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ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 14124092     EISSN : 24434183     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia is a chemistry journal published by Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia publishes original research articles or review articles in organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 224 Documents
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CALCINATION ON Ca-Mg-Al HYDROTALCITE FROM BRINE WATER AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION Eddy Heraldy; Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas; Heriyanto Heriyanto
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 13, No 2 (2017): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.13.2.5606.205-216

Abstract

The study of calcination at 450 ºC on Ca-Mg-Al-hydrotalcite synthesized from brine water has been investigated. Characterization by XRD shows that Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compound has found hydrotalcite phase and another phase such as Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 and CaCO3. These results are confirmed by the presence of hydroxyl groups (-O-H), M-O and M-OH groups (M is Mg, Ca and Al) at wavenumber region around     3463,34 cm-1; 447,50 cm-1; 536,62 cm-1and 786,99 cm-1. The calcination on Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite at 450 ºC affected change in the structure become a metal oxide such as MgO, CaO, Al2O3, MgAl2O4, and CaCO3. These results are confirmed from decreasing on the absorption peak of M-OH group at wavenumbers around 536,62 cm-1and 786,99 cm-1 and widening of the absorption region at 447,5 - 857,4 cm-1. Consequently, the calcination treatment successfully increased the surface area of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compounds from 97.4 m2/g to 156.826 m2/g. Morphology of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite underwent changes the shape from a big to be a small form. Thermal analysis results showed changes in the structure of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite into oxides begin at a temperature of 210 ºC and become oxide completely after the temperature reaches 420 ºC.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ANANIXANTHONE FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF ROOT BARK OF SLATRI (Calophyllum soulattri) (CLUSIACEAE)) Dindha Ramah Mulia; Nestri Wulandari; Muhammad Widyo Wartono
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 10, No 2 (2014): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.10.2.56.130-136

Abstract

A  xanthone,  named  ananixanthone  (1)  has  been  isolated  and  identified  from  the  ethyl acetate  extract of the root barks of  Calophyllum soulattri. Structure of the compound was determined based on spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, NMR 1D, NMR 2D and by comparison with references.
USE OF BATTERY CARBON AS ELECTRODES IN ARC DISCHARGE METHOD FOR FABRICATION OF CARBON-MODIFIED TIO2. Isya Fitria Andhika; Carissa Hertiningtyas; Ardian Aji; Alifia Desy; Teguh Endah Saraswati; Patiha Patiha
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 10, No 2 (2014): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.10.2.542.186-194

Abstract

Fabrication with carbon-modified TiO2 by arc  discharge  method  in  liquid  medium has  been  studied.  This  research  was  performed  in  two  steps  including  fabrication  and characterization.  This  fabrication  was  done  by  arcdischarge  method  with  graphite electrodes from dry cell batteries and liquid medium suspension of TiO2 in ethanol 30, 50 and  70  %.  A  strong  current  was  applied  to  electrode  as  10 -50  A  (20-40  V). Nanocomposites formed  on  the  liquid  medium  surface  were  collected  and  characterized using X-ray  diffraction (XRD),scanning  electron  microscope (SEM)  dan energy  dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to determine crystallinity, surface morphology and the constituent elements, respectively.  XRD  data  shows  that the  most  effective  fabrication  TiO2/Karbon by  liquid medium in ethanol 50  %  indicated  from  the formation of a new peak with high intensity  of TiC on 2Ɵ= 36.02 °. SEM data shows that the morphology of each aggregated TiO2/Karbon  compared  to  the  morphology  of  TiO2. In  addition,  EDS  data  shows  the presence of the element carbon, titanium and oxygen  in the same area  indicating that the successful formation of composite material between TiO2 dan carbon.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF GLUCOSE SENSOR BASED ON SiO2-CuO MATERIALS USING SCREEN PRINTED CARBON ELECTRODE (SPCE) Intan Frina Utamiyanti; Barlah Rumhayati; Ani Mulyasuryani
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 12, No 1 (2016): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.12.1.942.50-60

Abstract

The development of material-based glucose sensor SiO2-CuO using Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) had been done. Three types of materials were used to detect glucose, i.e Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT)-SiO2-CuO, SiO2-CuO (A) dan SiO2-CuO (B). The differences composition of SiO2-CuO(A) and SiO2-CuO(B) occurred during the addition of NaOH in synthesis process of SiO2-CuO (B). The prepared materials were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry method and chrono-amperometry. Cyclic voltammetry analysis was conducted at a potential range of -1.0 - 1.5 V with Ag/AgCl as reference electrode. The scan rate was 100 mV/sec and the potential was varied at (-0.6), (-0.5) and (-0.4) V, in which the duration of each analysis was 5 second. Based on the result of analysis, whether by SEM, cyclic voltammetry and chrono-amperometry, the SiO2-CuO (B) was found to be the best material for detection of glucose.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHALCONE DERIVATIVES FROM Kaempferia pandurata RHIZOMES AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATE BACTERIA Soerya Dewi Marliyana; Yana Maolana Syah; Didin - Mujahidin
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 13, No 1 (2017): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.13.1.4232.41-51

