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Civil Engineering Dimension

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Published by Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya

ISSN : 14109530 EISSN : 1979570X DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

The Civil Engineering Dimension (Dimensi Teknik Sipil) is a refereed journal, published twice a year, in March and September.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 11 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition" : 11 Documents clear

Safe and Sustainable Tall Buildings - State of the Art Mendis, P.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Tall buildings are becoming very popular around the world. Asia will have most of the tall buildings in this century. Both safety and sustainability aspects are important in planning and designing these buildings. The design and construction of tall buildings present many challenges for the design team, from engineers, architect through to the builder. Although structural systems could be developed and construction solutions could be found to design and construct very tall buildings in excess of 1 km (even 1 mile), other aspects such as fire and egress, long-term movements, environmental wind and perception of motion (including damping for dynamic effects), transportation (lifts) issues, sustainability, durability and maintenance will govern and may even restrict the heights. Current practices and important issues related to design of safe and sustainable design of tall buildings are discussed in this paper.

Generalized Fragility Relationships with Local Site Conditions for Probabilistic Performance-based Seismic Risk Assessment of Bridge Inventories Lau, D.T.; Vishnukanthan, K.; Waller, C.L.; Sivathayalan, S.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

The current practice of detailed seismic risk assessment cannot be easily applied to all the bridges in a large transportation networks due to limited resources. This paper presents a new approach for seismic risk assessment of large bridge inventories in a city or national bridge network based on the framework of probabilistic performance based seismic risk assessment. To account for the influences of local site effects, a procedure to generate site-specific hazard curves that includes seismic hazard microzonation information has been developed for seismic risk assessment of bridge inventories. Simulated ground motions compatible with the site specific seismic hazard are used as input excitations in nonlinear time history analysis of representative bridges for calibration. A normalizing procedure to obtain generalized fragility relationships in terms of structural characteristic parameters of bridge span and size and longitudinal and transverse reinforcement ratios is presented. The seismic risk of bridges in a large inventory can then be easily evaluated using the normalized fragility relationships without the requirement of carrying out detailed nonlinear time history analysis.

Queuing Rule of Thumb based on M/M/s Queuing Theory with Applications in Construction Management Kardi Teknomo
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

The current trend of queuing theory development is toward more precision which requires higher mathematical manipulation. In this paper, we attempted to reverve the current trend toward simplification of queuing formulas such that it can be used in more practical purposes, especially in construction industry. Through numerical examples of two case studies on concreting and earth moving, how to model the construction activities as queuing systems is illustrated systematically. Through the numerical examples, it is shown that when the customer cost is much lower than the server cost, queuing system can be simplified only to incorporate the constraint equation. The queueing constraint equation is suggested to be used as queuing rule of thumb. The proposed rule of thumb is rather conservative in term of queuing performance compared to the standard stochastic queuing formula because it is assumed that all the customers arrive at once in the beginning of the service.

Limitations in Simplified Approach in Assessing Performance of Façade under Blast Pressures Lumantarna, R.; Ngo, T.; Mendis, P.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

The main function of building facades, which often consists of glazing windows, is to provide protection to the occupants and contents of the building from external hazards. In a blast event, the facade component of a building may become the weakest link of the structure, whereby its breach may lead to blast pressure ingress and hazardous projectiles into a structure. This paper reports part of a study to establish the performance of glass windows under blast pressures. Two modelling techniques were used to simulate the response of a façade panel. They are the Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) modelling technique and the Finite Element (FE) modelling technique. Although the SDOF approach can be used with a reasonable degree of accuracy, the limitations of its basic assumption lead to loss of details in the idealisation process. This paper presents an attempt to establish performance indices of a façade panel, and to identify the discrepancies between simplified approach and the detailed numerical modelling approach analysis.

Seismic Assessment of Structures in Regions of Low to Moderate Seismicity Lumantarna, E.; Lam, N.; Wilson, J.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Assessment of structures according to conventional seismic design procedure has been based on trading off strength and ductility (or displacement) to provide sufficient energy dissipation capacity to structures. Consequently, structures in regions of high seismicity are designed to undergo large displacements whilst maintaining their lateral strengths in an earthquake. Energy demand from a small to medium earthquake could subside with increasing effective natural periods. Significantly, the amount of drift imposed on the structures could be restrained to an upper limit irrespective of the degradation in strength or stiffness of the lateral load resisting elements. Based on the displacement-controlled behaviour, structures can be deemed seismically safe despite having undergone significant degradation in strength and stiffness, provided that the structures can sustain the maximum drift demand from an earthquake without collapsing. This paper proposes a simple procedure for the assessment of structures in regions of low to moderate seismicity. The proposed procedure will result in significant savings in time and costs particularly when a large number of structures are to be assessed for their potential vulnerability in an earthquake.

