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The decomposition and efficiency of NPK-enriched biochar addition on Ultisols with soybean Sugeng Winarso; Marga Mandala; Hari Sulistiyowati; Sukron Romadhona; Bambang Hermiyanto; Wachju Subchan
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

This research aims to compare fresh biochar and NPK-enriched biochar and their decomposition levels and nutrient absorption efficiency in acid soil with soybean. Factorial randomized block design was used in this experiment and consisted of two factors. The first factor, biochar source, comprised four levels: B0: biochar without NPK, B1: rice straw biochar + NPK, B2: soybean straw biochar + NPK, and B3: wood biochar + NPK. The second factor, biochar enrichment, comprised four levels: D1: 0.5 tons ha-1, D2: 2.5 tons ha-1, D3: 5.0 tons ha-1, and D4: 10 tons ha-1. Each treatment was replicated three times, yielding 48 experiment units. The results showed that biochar enrichment with NPK affected the decomposition level. The percentage of increasing decomposition in enriched wood biochar (0.09%) was lower than rice (0.28%) and soybean (0.53%) straw biochar. An increase in NPK absorbance efficiency and soybean dry weight was evident in NPK-enriched biochar. The highest N absorbance efficiency occurred in wood biochar (21%), followed by soybean and rice straw biochar, respectively, while the highest P and K absorbances were found in rice straw biochar (35% and 26%, respectively), followed by wood and then soybean biochar.

Agriculture versus climate change – A narrow staple-based rural livelihood of Papua New Guinea is a threat to survival under climate change Patrick S. Michael
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

This paper presents a synthesis related to the assessment of climate change and its impacts on productivity of staple crops in Papua New Guinea (PNG), paying close attention to the change in population in the next 80 years. As much as the changes in the climatic and environmental factors will affect agriculture, evidence available in the literature show increase in global and local population will put additional pressure on agriculture by competing with available land and other resources that support agricultural productivity. The developing and underdeveloped countries are considered to be largely vulnerable as more than 85% of the people depend on subsistence agriculture for rural livelihood. This synthesis showed more than 60–85% of the rural people in PNG depend on sweet potato, banana, Colocasia taro, and greater yam. Projection of the population showed there will be 22–31 million people by 2100 and will depend on narrow staple-based subsistence agriculture. The population projected means the density will be 42 people per km2, putting more pressure on limited land available. When that happens, PNG will not be prepared to mitigate, be resilient and adapt because of poor infrastructure, no development plans and lack of post-harvest technologies for loss management of the staples, most of which are root and tuber crops.

Phosphorus availability as affected by the application of organic amendments in Ultisols Zainal Muktamar; Lifia Lifia; Teguh Adiprasetyo
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

The adequacy and availability of phosphorous (P) in the soil during the organic matter decomposition are important for plant growth, especially in the early stages since most organic matter slowly release plant nutrients. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the availability of P during organic amendments in Ultisols. The incubation experiment used a completely Randomized Design (CRD) for 7 treatments which consisted of vermicompost, chicken, and cattle manure at the rate of 15 and 30 Mg ha-1. Soil and organic amendments were incorporated into a 5 kg polybag and the mixture was incubated for 7 weeks. The soil was sampled at the 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 weeks, and analyzed for P availability and pH. Also, the Total Soil Organic Carbon (TSOC), Total Soil Nitrogen (TSN), exchangeable Al, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) were analyzed from the soil sampled either at week 4 or 7. The result showed that P increased slowly in the first 3 weeks of incubation, followed by a drastic continuous increase in week 4. The experiment also confirmed that chicken manure released the highest and fastest amount of P to the soil as compared to vermicompost, and cattle manure. On average, the increment of P was 2.28, 1.71, and 1.97 mg kg-1 week-1 for chicken manure, vermicompost, and cattle manure respectively. Furthermore, the improvement of soil chemical properties was achieved using amendment as indicated by the increase in TSN, soil pH, and a decrease in exchangeable Al. The result was significant for P organic fertilization to ensure its availability for plant growth, leading to improved productivity, especially in organic farming systems.