Abstract

In vitro antibacterial activity of chalcone derivatives from “temu kunci” (K. pandurta) rhizomes against clinical isolate bacteria has been done. Two chalcone derivatives, panduratin A (1) and 4-hydroxypanduratin A (2) were isolated from Kaempferia pandurata rhizomes. Isolation of the chemical components were done with extraction (maceration), vacuum liquid chromatography and radial chromatography methods. The structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1D and 2D), then compare with data from literatures. Antibacterial activity was carried out with reference to the CLSI microdilution method, against eight clinical isolate bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentriae and Vibrio cholerae. Compounds 1 and 2 showed significant antibacterial activity with highest activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC values of 2.4 to 18.8 µg/mL and MBC values of 4.8 to 37.5 µg/mL. These results showed these compounds as potential antibacterial agent for clinical isolate bacteria.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPE FERMENTATION TIME ON THE TOTAL PHENOLIC AND ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN CONTENTS Kiki Fransiska Suharto; Hartati Soetjipto; Yohanes Martono
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 13, No 2 (2017): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.13.2.5094.228-238

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate total phenolic compounds and isoflavone genistein contents during 0 - 9 days of fermentation time. Isoflavone extract were obtained by maceration and fractionation. Total phenolic compounds were measured by Folin ciocalteau method, meanwhile, the isoflavone genistein contents were analyzed by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The yield of isoflavone extract and the total phenolic compounds were analyzed using a randomized completely block design and the mean between treatments was compared by the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test using significance level of 5 %. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds during the incubation time was obtained on 4 days of fermentation time, i.e., 232.05n ± 7.71 μg/g, while the highest content of isoflavone genistein was obtained on 5 days of fermentation time, i.e., 100.48 μg/g. This research confirms that the fermentation process of tempe induces the total phenolic contents and the production of isoflavone genistein is fluctuating.
Optimasi Pretreatment melalui Metode Hydrothermal Pressure dan Pelarut Alkali pada Produksi Bioetanol dari Lemna minor Abdur Rahman Arif; Andi Evi Erviani; Hasnah Natsir; Ilham Haidir; Maudy Audina Affandy
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 14, No 1 (2018): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.14.1.15986.95-106

Abstract

Produk bioetanol dengan bahan dasar biomassa lignoselulosa perlahan banyak dikembangkan sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Tantangan utama dalam produksi lignoselulosa etanol berada pada tahap pretreatment. Pretreatment merupakan tahap yang memegang peranan penting dalam mendegradasi lignoselulosa menjadi selulosa. Pada penelitian ini digunakan Lemna minor yang merupakan gulma perairan dengan kombinasi dua tahap pretreatmen untuk melihat efektivitas degradasi lignoselulosa dalam sampel. Tahap pertama dengan metode hydrothermal pressure pada suhu pemanasan uap 121 °C dan tekanan 15-20 psi dengan variasi waktu proses selama 5, 15, 30, 45, dan 60 menit. Tahap kedua pretreatment dengan metode kimiawi menggunakan NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; dan 2,5 M. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 60 menit merupakan waktu optimum dari metode hydrothermal pressure pada sampel L. minor dengan kadar lignin 11,32%, kadar selulosa 17,39%, kadar hemiselulosa 16,73% dan kadar gula total 0,82%. Untuk tahapan pretreatment dengan pelarut alkali (NaOH) kandungan kadar lignin L. minor setelah pretreatment dengan NaOH 2,0 M sebesar 5,36%, kadar.  Kandungan kadar selulosa, hemiselulosa dan gula total optimum diperoleh pada konsentrasi 2,5 M dengan nilai kadar 31,03%; 5,57% dan 1,74%. Efektivitas penurunan kadar lignin pada pretreatment hydrothermal pressure sebesar 37,04% sedangkan pretreatment dengan NaOH sebesar 70,18%. Kombinasi proses pretreatment memberikan hasil yang cukup baik terhadap proses degradasi lignin yang terkandung dalam sampel Lemna minor sehingga sangat efektif digunakan dalam proses pembuatan bioetanol dengan bahan dasar biomassa.  Optimization Pretreatment through Hidrothermal Preassure and Alkaline Solvent Methods in Bioethanol Production from Lemna minor. Bioethanol products with lignocellulosic biomass feedstock have been developed as an alternative energy source. The main challenge in the production of lignocellulosic ethanol is on the pretreatment stage. Pretreatment is a stage that plays an important role in degrading lignocellulose into cellulose. In this study, we used a Lemna minor which is a water weed with a combination of two stages of pretreatmentt to see the effectiveness of lignocellulosic degradation in the sample. The first stage is hydrothermal pressure method of steam heating temperature 121 °C and pressure 15-20 psi with variation of processing time for 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The second stage of pretreatment with chemical methods using NaOH with a concentration variation of 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 and 2.5 M. The results showed that 60 minutes was the optimum time of the hydrothermal pressure method in the L. minor sample with the lignin content of 11.32%, the cellulose 17.39%, the hemicellulose 16.73% and the total sugar 0.82%. For the pretreatment stage with alkaline solvent (NaOH) the content of L. minor lignin after pretreatment with 2.0 M NaOH was 5.36%. The content of cellulose, hemicellulose and total sugars was obtained at a concentration of 2.5 M with a grade value of 31.03%, 5.57%, and 1.74%. The effectiveness of lignin decrease in pretreatment hydrothermal pressure was 37.04% while pretreatmentt with NaOH was 70.18%. The combination of pretreatment process gives a good result to the lignin degradation process contained in the L. minor sample in order that it is very effective in the process of making bioethanol with biomass feedstock.
UTILIZATION OF α-KERATIN OF CHICKEN FEATHERS AS ADSORBEN OF LEAD ION Rais Nur Latifah; Roro Ernia; Edi Pramono
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 10, No 1 (2014): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.10.1.13.11-21