Effects of Live Load on Seismic Response of Bridges: A Preliminary Study Wibowo, H.; Sanford, D.M.; Buckle, I.G.; Sanders, D.H.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Although live load is well known to have a dynamic effect on bridge response in addition to its self-weight, the significance of these effects on seismic response is unclear. In addition, most bridge design specifications have few requirements concerning the inclusion of live load in their seismic design provisions. The main objective of this study is therefore to investigate and obtain insight into the effect of vehicle-bridge interaction during earthquake shaking. The study consists of both experimental and analytical investigations. This paper focuses on the experimental work, which includes shake table testing of a 2/5-scale model of a horizontally curved steel girder bridge loaded with a series of representative vehicles. Preliminary experimental results show that the presence of the live load had a clear beneficial effect on performance for small amplitude motions, but that this improvement diminished with increasing amplitude of shaking. Parameters used to measure performance include column displacements, abutment shear forces, abutment uplift, and concrete spalling.

Global Multidisciplinary Learning in Construction Education: Lessons from Virtual Collaboration of Building Design Teams Soetanto, R.; Childs, M.; Poh, P.; Austin, S.; Hao, J.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Construction is a multidisciplinary activity in which effective communication between parties is essential for successful construction projects. However, the construction industry has been characterised by fragmentation, which prevents seamless communication. This problem has been further exacerbated by the need to communicate over distance within a time constraint in an increasingly interconnected and globalised construction sector. This has brought a particular challenge to the education sector in preparing the future graduates to work in this context. The paper reports on an on-going Hewlett Packard-sponsored project to implement an innovative learning approach which consists of distanced collaboration between students from different disciplines from two Universities in the UK and Canada. The empirical work involved interviews and questionnaire survey at different stages of the project. The preliminary findings reveal the impact of disciplinary training on the development of effective virtual collaboration, although this has been moderated, to some extent, by their earlier (not so positive) experience during the course of the project. The research provides a material for further reflection and may serve as a useful consideration for future development of a guiding framework for effective training of built environment professionals.

Integrating Emotional Intelligence, Political Skill, and Transformational Leadership in Construction Sunindijo, R.Y.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Much research has been conducted to demonstrate the roles of emotional intelligence, political skill, and transformational leadership in the organisational context. However, there is a lack of research that investigates the relationships between the three, particularly in the construction project environment, thus this research attempts to fill this gap. It was hypothesised that emotional intelligence serves as the foundation of these relationships, whilst political skill is the mediator and transformational leadership is the output. Questionnaire survey was used to collect data from three large construction organisations in Australia where 273 valid responses were received. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling method to test the theoretical model. The finding of this research advances theoretical understanding by showing the relationships between emotional intelligence, political skill, and transformational leadership. Practically, it helps construction organisations strategise in recruiting and developing their project personnel.

Learning from Local Wisdom: Friction Damper in Traditional Building Lumantarna, B.; Pudjisuryadi, P.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Indonesia is situated in the so called “Ring of Fire” where earthquake are very frequent. Despite of all the engineering effort, due to the March 28, 2005 strong earthquake (8.7 on Richter scale) a lot of modern buildings in Nias collapsed, while the traditional Northern Nias house (omohada) survived without any damage. Undoubtedly many other traditional buildings in other area in Indonesia have survived similar earthquake. Something in common of the traditional building are the columns which usually are not fixed on the ground, but rest on top of flat stones. In this paper some traditional building are subjected to non linear time history analysis to artificial earthquake equivalent to 500 years return period earthquake. This study shows that apparently the columns which rest on top of flat stone acts as friction damper or base isolation. The presence of sliding at the friction type support significantly reduces the internal forces in the structure.

Towards Rational Design Method for Strengthening of Concrete Structures by External Bonding Ueda, T.; Zhang, D.; Furuuchi, H.
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 14 No. 3 (2012): Special Edition
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Many infrastructures need to be repaired or strengthened due to various reasons, such as unexpected deterioration and changes in performance requirement. This paper presents the following recent achievements by the authors’ group on design method for flexural strengthening of concrete structures by external bonding; (i) fracture characteristics of interface between substrate concrete and cementitious overlay, (ii) crack spacing of flexural strengthened beams, which affects debonding strength, (iii) strengths of intermediate crack (IC) debonding and end peeling, (iv) strength of concrete cover separation, and (v) effectiveness of strengthening by external bonding. A unified approach for flexural strengthening by steel plate, fiber reinforced polymer lami¬nate and cementitious overlay, for both intermediate crack (IC) debonding, including end peeling, and concrete cover separation is pre¬sented with consideration of crack spacing in the streng¬thened members. Appropriate interfacial rough¬¬¬ness to achieve efficient interface bond property is clari¬fied and the concept of effectiveness of strengthen¬ing is proposed for better strengthening design.

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