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INDONESIA
Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology
Published by Pusat Litbang Daya Saing Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan
ISSN : 20895690     EISSN : 24069272     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Squalen publishes original and innovative research to provide readers with the latest research, knowledge, emerging technologies, postharvest, processing and preservation, food safety and environment, biotechnology and bio-discovery of marine and fisheries. The key focus of the research should be on marine and fishery and the manuscript should include a fundamental discussion of the research findings and their significance. Manuscripts that simply report data without providing a detailed interpretation of the results are unlikely to be accepted for publication in the journal.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 308 Documents
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Employed Bacterial Species and Bacterial Cellulose (BC) Applications: The State of Play Wan Syahiidah Wan Abd Aziz; Azila Adnan
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 17, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.672

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an uprising bio-polymer produced by various bacterial strains, which is infamous for its prominent biological properties and applications. Receiving ample attention due to those unique properties, various genus and bacterial strains have been used for BC biosynthesis and the studies of its production have been recorded throughout the years. Although a lot of research and implementation has been done on BC, studies in the search for low-cost, effective medium contributing to higher BC yields were still in continuation to this day. This review article overviews the employed bacterial strains and their recent advance, modified, and low-cost medium in the development of BC composites. Special emphasis is placed on the new-novel strains for BC production and BC applications. Compilations of literature were compiled to outline the sources and also findings by previous and recent researchers. It was found that numerous studies have attempted to enhance BC production, which includes the utilization of various bacterial strains to fulfill industrial needs. Hence, this review comprises bacterial genera and species, which are mainly used in the production of BC such as Komagataeibacter, Gluconobacter, Gluconacetobacter, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas.The recent studies enforced on BC focusing on higher production and the application of BC on an industrial scale will also be reviewed. 
Water Soluble Chitosan from Green Mussel (Perna viridis) Shells and Its Use As Fat-Absorber In Cookies Aef Permadi; Rufnia Ayu Afifah; Dita Ambar Kartika Apriani; Farida Ariyani
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 17, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.731

Abstract

Green mussel chitin can be converted by H2O2 into water-soluble chitosan (WSC). This can subsequently be utilized for a variety of different purposes, such as a fat binder. This study examines how different H2O2 concentrations (13, 21.5, and 30%) affected the properties of WSC (yield, moisture content, ash content, degree of deacetylation, and solubility in water and acid). Moreover as well as how WSC (8%, 9%, and 10%) affected the hedonic scores, proximate composition, and fat binding capacity of weight-loss cookies. A single factor Completely Randomized Design and single-factor ANOVA were used to analyze the data, followed by Duncan’s additional testing as necessary. The results showed that water-soluble chitosan was impacted by H2O2 concentration in that its yield and ash content decreased, its color changed to a brownish, and its solubility in acid and moisture content all increased. According to De Garmo’s Effectiveness Index Test, 30% H2O2 concentration resulted in the best WSC. The addition of WSC did not affect the hedonic quality, protein, moisture, or carbohydrate contents of the cookies, but it did have an impact on the ash and fat contents. The ability of all cookie samples in all treatments to bind fat in liquified butter and peanut oil validates the use of cookies containing WSC in body weight loss research.
Structure Flexibility of Alpha-galactosidase from a Marine Psychrophilic Yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 Shuhaila Mat-Sharani; Reyad Al Moheer; Farah-Diba Abu-Bakar; Abdul-Munir Abdul-Murad; Nor-Muhammad Mahadi
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 17, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.680

Abstract

Factors that contribute to maintaining the flexibility or stability of an enzyme structure may depend on the composition of each amino acid with different characteristics, providing a purpose and bonding features within the structure. Based on this assumption, a study using homology modeling and a comparative study to observe different structure behaviors of an enzyme at an extremely low temperature (psychrophile) against temperate (mesophile) and high temperature (thermophile) was performed. The subject, a-galactosidase from Glaciozyma antarctica as a marine psychrophilic candidate was chosen against a-galactosidase from Trichoderma reesei (mesophile) and Ramsonia emersonii (thermophile). This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of a-1-6 linked terminal galactosyl residues which can be found in a wide range of the organism. The ability of G. antarctica to grow in extremely cold temperatures rendered the question that the enzyme must have special characteristics to adapt to the cold condition. Based on the homology modeling and molecular dynamics study, a comparison of the structure of G. antarctica a-galactosidase enzymes with its homolog from the mesophilic and thermophilic fungi showed that G. antarctica a-galactosidase enzyme confers its flexibility by the increased number of small amino acids with reduced charges, more loops, a fewer number of hydrogen and disulfide bonds in its structure. Furthermore, a-galactosidase has potential for commercialization in bleach paper and the baking industry also a treatment for bloating and Fabry disease.
Preface Squalen Bulletin Vol. 17 No. 3 Tahun 2022 bulletin squalen
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 17, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

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Abstract

Antioxidative Responses of Chlorella vulgaris Under Different Growth Phases Norhayati Yusuf; Nur Maisarah Athirah; Suhaila A
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 17, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.692

