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ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 14124092     EISSN : 24434183     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia is a chemistry journal published by Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia publishes original research articles or review articles in organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 224 Documents
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Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi Etil Asetat dan n-heksana Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D Shabarni Gaffar; Riza Apriani; Tati Herlina
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 14, No 2 (2018): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.14.2.17298.303-313

Abstract

Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antikanker. Beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan bahwa daun M. oleifera mengandung sejumlah senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki potensi sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas sitotoksik esktrak etanol, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi n-heksana daun M. oleifera terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D. Daun M. oleifera dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 90%. Ekstrak yang diperoleh dipartisi dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan etil asetat. Masing-masing ekstrak etanol, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi n-heksana diuji aktivitas sitotoksiknya terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D menggunakan metode MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium). Konsentrasi ekstrak dan fraksi yang digunakan adalah berturut-turut: 1500, 750, 375, 187, 93, 46, 50 dan 23 μg/mL dengan waktu inkubasi selama 48 jam. Nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi n-heksana daun M. oleifera berturut-turut yaitu sebesar 51,31; 20,17; 223,67 μg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, terlihat bahwa fraksi etil asetat daun M. oleifera memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik yang paling tinggi terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D.Cytotoxic Activity of the Ethanol Extract, Ethyl Acetate and n-hexane Fractions of Kelor Leaves (Moringa oleifera) against Breast Cancer Cell T74D. Moringa oleifera is one plant that has the potential anticancer activity. Several studies have been reported that M. oleifera leaves contain bioactives compounds that are potential as anticancer. This study was aimed to determine the cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and n-hexane fraction of M. oleifera leaf against breast cancer cell T47D. M. oleifera leaves were extracted by maceration with ethanol solvent. The extracts that have been obtained were partitioned by using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. Each ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction were tested for their cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cells using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) method. The applied concentration of extract and fraction were 1500, 750, 375, 187, 93, 46, 50 and 23 μg/mL with an incubation time of 48 hours. IC50 value of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions of M. oleifera leaves were 51.31; 20.17; 223.67 μg/mL. Based on these results, it shows that the ethyl acetate fractions of M. oleiferaleaves are highly toxic against T47D breast cancer cells. 
THE EFFECT OF CHLORO ACETIC ACID CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE REACTION OF CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN FORMATION ON CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY AND THERMAL STABILITY Purnawan, Candra; Pramono, Edi; Purwanto, Purwanto
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 10, No 1 (2014): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.10.1.7.31-39

Abstract

The research on the effect of chloro acetic concentration and temperature reaction of carboxymethyl chitosan formation on cation exchange capacity and thermal stability of polymer have been done. Carboxymethyl chitosan was synthesized by reaction of chitosan and chloro acetic acid with NaOH as catalyst. Polymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrofotometer, cation exchange capacity test, and thermal analysis with thermogravimetric method. Carboxymethyl chitosan has strong FTIR adsorption of carboxyl group (-COO-) in 1606,70 cm-1 and 1444,68 cm-1. The increasing of chloro acetic acid concentration and reaction temperature decreased cation exchage capacity and changed thermal stability of polymer.
CYTOTOXIC COMPOUND FROM ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF Brucea javanica (L.) Merr FRUIT AGAINST HeLa CELL LINE Nurlina Nurlina; Ari Widiyantoro
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 11, No 1 (2015): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.11.1.108.58-71

Abstract

The pure compound relatively (85 mg) was isolated from 4.5 kg Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. fruits sample. It was obtained from ethyl acetate fraction as a red-brownish amorphous solid of melting point 202-206 oC. Phytochemical screening of isolate showed positive result of terpenoid group. Based on analysis by UV, IR,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and by comparison with known related compounds, indicated that isolate is quassinoid compound named Picras 3- en- 21- oat acid, 15-(acetyloxy)-13,20- epoxy-3-(ß-D- glucopyranosyloxy)-11, 12- dihydroxy -2, 16- dioxo -, methyl ester. Cytotoxic test using MTT assay method showed that compound have IC50 9,7 µg/mL.
SYNTHESIS OF ZEOLITE AND COMPOSITE OF ZEOLITE/TiO2 FROM KAOLIN AND ITS APLICATION TO ADSORPTION-PHOTODEGRADATION OF METHILEN BLUE Linda Trivana; Sri Sugiarti; Eti Rohaeti
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 11, No 2 (2015): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.11.2.722.147-162