Dryland land-use conflicts in humid tropics: an analysis using geographic information systems and land capability evaluations Risma Neswati; Sumbangan Baja; Samsu Arif; Hasni Hasni
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

This study analyses land-use conflicts in specific dryland agricultural areas in relatively dry humid tropics based on the Regional Spatial Land Use Planning Regulations and land-capability evaluation. This research was conducted in the Regency of Jeneponto, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The observation site was chosen based on several maps overlapping to produce 30 land units spread across 14 land systems in Jeneponto. This study integrates ground surveys and geographic information systems technology. The land capability analysis used a simple approach factor, according to United States Department of Agriculture definitions. The results indicate that land capability was dominated by Class IV, which covered 35,133 ha or 63.1%. Class VI covered 12,581 ha or 22.6%, Class III covered up to 4,378 ha or 7.9%, and Class VIII covered 3,130 ha or 5.6%. Class VII covered only 486 hectares, or 0.9%, the smallest area. These results indicate that the dryland area which had become a land-use conflict was delineated by Regional Spatial Land Use Planning Regulations. The drylands found in Jeneponto cover 22,214 ha or 39.9%, which has been divided into two: an area where non-dryland agriculture was converted into dryland farming (16,503 hectares, or 29.6%), and an area where dryland-farming was converted into non-agricultural dryland area (5,711 hectares, or 10.3%). Interviews with 50 farmers in the study location revealed factors that had changed agricultural dryland use into non-agricultural dryland use; lower incomes due to decreased soil fertility was a crucial factor.

Comparing the accuracy of estimating soil moisture using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) Dwi Priyo Ariyanto; Abdul Aziz; Komariah Komariah; Sumani Sumani; Magarsa Abara
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are used to monitor and identify different types of drought, including meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts. This study evaluates the accuracy of estimating soil moisture levels using the two indexes. The analysis correlated the SPI and the SPEI over three years (November 2016–October 2019) using Rstudio, with average monthly soil moisture taken using a Soil Moisture Sensor; 3-, 6- and 12-months SPI and SPEI showed a positive correlation for soil moisture (Sig <0.05), whereas 1-month SPI and SPEI results did not. A regression test was used to get an equation model for estimating soil moisture content. The correlation for soil moisture between the 1-month SPI and SPEI results was insignificant (p-value >0.05). In contrast, the 3-, 6-, and 12-months indexes were significant (p-value <0.05). Estimating soil moisture content using the SPEI (50–59.09%) had a higher accuracy value than the SPI (36.36%), which indicates the SPEI can more reliably predict soil moisture.

Carbon dioxide emission and peat hydrophobicity in tidal peatlands Siti Nurzakiah; Nur Wakhid; Anna Hairani
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Peatland describes the typology of tidal and freshwater swamplands. Peatlands are affected by tidal activity; the water level fluctuation causes the peat to dry out and then get wet, which affects the soil’s water content and carbon emissions. Additionally, mineral enrichment from river overflows affects soil fertility and peat stability. Peat stability is importantly related to the peatland management for agriculture. Functional groups in the peat, such as carboxyl and hydroxyl, are volatile and easily transform, decomposing from CHO bonds into CO2 under aerobic conditions. The characteristics of functional groups can be changed from polar to non-polar at the organic colloid surface, leading to hydrophobicity. This study evaluated carbon dioxide emissions and peat hydrophobicity. The research was conducted by survey and field sampling on two differently managed plots of peatlands: a rubber-and-pineapple intercrop plot and a traditionally-managed rubber plot. Parameters measured were CO2 flux, groundwater levels, water content, and peat hydrophobicity. Peat hydrophobicity was assessed by analyzing certain functional groups using a Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The results showed that CO2 emissions were 21.78 ± 5.44 (mg ha-1yr-1) for the rubber-and-pineapple intercrop and 19.15 ± 5.18 (mg ha-1 yr-1) for the traditionally-managed rubber plot. Peat hydrophobicity for both plots decreased with increasing soil depth, indicating that peat on the surface layer (0–50 cm) is more vulnerable to drought and fires, especially if there is no water management.

Soil properties and shallot yield responses to different salinity levels Jauhari Syamsiyah; Rahayu Rahayu; Wily Binafsihi
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Successful management of saline water could have significant potential for agricultural development in many areas, particularly in freshwater-scarce regions. To date, the effect of salinity on shallot (Allium Cepa L.) yield and growth parameters has not been studied in detail specifically for local varieties cultivated in Inceptisols. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of different levels of irrigation-water salinity (0, 1, 2, and 3 dSm-1) on soil chemical properties, the growth, and yield of local shallot varieties. The experiment was conducted in pots using a randomized plot design with two factors and three replications. The results showed that increases in salinity level affected increases soil pH, exchangeable Na percentages, and plant height growth. Nevertheless, bulb number and weight, soil exchangeable Ca and Mg, soil organic carbon, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was not significantly affected. The findings of the present study suggest that the local varieties—Brebes and Purbalingga—with irrigated salinity levels up to 3 dSm-1can be tolerated for shallot cultivation in Inceptisols.