Abstract

Research of Pb ions adsorption with chicken feathers adsorbent has been conducted. This research aims to determine adsorption properties of activated chicken feathers and the chicken feathers that were not activatedby Na2S for Pb ions. The adsorption process was conducted by batch method with variation of the concentration, pH, and contact time. Pb content in solution is characterized by AAS spectroscopy (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy). The results show that the contact time and pH condition for adsorption equilibrium are 60 min for activated chicken feathers and 90 min for chicken feathers which were not activated by Na2S at pH 8. Pb absorption by chicken feathers follows Freundlich isotherm and the reaction kinetics follow the Ho equation.
BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS OF COTTON SEEDS OIL (CEIBAPENTANDRA) BY CHEMICALLY TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS AND ION FRAGMENTATION OF METHYL ESTER Erin Ryantin Gunawan; Siska Ayu Wulandari; Emmy Yuanita; Dedy Suhendra
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 10, No 2 (2014): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.10.2.528.104-115

Abstract

Fossil  fuel  is  commercial  energy  sources  in  many  communities  where  their abundance  progressively  reduced  and  the  resulting  environmental  pollution.  Biodiesel  is one alternative fuel made  from vegetable  which oils are suitable to replace the function of fossil fuels and environmentally friendly. Synthesis of biodiesel from  cotton  seeds oil  was carried  out  by  chemically  ransesterification  process.  Composition  of  methyl  esters  in biodiesel  thatwas  analyzed  by  GC-MS  are  methyl palmitate  (16.71%),  methyl  8,11-octadecadienoic (46.45 %) and  methyl linoleate (4.21  %).The highest amount of  biodiesel conversion  isat  ratio of oil and  methanol (1:1)  with  the catalyst 1% (weight  of oil).  The produced biodiesel was 93.7  %.  Chemical properties of  the produced  biodiesel meets the standard SNI 04-7182-2006 i.e.  saponification value of  120.167    mg KOH / g, acid value of 0.28 mg KOH / g and iod value 55.84g iod/100g of sample.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF C-HEXYL CALIX[4]RESORCINARENA FROM RESORCINOL-HEPTANAL CONDENSATION Desi Suci Handayani; Zainal Arifin Almaqqomul Amin; Triana Kusumaningsih; Abu Masykur
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 10, No 1 (2014): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.10.1.730.49-53

Abstract

Synthesis of  C-hexyl  calix[4]resorcinarene  through condensation reaction between resorcinol  and  heptanal  with  HCl  catalyst  has  been  investigated.  Synthesis  conducted  by the ratio of resorcinol: heptanal (1:1) using reflux for 6 hours in ethanol. Structural  analysis of  the  product  was  done  by  FTIR  and 1 H-NMR  spectroscopy,  while  the  characterization was  done  by  determining  melting  point.  The  product  was  golden  brown  powder  with  a yield 99.43%  and  melting point more than 300 °C.  Structural analysis with FTIR and 1 HNMR  known  vibration  and  signals  characteristic  of  calix[4]resorcinarena  group, the vibrations of the CH  bridge. Vibration of CH bridge appearance at wave number 1445 cm-1 and 1456  cm-1, while signal of CH bridge appearance at chemical shifts from  4.17 to 4.21 ppm.

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