Abstract

In this study, zeolite was synthesized from kaolin which was founded from Bangka Belitung as the starting material. Meanwhile, sodium silicate was used as silica source. Zeolite is material with many benefits, such as become an adsorbent. Kaolin has been used as starting material due to high content of silica and alumina, i.e 35 - 50 %. Zeolite was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis process, by mixing the metakaolin which was produced by calcination of kaolin at 700 °C for 6 hours, with sodium silicate and NaOH. The NaOH was used to activate the major components of Si and Al in the kaolin.The hydrothermal process was conducted at 100 °C for 24 hours with various concentrations of NaOH, i.e 1.5 N and 2.5 N. The NaOH concentration might determine the type of zeolite obtained. To improve the nature as adsorbent, zeolites modified into zeolit/TiO2. The addition of TiO2into the prepared zeolit aimed to produce a material with capability as adsorbent-photocatalyst. The result of research found that the addition of NaOH 1.5 N produced zeolite NaP1. Meanwhile, the addition of NaOH 2.5 N produced the NaP1 zeolite, zeolite X, and faujasite. The composite of zeolit/TiO2has ability on adsorption-photocatalytic as it was proven by methylene blue degradation under ultraviolet light.
Evaluasi Potensi Sedimen Perairan Sebagai Sumber Kontaminan Logam Berat (Pb, Cu, Zn) Di Badan Air Pada Wilayah Reklamasi Lumpur Lapindo Novi Anitra; Barlah Rumhayati; Catur Retnaningdyah
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 12, No 2 (2016): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.12.2.1390.142-154

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi potensi sedimen perairan di wilayah reklamasi lumpur Lapindo sebagai sumber kontaminan logam berat (Pb, Cu, Zn) di badan air muara Sungai Porong, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan menentukan nilai faktor kontaminasi (Contamination Factor, CF) dan kode penilaian resiko (Risk Assessment Code, RAC) berdasarkan konsentrasi fraksi geokimia logam berat dalam sedimen. Fraksi logam berat ditentukan dengan metode ekstraksi bertahap (sequential extraction) BCR dimodifikasi oleh Chakraborty. Sampel sedimen diambil pada dua lokasi di muara Sungai Porong, yaitu pada lokasi 1 yaitu 7°34'26.76" LS, 112°52'53.76" BT dan lokasi 2 yaitu 7°33'31.35" LS, 112°51'05.56"BT. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan Eickman Grab sampler, disimpan dalam wadah gelap pada suhu 40C. Konsentrasi logam berat ditentukan dengan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kedua lokasi nilai CF(Cu) lebih tinggi dibandingkan CF(Pb) dan CF(Zn). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Cu memiliki waktu retensi lebih singkat dibandingkan kedua logam lainnya dalam sedimen. Dengan kata lain, Cu lebih mudah terlepas dari sedimen dan menuju badan air sehingga dapat mengkontaminasi badan air. Berdasarkan nilai RAC, sedimen di lokasi 2 memiliki potensi lebih besar melepaskan logam Cu dalam  fraksi 1 (fraksi logam berat terlarut dalam air pori sedimen) dan fraksi 2 (fraksi logam berat mudah tertukar dan dalam bentuk karbonat) yang dapat dimanfaatkan langsung oleh biota di badan air. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa meskipun mangrove yang ditanam di wilayah reklamasi Lumpur Lapindo dapat mengabsorpsi logam berat tetapi sedimen perairan di wilayah tersebut memiliki potensi sebagai sumber kontaminan Cu, terutama di wilayah reklamasi yang berhubungan dengan laut.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF XANTHONE FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF THE STEAM BARK OF Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq Muharni Muharni; Elfita Elfita; Emil Pertiwi
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 13, No 2 (2017): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.13.2.4346.250-261