Abstract

Chlorella vulqaris is a unicellular microorganism that offers health benefits due to its concentrated antioxidant production. This microalga has received huge attention due to its natural antioxidative property as an alternative antioxidant source because of its rapid growth, easy and flexible culture. Research to date only focuses on the growth and antioxidant production in a selected growth phase, especially exponential and stationary phases; however, so far, limited reports on the production of antioxidants in all growth phases of C. vulgaris. Thus, this study determines the growth, the enzymatic (Catalase, CAT; Ascorbate Peroxidase, APX; and guaiacol peroxidase, gPOD) specific activities and the amount of the non-enzymatic antioxidants (a-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and carotenoids) of C. vulgaris in five growth phases. Chlorella vulgaris was cultured in F/2 medium at 25±2 °C under laboratory conditions. CAT specific activities were the highest at the exponential phase (1.50±0.08 units/mg protein), whereas APX and gPOD were induced at the lag phases of 37.13±4.93 units/mg protein and 1.31±0.03 units/mg protein, respectively. The amount of a-tocopherol was accumulated at the stationary phase (97.3±4.18 µg/g.fwt), whereas the highest amount of ascorbic acid (266.67±22.22 µg/g.fwt) and carotenoids (8.16±2.52 µg/g.fwt) were at the decline phase. Production of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the microalgae cells indicated that they efficiently scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) and converted them into less harmful substances. In addition, the production of these antioxidants in different growth phases can be used as a guideline to produce massive antioxidants, which can be commercialized in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Front Cover Squalen Bulletin Vol. 17 No. 3 Tahun 2022 squalen buletin
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 17, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

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Abstract

Biosynthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of In Vitro Expressed Scygonadin Protein Nurfarhana Rosli; Sandra Catherine Zainathan; Siti Nor Khadijah Addis
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 17, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.699

Abstract

Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are key components of an innate immune response which represent immediate action of the defence mechanism of an organism.  It is considered a novel therapeutic agent due to its abundance in nature and a broad range of defence activity against microbial. Preceding research has shown that scygonadin AMPs isolated from seminal plasma of mud crab had the potential as a novel antimicrobial agent. However, its cytotoxicity properties on cultured cells have never been experimentally addressed. In this study, the scygonadin protein was expressed in vitro, followed by cytotoxicity assessment via MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. A full-length sequence of the scygonadin gene of 387 bp was cloned into pBAD/Myc-His A vector and expressed in TOP10 cells. The protein expression was induced, purified and quantified before being subjected to cytotoxicity analysis. Next, an African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell was chosen to evaluate the cytotoxicity level of scygonadin in vitro. A total of 1x104 cells/mL were seeded into a 96-well plate before being treated to various concentrations of scygonadin protein and hydrogen peroxide as a positive control for the toxicity test.  The cells’ viability treated with scygonadin AMP and hydrogen peroxide was also verified with fluorescent analysis. The result demonstrated that the scygonadin did not cause any cytotoxicity effects while hydrogen peroxide showed an IC50 value at 0.003mM and this was further confirmed by fluorescent staining analysis. The absence of scygonadin toxicity in cells indicates its potential for biopharmaceutical use. 
Back Cover Squalen Bulletin Vol. 17 No. 3 Tahun 2022 squalen buletin
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 17, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

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Abstract

Antagonistic Activity and Surface Decontaminant Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Oreochromis niloticus Hazlina Ahamad Zakeri; Mohd Nizam Lani; Adilah Ismail; Nur Najihah Hasim; Rozila Alias; Azlina Mansor; Zaiton Hassan
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 17, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.710

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been extensively explored as potential biopreservants. They could produce substances with antimicrobial properties such as bacteriocins and organic acids which can also be the cause of antagonistic activity shown by LAB. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the antagonistic activity of LAB isolated from fermented Oreochromis niloticus against foodborne pathogens and to determine the potential of LAB as a surface decontaminant of raw chicken breast and Tilapia fish fillet. The antagonistic activity of LAB has been shown to affect Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. When LAB was introduced to the mixed cultures of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus, the growth of those pathogens drastically reduced and this has proven that LAB grows stronger and more stable while eliminating the pathogens. LAB and their cell-free supernatant (CFS) were also introduced into the raw chicken breast and fresh Tilapia fish fillet, where E. coli growth was recorded. Both cell cultures and CFS of LAB showed inhibition of E. coli on chicken breast and Tilapia fish fillet in the range of 0.16 to 1.28 log10 reduction and 0.12 to 1.12 log10 reduction, respectively. In conclusion, the results above suggest that LAB isolated from fermented O. niloticus has the potential to be a surface decontaminant. Additionally, both LAB and their CFS can also be used as biopreservative for both chicken breast and fish fillet due to a very good antagonistic activity shown by the LAB toward the foodborne pathogens.
Abundance and Characteristics of Microplastics Found in The Gastrointestinal Tract of Commercial Marine Fish from Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Aunurohim Aunurohim; Eka Krisna Risawati; Eka Nur Rahmawati; Nova Maulidina Ashuri; Fione Yukita Yalindua; Putri Saphira Ibrahim; Nita Citrasari; Miftakhul Sefti Raufanda; Romanus Edy Prabowo
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.719

Abstract

Microplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging environmental problem that threatens food security, food safety, and human health since it has been reported to be found in commercial fish consumed by humans. Bitung, North Sulawesi, is one of the biggest contributors to capture fishery production in Indonesia. However, there is no data on microplastic pollution in commercial marine fish from Bitung. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the presence and identify the visual characteristics (color, shape, size) and the polymer type of microplastics found in the gastrointestinal tract of commercial marine fish from Bitung, North Sulawesi. The gastrointestinal tract was extracted using KOH 10%, and the microplastic was observed under a stereo microscope. A total of 753 microplastic particles were found in the gastrointestinal tract of 74 individuals (prevalence 99%), and there was a statistically significant difference in the abundance of microplastics found in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish. The average number of microplastic particles found in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic fish (12,24 ± 2,43) is higher than in demersal fish (7,38 ± 3,48). The dominant color and shape of microplastic found in the gastrointestinal tract of the fish were black and fiber, respectively. At the same time, the dominant microplastic size found in the gastrointestinal tract of demersal fish was bigger (1,001-5,000 µm, 39,4%) compared to pelagic fish (150-500 µm, 47%). The Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis result shows that microplastics of the same polymer type can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of both pelagic and demersal fish.

Page 30 of 31 | Total Record : 308

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