alami adalah tanaman Nanas (Ananas comosus L). tanaman nanas memiliki kandungan enzim bromelain yang dipercaya dapat membunuh bakteri. Salah satu masalah kesehatan rongga mulut yang sering ditemukan adalah abses rongga mulut, abses adalah pengumpulan nanas secara lokal dalam suatu kavitas yang terjadi karena hancurnya jaringan, biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri piogenik. Salah satu penyebab abses ialah dari infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui daya hambat kulit dan daging nanas terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan desain post-test only control group design dengan menggunakan metode modifikasi Kirby-Bauer menggunakan kertas saring. Ekstrak kulit nanas didapat dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Bakteri Stapylococcus aureus diambil dari stok murni Laboratorium farmasi Fakultas MIPA Unsrat. Hasil penelitian ini menujukan ekstrak kulit dan daging nanas memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Stapylococcus aureus. Rata-rata diameter zona hambat ekstrak kulit nanas terhadap Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 15,06 mm dan daging nanas sebesar 10,85 mm. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kulit nanas memiliki daya hambat yang lebih besar daripada daging nanas tetapi masih kurang besar dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif Clindamycin. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukkan agar dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai nanas dalam menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus sebagai penyebab abses dalam rongga mulut. Kata kunci: tanaman nanas (Ananas comosus L), Staphylococcus aureus  
GAMBARAN LESI YANG DIDUGA LEUKOPLAKIA AKIBAT KEBIASAAN MEROKOK PADA SOPIR Wijaya, Richard E.
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10189

Abstract

GAMBARAN LESI YANG DIDUGA LEUKOPLAKIA AKIBAT KEBIASAAN MEROKOK PADA SOPIR Richard E. Wijaya1), Damajanty H.C Pangemanan2), Christy Mintjelungan1) 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran, UNSRAT 2)Bagian Fisiologi Fakultas Kedokteran, UNSRAT ABSTRACT Smoking is a habit that is bad for health. Smoking can cause changes in the soft tissues of the oral cavity such as leukoplakia. This custom comes from a variety of social class, status, as well as different age groups, one of which is the driver. The aim of this study was to describe the alleged leukoplakia lesions due to smoking habits on the driver. This research method is descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample in the study were smokers among the driver, the sampling technique is total sampling with a total sample of 35 people.The results showed all respondents look for suspected lesions of leukoplakia. Incident allegedly leukoplakia lesions most often found in subjects with smoking duration > 20 years as many as 22 people (62.8%). Incident allegedly leukoplakia lesions most often found in subjects who smoked 10-20 stems per day as many as 19 people (54.2%). Keywords: Smoking, Leukoplakia   ABSTRAK Kebiasaan merokok merupakan suatu kebiasaan yang berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan. Merokok dapat menyebabkan perubahan jaringan lunak dalam rongga mulut seperti leukoplakia. Kebiasaan ini berasal dari berbagai kelas sosial, status, serta kelompok umur berbeda, salah satunya ialah sopir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui gambaran timbulnya lesi yang diduga leukoplakia akibat kebiasaan merokok pada sopir. Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan Cross-sectional study. Sampel dalam penetian ini adalah perokok dikalangan sopir, teknik pengambilan sampel secara Total sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 35 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada seluruh responden terlihat adanya lesi yang diduga leukoplakia. Kejadian lesi yang diduga leukoplakia paling banyak dijumpai pada subjek dengan lama merokok >20 tahun sebanyak 22 orang (62,8%). Kejadian lesi yang diduga leukoplakia paling banyak dijumpai pada subjek yang merokok 10-20 batang perhari sebanyak 19 orang (54,2%). Kata kunci: Kebiasaan merokok, Leukoplakia      
EFEKTIVITAS PERASAN DAUN PEPAYA TERHADAP JUMLAH OSTEOBLAS PASCA PENCABUTAN GIGI PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN Koraag, Jordy R.
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10190

Abstract

EFEKTIVITAS PERASAN DAUN PEPAYA TERHADAP JUMLAH OSTEOBLAS PASCA PENCABUTAN GIGI PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN Jordy Randi Koraag1), Michael A. Leman1), Krista V. Siagian1) 1)Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi, UNSRAT     ABSTRACT Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the plants that grow in Indonesia. Papaya leaves contain vitamin C that is 140 ml in 100 g. Vitamin C can accelerate the process of wound healing after tooth extraction because it has the ability to stimulate the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of papaya leaf juice to increase the number of osteoblast cells. This research is an experimental research design Labolatoris with post test only control group design. Papaya leaves taken in the garden area of Tomohon. This research was conducted on laboratory Pathology Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi using 10 male Wistar rats. The results showed the average number of osteoblast cells in the control group with a value of 5.6 fewer than the average number of osteoblast cells in the treatment group with a value of 11. The results of this study can be concluded that the juice of papaya leaves has the effectiveness of the increase in cell number of osteoblasts after tooth extraction in male wistar rat.   Keyword : leaves of papaya (Carica papaya L.), osteoblasts, tooth extraction, male Wistar rat. ABSTRAK Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia. Daun pepaya memiliki kandungan vitamin C yaitu 140 ml dalam 100 g. Vitamin C dapat mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka pasca pencabutan gigi karena memiliki kemampuan dalam merangsang pertumbuhan dan diferensiasi osteoblas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas perasan daun pepaya terhadap peningkatan jumlah sel osteoblast. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental Labolatoris dengan desain post test only control group design. Daun pepaya diambil diperkebunan daerah Tomohon. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada labolatorium Patologi Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado dengan menggunakan 10 ekor tikus wistar jantan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan jumlah rata-rata sel osteoblast pada kelompok kontrol lebih sedikit dengan nilai 5,6 dibandingkan dengan jumlah rata-rata sel osteoblast pada kelompok perlakuan dengan nilai 11. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perasan daun pepaya memiliki efektivitas terhadap peningkatan jumlah sel osteoblast pasca pencabutan gigi pada tikus wistar jantan.   Kata kunci: daun papaya (Carica papaya L.), osteoblast, pencabutan gigi, tikus wistar jantan.        

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