Abstract

A compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of stem bark Garcinia picrorrhiza. The extraction was conducted by maseration. Separation and purification were done by chromatography method. The structure of compound was established using UV, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The antibacteria activity of the isolated compound was tested by paper disk difusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)   value was determined by using well difusion method examined against bacteria Escherechia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccocus aureus. The isolated compound was a yellow solids (43.8 mg) with melting point 171 – 172 oC. Based on spectroscopy data compared with data from the literature, the isolated  compound is a known compound of oxygenated xanthone group with structure 1,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(3methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone. The compound exhibited an antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis only with MIC of 62.5 µg/mL.
Persamaan Empiris Sederhana untuk Memprediksikan Ukuran Partikel dari Enkapsulasi Oleoresin Jahe Merah Jayanudin Jayanudin; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Moh. Fahrurrozi; Sang Kompiang Wirawan
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 14, No 2 (2018): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.14.2.17076.178-192

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan persamaan empiris dari bilangan tak berdimensi untuk memprediksikan ukuran mikrokapsul oleoresin jahe merah. Metode enkapsulasi yang digunakan adalah crosslink emulsi dengan kitosan sebagai penyalut dan glutaraldehyde saturated toluene (GST) sebagai agen crosslink. Oleoresin jahe merah dan kitosan dengan konsentrasi 1, 2, 3 dan 4% (w/v) diaduk dengan kecepatan 10.000 rpm untuk membentuk emulsi, kemudian dimasukan dalam minyak jagung dan diaduk kembali untuk membentuk emulsi kedua. Sebanyak 10 mL glutaraldehyde saturated toluene (GST) sebagai agen crosslink ditambahkan secara bertahap. Setelah itu, ditambahkan larutan glutaraldehida 25% dan terus diaduk selama 2 jam. Mikrokapsul dipisahkan dan dicuci dengan petroleum eter dan heksan, kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven dengan suhu 70 °C. Dengan cara yang sama digunakan untuk membuat mikrokapsul pada kecepatan pengadukan 5.000, 8.000 dan 15.000 rpm. Ukuran diameter mikrokapsul dianalisis menggunakan mikroskop digital. Persamaan empiris dari bilangan tak berdimensi Reynolds (Re) dan Ohnesorge (Oh) dibuat untuk memprediksikan diameter mikrokapsul. Data dari variabel perubahan konsentrasi kitosan dan kecepatan pengadukan dapat menghasilkan persamaan empiris dari bilangan Reynolds (Re) dan Ohnesorge (Oh). Konstanta yang dihasilkan adalah  = 422,06,  = 0,37 dan  = -0,18. Berdasarkan perbandingan antara data diameter penelitian dan hasil perhitungan didapat % kesalahan sebesar 8,05% untuk pengaruh konsentrasi kitosan dan 7,52% untuk pengaruh kecepatan pengadukan.A Simple Empirical Equation for Predicting Particle Size from Encapsulation of Red Ginger Oleoresin. This study aims to determine the empirical equations of the dimensionless number to predict the diameter size of red ginger oleoresin microcapsules. The encapsulation method used is crosslinking emulsion with chitosan as coating and glutaraldehyde saturated toluene (GST) as a crosslinking agent. Red ginger oleoresin and chitosan with concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4% (w/v) were stirred at 10,000 rpm to form emulsions, and then added to the corn oil and stirred again to form a second emulsion. The 10 mL of glutaraldehyde saturated toluene (GST) as a crosslinking agent was added gradually. After that, a 25% glutaraldehyde solution was added and stirred for 2 hour. Microcapsules were separated and washed with petroleum ether and hexane, then dried in an oven at a temperature 70 °C. The same step, the microcapsules were made at stirring speed of 5,000; 8,000; and 15,000 rpm. The size of the microcapsule diameter was analyzed using a digital microscope. The empirical equations of the dimensionless numbers Reynolds (Re) and Ohnesorge (Oh) are made to predict the microcapsule diameter. The data from the chitosan concentration change and stirring speeds could produce the empirical equations of the Reynolds and Ohnesorge numbers. The resulting constants were  = 422.06,  = 0.37 dan  = -0.18. By comparing the data diameter of the research and calculation results obtained % error of 8.05% for the influence of chitosan concentration and 7.52% for the effect of stirring speed. 
PREPARATION MICRO-FILTRATION CERAMIC MEMBRANE FROM NATURAL ZEOLITE FOR PROCION RED MX8B AND METHYLENE BLUE FILTRATION Dyah Choiriyah; Esfi Riandini; Arinta Wulandari
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 11, No 1 (2015): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.11.1.100.8-14