Tin mining process and its effects on soils in Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia Sukarman Sukarman; Rachmat Abdul Gani; Asmarhansyah Asmarhansyah
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v17i2.37606

Tin mining in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province is conducted with an open-pit mining system. This paper discusses the process of tin mining and its effects on soil properties in this region. Tin mining led to the formation of accumulations in the form of (1) mixed soils from horizons A, B, and C, (2) excavated materials from the deeper levels of the pit, (3) coarse-grained tailings with quartz as a primary element, (4) tailings mixed with excavated soils, and (5) voids filled with water. After tin mining ended, the area was left with waste excavated materials, stockpiles of excavated materials or tailings, and voids, spread over an area of 124,838 ha. Overall, mining has led to significant and alarming damages to the biophysical aspects of land resources and the environment. This damage includes the deterioration of soil structure, changes in soil texture, loss of soil organic matter, and loss of soil fertility. The mining activities also caused the loss of a number of types of biota that are important to provide environmental services such as the provision of forest products, soil stability, maintaining the hydrological cycle, and carbon sequestration.

Improving nitrogen fertilizer efficiency with the addition of compost extracts to kailan (Brassica oleracea L.) plants with wick hydroponic cultivation Tri Fitriani; Darwin Habinsaran Pangaribuan; Ainin Niswati; Sri Yusnaini
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v17i2.41370

The goal of this research was to observe the impact of the application of the forms of compost extract and urea fertilizer on the development of kailan plants in the hydroponic wick method. The experiment consisted of was arranged in a completely randomized factorial design with the first element reflecting the compost type: no compost extract, cow manure compost extract, rice straw compost extract, and vermicompost extract. The second element was the use of 0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizers. The usage of vermicompost extract shows the maximum growth (59.27 cm), amount of leaves (23.00), overall plant weight (93.92 g plant-1), canopy weight (61.37 g plant-1), dried foliage weight (7.17 g plant-1), fresh root weight (33.40 g plant-1), leaf greenness (183.80 SPAD) and nutrient uptake (6.32 g plant-1). The optimal nitrogen fertilizer application was found to be 200 kg ha-1, which culminated in the maximum plant height (42.18 cm), number of leaves (17.75), overall plant weight (60.42 g plant-1), leaf greenness (166.23 SPAD) and N uptake (3.73 g plant-1). With the addition of 100 kg of urea ha-1, vermicompost extract achieved the maximum N absorption efficiency of 112.05 per cent. The use of vermicompost extract in the production of crops with a hydroponic wick method could fulfill the nutrient requirements of plants.

Effects of light intensity and co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium on root growth and nodulation of Indigofera tinctoria Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti; Djoko Purnomo; Supriyono Supriyono; Bambang Pujiasmanto; Desy Setyaningrum
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v17i2.40065

Indigofera tinctoria is a legume that is cultivated as a source of natural indigo dyes. As a legume, Indigofera tinctoria is capable of symbiosis with soil microbes. This study evaluates the effects of light intensity and microbial inoculation on root growth and nodulation. The study used a complete randomized block design with a split-plot pattern. Light intensity was the main plot with four levels of light intensity 100%, 50%, 25%, and 10%. Microbial inoculation was a subplot with four levels without inoculation, mycorrhizae inoculation, rhizobium inoculation, and double inoculation with both mycorrhizae and rhizobium. The results obtained show that light intensity and microbial inoculation affected root length, root fresh weight, root biomass, and the number of nodules. 50% light intensity was optimum for root length, while 100% light intensity was optimum for root fresh weight, root biomass, and a number of nodules. Root growth and nodulation were further increased with double inoculation. The combination of light intensity and microbial inoculation affected root biomass and nodulation. The combination of 100% light intensity and double inoculation resulted in the highest root biomass and nodule numbers. Mycorrhizae and rhizobium have a synergistic relationship to nodulation and root growth. Double inoculation with mycorrhizae and rhizobium efficiently increased root biomass and the number of nodules under low or high light intensity.

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Jawa tengah

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