Abstract

The study of ceramic membrane fabrication from natural zeolite and its utilization for filtration of procion red MX8B and methylene blue has been investigated. The purposes of this study are to determine the effect of pressure on membrane permeability and selectivity and utilize natural zeolite as ceramic membranes procion red MX8B and methylene blue filtration. The membrane was prepared by metide press pellets and then calcined at 850 oC. The membranes were characterized by mechanical test, flux and rejection of dye. The compression test of the membrane found the values of 1369.178 psi in dry conditions to 1388.933 psi in wet conditions. The flux test found that the higher the pressure applied, the flux was increase. However, the high pressure also decreased the selectivity. Rejection test found that the rejection of methylene blue filtration up to 70 %. Meanwhile, procion red MX8B filtration has rejectivity less than 20 %.
THEORETICAL STUDY ON CORROSION INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF 2-ISOPROPYL-5-METHYLPHENOL Saprizal Hadisaputra; Saprini Hamdiani; Eka Junaidi
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 11, No 2 (2015): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.11.2.710.102-110

Abstract

Corrosion inhibitors of 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol and its derivatives has been elucidated by means of density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Effect of electron donating and withdrawing groups such as NH2, SH, CHCH2, CH3, OH, CHO, COOH, F and NO2 on the corrosion inhibitor of 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol derivatives also have been studied. The quantum chemical parameters such as the frontier orbital energies (EHOMO), ionization potential (I), electron affinity (A) and electronegativity (χ) are closely related to the corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE %) of 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol derivatives. The presence of electron donating groups increase IE % values meanwhile electron with drawing groups reduce IE % values. The enhancement of IE % follows NO2 < CHO < COOH < SH < F < CH3 < CHCH2 < OH < NH2. Electron donating NH2 group gives 96.38 % of IE %, pure 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol IE % = 82.70 %. In contrast, electron withdrawing NO2 group gives IE % only 68.66 %. This theoretical study would have a significantly contribution for accelerating corrosion inhibitor experimental to gain optimum results.
BACTERIAL CELLULOSE FROM RICE WASTE WATER AND ITS COMPOSITE WHICH ARE DEPOSITED NANOPARTICLE AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL MATERIAL Eli Rohaeti; Endang W Laksono; Anna Rakhmawati
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 12, No 1 (2016): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.12.1.946.70-87

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (C) and its composites were synthesized from rice waste water with addition of glycerol (G) and chitosan (Ch).Antibacterial activity of the C, the bacterial cellulose-chitosan composite (CCh), and the bacterial  cellulose – glycerol - chitosan composite (CGCh) which were deposited silver nanoparticles against S. aureus, E. coli,  and yeast C. albicans has been conducted. Silver nanoparticles was prepared by chemical reduction of a silver nitrate solution, a trisodium citrate as a reductor, and a PVA as a stabilizer. The UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to determine the formation of silver nanoparticles. The characterization was conducted on the bacterial celluloses and those composites including the functional groups by the FTIR, the mechanical properties by Tensile Tester, photos surfaces by SEM, and the test of the antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans by diffusion method. The silver nanoparticle characterization indicates that the silver nanoparticles are formed at a wavelength of 418.80 nm. The antibacterial test showed an inhibitory effect of the C, the CCh, and the CGCh which are deposited  the silver nanoparticles against of S. aureus, E. coli,  and C.albicans. The CGChs which are deposited silver nanoparticles has the highest antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The CGs which are deposited silver nanoparticles provide the highest antimicrobial activity against the E. coli ATCC 25922 and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231.

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